Abstract: Provided is a pressurized carbon dioxide bathing apparatus for causing even a small amount of carbon dioxide to be efficiently absorbed from skin of a living body with the structure of a cover suit simplified, and the pressurized carbon dioxide bathing apparatus is to bring carbon dioxide with a concentration of a predetermined value or more into contact with skin of the human body and thereby promote the blood circulation, and is characterized by being comprised of a carbon dioxide supply means 1 for supplying a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor, a compressed air supply means 2, a first cover suit 3A which is connected to the carbon dioxide supply means 1 via a connector 6, is filled with the mixed gas supplied from the carbon dioxide supply means 1, and forms an enclosed layer 4 to bring the mixed gas into direct contact with skin of the human body, and a second cover suit 3B which is connected to the compressed air supply means 2 via a connector 7 and forms an enclosed layer 5 filled with compres

Abstract: Medical dressings and medical dressing kits that can be used to proved positive pressure wound therapy. The medical dressings include one or more normally-closed valves. The medical dressing kits may further include fittings.

Abstract: Topical exposure of nitric oxide gas to wounds such as chronic non-healing wounds may be beneficial in promoting healing of the wound and in preparing the wound bed for further treatment and recovery. Nitric oxide gas may be used, for example, to reduce the microbial infection and burden on these wounds, manage exudate secretion by reducing inflammation, upregulate expression of endogenous collagenase to locally debride the wound, and regulate the formation of collagen. High concentration of nitric oxide ranging from about 160 to 400 ppm may be used without inducing toxicity in the healthy cells around a wound site. Additionally, exposure to the high concentration for a first treatment period reduces the microbial burden and inflammation at the wound site and increase collagenase expression to debride necrotic tissue at the wound site.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the plasma treatment of surfaces (47), in particular of skin, having a housing (3), a plasma source (5) allocated to the housing (3), and at least one spacer (21) that is provided on the housing (3) and/or the plasma source (5) in such a manner that a distance (d) between the plasma source (5) and a surface (47) to be treated can be maintained at least in some regions. The device is characterized in that the spacer (21) is designed to be adjustable in order to vary the distance (d) and that the distance (d) can be varied in such a manner that a preferred plasma chemistry can be selected at the location of the surface (47) to be treated.

Abstract: A method for replenishing gas in a subcutaneously implanted medical device containing functional cells comprising: inserting at least one needle, adopted to penetrate the skin and connecting a subcutaneously implanted medical device; connecting the inserted at least one needle to a gas replenishing apparatus; extracting gas from a gas reservoir in the implanted device into the gas replenishing apparatus; sensing oxygen level in the extracted gas; calculating the amount of gas needed for replenishing oxygen in the reservoir based on the sensed oxygen level in the extracted gas; and supplying gas from a gas tank in the gas replenishing apparatus to the gas reservoir in the implanted device.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for the administration of a plasma modified field (PMF) to a subject comprising: (a) a non thermal plasma (NTP) emitting source for emitting a plasma beam; (b) a plasma modified field coupling mechanism (PMFCM) comprising a plasma beam dish having at least one opening for the passage of said plasma beam; said plasma beam dish having a first surface and a second opposite surface; and (c) a controller for controlling said PMFCM. In a main aspect of the invention, said first surface of said plasma beam dish is mounted with: (i) at least one coupling element selected from the group consisting of: (1) at least one ferroelectric element for providing said field; (2) at least one ferromagnetic element for providing said field; (3) at least one piezoelectric element for providing said field; and (4) at least one piezomagnetic element for providing said field; and (ii) at least one reflecting element.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a variety of systems, techniques and machine readable programs for using plasmas and/or electric fields alone, or in combination with other therapies, to treat different tissue conditions as well as other conditions, such as tumors, bacterial infections and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having an ozone generator associated therewith. The generator is initiated and a therapeutic gas is accumulated within the barrel, at which point it can be delivered from the barrel into a target site via a needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: A method of applying a liquid or powder in a body cavity of a living body involves positioning the distal portion of an applicator in the living body, using an applicator that includes an outer tube and a nozzle having an elongated nozzle main body and a nozzle head at the distal end side of the nozzle main body. The method also includes relatively moving the outer tube and the nozzle so a curved section of the nozzle main body moves proximally relative to the outer tube and enters the outer tube to adjust the direction in which the nozzle is facing, conveying the liquid/powder through the nozzle main body and to the nozzle head, expelling the liquid or the powder from the nozzle head toward a surface in the body cavity, and discharging gas in the body cavity into a longitudinally extending gap and to outside the body cavity.

Abstract: A cold plasma device for bromhidrosis treatment is described. A dielectric barrier discharge device is formed by an electrode disposed adjacent to a dielectric barrier, with the dielectric barrier being configured to apply a cold plasma to a bromhidrosis treatment surface. The electrode is coupled to a pulsed high voltage cold plasma power supply, which may be external or internal to the body containing the DBD device. The cold plasma bromhidrosis treatment device can be powered by batteries or by an AC/DC adaptor.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for treating wounds are disclosed. An apparatus for treating wounds is disclosed comprising an instrument for generating a low temperature, atmospheric pressure plasma, a means of flowing gas comprising mixing an inert gas and a reactive gas through the instrument, and a means of contacting the wound with the reactive gases flowing out of the instrument. A method for treating wounds using reactive gases is disclosed. The use of atmospheric pressure plasmas for treating wounds is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wound treatment apparatus that ventilates a wound dressing with warm humidified oxygen and/or air at a very low flow rate while under a sub-atmospheric pressure. A controlled flow of filtered air and/or oxygen is selected or blended under atmospheric pressure. This gas is pulled by a downstream vacuum source through a flow limiting device and exits at a sub-atmospheric pressure equal to the vacuum source. The gas flow is then humidified and heated to prescribed conditions before entering a substantially airtight negative pressure type wound dressing which is adapted for ventilation with an added inlet connection. This conditioned gas ventilates and nourishes the wound environment exiting the dressing outlet, through a fluid trap, to the vacuum source.

Abstract: A free radical sterilization system having a chamber defining a region, and a generator for generating free radical reach effluent from a free radical electric generator and/or a vaporizer. A closed loop circulating system without a free-radical destroyer is provided for supplying the mixture of free radicals from the electric generator mixed with the hydrogen peroxide solution in the form of the effluent to the chamber. The free-radical sterilization system is used in sterilizing items in the chamber and, with an open-bottomed wound chamber, in treating wounds on a body.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for protecting and treating wounds are provided. A housing is adapted to be adhesively secured over the wound of an injured or infected person. The housing has an opening for access to the wound, and is further provided with inlet and outlet ports for the application of therapeutic materials. There is particularly provided a program for a closed looped system for such wound care. Additionally, the invention provides for a protective and treating cover for the eye, which can be either opaque or translucent. Additionally, a mechanism for accurately depositing eye drops without risking injury to the eye is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of treating diseases and disorders comprising applying a therapeutically effective dose of cold plasma. In particular examples, the diseases and disorders include, but are not limited to, diseases and disorders of the skin, musculoskeletal, and immune systems.

Abstract: A handheld medical device comprises an internal flow passage that is in axial alignment with an output drive shaft. The drive shaft is powered by a motor assembly that is offset from the internal flow passage and the output drive shaft. The drive shaft and the motor assembly can be connected by a gear train. A collet mechanism can be used to secure a surgical implement to the handheld medical device. A first button assembly and a second button assembly can be positioned on diametrically opposed portions of the handheld medical device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining patient specific treatment parameters for delivering vapor to the lung to treat lung tissue. In some embodiments vapor is delivered to the lung to cause coagulative necrosis, inducing fibrosis and thereby reducing the volume of at least one segment of the lung. The delivery parameters can be adjusted depending on the desired degree of injury to be induced in the lung tissue.

Abstract: In a gas supply system, a controller is electrically connected to a pressure regulator and an operation switch. The controller is operative to control the pressure regulator so that a predetermined gas is supplied to a first delivery member directing to a first body cavity with its pressure regulated to a first pressure suitable for the first body cavity. The controller is operative to control the pressure regulator depending on an instruction sent from the operation switch upon operation of the operator so that the predetermined gas is supplied to a second delivery member directing to a second body cavity with its pressure regulated to a second pressure suitable for the second body cavity.

Abstract: A system for intracorporeal gas exchange includes a flexible, rotatable shaft; a plurality of axially spaced agitation mechanisms positioned on the rotatable shaft, such that the rotatable shaft can flex between the axially spaced agitation mechanisms; a plurality of hollow gas permeable fibers adapted to permit diffusion of a gas between an intracorporeal fluid and an interior of the hollow fibers. The plurality of hollow fibers is positioned radially outward from the agitation mechanisms. A blood contacting medical system includes at least one seal, and a purge system via which a flushing fluid is introduced under pressure over a blood-side face of the at least one seal and caused to flow through a space on the blood-side face of the at least one seal. The system can further include a rotatable member. The space on the blood-side face of the at least one seal can be in fluid connection with an annular space adjacent to a rotating element operatively connected to the rotatable member.

Abstract: A limb wound treatment device is described having a first end, a second end and an interior therebetween for accommodating a treatment gas. The device can include a flexible housing that can be inflated or a rigid housing. The first end can include an inflatable cuff seal for hermetically sealing against the limb being treated. The second end can include a closed end or an access port that is releasably sealed with a clamping mechanism. Further, the device can include a controller that can inflate that housing, inflate the cuff seal and provide treatment gas to the interior, in response to pressures within the cuff seal and the housing. Further, the device can accommodate different types of wound treatments, such as hyperbaric therapy, compression therapy or negative pressure therapy.

Abstract: Oxygen diffusive wound dressings and methods of manufacturing and use are described herein. The wound dressing may generally provide a ready supply of oxygen to a wound being treated via one or more oxygen conduits which are designed to pass oxygen from ambient air or other oxygen reservoirs into proximity to the wound, and may also provide for exudate removal through transecting channels in fluid communication with both the wound surface and a hydrophilic absorbent material.

Abstract: Oxygen diffusive wound dressings and methods of manufacturing and use are described herein. The wound dressing may generally provide a ready supply of oxygen to a wound being treated via one or more oxygen conduits which are designed to pass oxygen from ambient air or other oxygen reservoirs into proximity to the wound, and may also provide for exudate removal through transecting channels in fluid communication with both the wound surface and a hydrophilic absorbent material.

Abstract: A medical gas condition system for supplying a liquid hydration fluid to a hydrator before or during an ongoing medical procedure by coupling the flow of liquid hydration fluid into the hydrator to either the absence of flow of medical insufflation gas into the hydrator or to a condition where the liquid hydration fluid can be absorbed by a hydrator instead of being forced through the hydrator in liquid form.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for removing fluid from a surgical access device and/or from surgical instruments passed therethrough, and for preventing such fluid from accumulating. For example, in one embodiment, an exemplary device can include a body defining a working channel that is configured and sized to allow for passage of a surgical instrument therethrough. A number of seals can be disposed in the working channel so as to contact the inserted surgical instrument. One or more outlets can be oriented to direct gas, such as air or an insufflation gas, into the working channel so as to remove fluid on the seals, or other parts of the surgical access device, as well as the surgical instruments themselves. In some embodiments, constant flows of gases can be arranged to act as shields to help prevent fluid from accumulating on the surgical access device and/or surgical instruments.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of reducing the cytotoxic effects of nitric oxide and sulfides comprising coadministering nitric oxide with sulfide. In addition, the present invention provides novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising both nitric oxide and sulfide. The methods and compositions of the present invention may be used in the treatment or prevention of a variety of diseases and disorders, and also in the prevention of cell or tissue damage, including that resulting from ischemia or hypoxia.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a gas mist pressure bathing cover which is simple in a structure and easy in pressurization.

Abstract: A sterilization system having a controllable non-ironismg microwave radiation source for providing microwave energy for combining with a gas to produce atmospheric low temperature plasma for sterilizing biological tissue surfaces or the like. A plasma generating region may be contained in a hand held plasma applicator. The system may include an impedance adjustor e.g. integrated in the plasma applicator arranged to set a plasma strike condition and plasma sustain condition. The gas and microwave energy may be transported to a plasma generating region along an integrated cable assembly. The integrated cable assembly may provide a two way gas flow arrangement to permit residual gas to be removed from the surface. Invasive surface plasma treatment is therefore possible. The plasma applicator may have multiple plasma emitters to produce a line or blanket of plasma.

Abstract: A gas mist pressure bath device includes a living-body cover member for covering the living-body's skin or the mucous membrane and forming a space for sealing the gas mist from the gas mist generating device inside of the living-body cover member, and a pressurizing member integrally formed with the living-body cover member pressurizing the gas mist in the living-body cover member. The pressurizing member is in a form of a ring, a hollow gas collection part, or a shielding film.

Abstract: A system for treatment of a wound area of a patient including a first treatment pad comprising a plurality of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for cleaning and exposing a wound area to ultraviolet light, a second treatment pad comprising removal ports for exposing the wound area to a negative pressure, and a control unit interoperably connected to the first and second treatment pads for providing a negative pressure and the ultraviolet light to the wound area.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides methods and devices for removing fluid from a surgical instrument. Surgical access devices and seal systems are generally provided having one or more valves or seal assemblies to create a closed system between the outside environment and the environment in which the surgical access device is being inserted. The devices of systems can also include a fluid remover in the form of a sorbent element, a scraper element, a wicking element, or any combination thereof that is configured to remove fluid from a working channel of the device or system and/or from a surgical instrument inserted therethrough.

Abstract: A controller is operable to selectively supply gas to, and evacuate gas from, regions of a hyperbaric wound treatment chamber. The controller operates to inflate a passage or rib of the device to provide that the device is made sufficiently rigid for inserting a limb therethrough, and inflate an inflatable cuff to create a seal against the limb. The controller also operates to evacuate ambient air trapped within the chamber, and optionally partially evacuate the passage or rib, after the seal is created by the inflatable cuff, and then introduce oxygen into the chamber, and optionally inflate the passage or rib. The cuff, when inflated and creating a seal against a limb, optionally is at least partially within the chamber, and the treatment gas is supplied to the chamber to maintain the seal of the cuff against the limb.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a method to vent gas from a body cavity during an endoscopic procedure. A body cavity is in fluid communication with an exhaust gas inlet of a vacuum break device. The vacuum break device has a chamber in fluid communication with both the inlet and an outlet. The chamber may comprise one or more openings in fluid communication with the atmosphere. A conduit in fluid communication with the exhaust gas outlet may be connected directly or indirectly to a suction source. The suction source may be activated.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and kits for treating symptoms associated with common ailments, such as headaches, rhinitis, asthma, epilepsy, nervous disorders and the like, are provided. The apparatus comprises dispensers for carbon dioxide and other therapeutic gases. The methods comprise delivering small volumes of these gases to patients in a manner where the gas infuses into a body region in order to bathe the mucous membranes therein. It has been found that even very short exposure of patients to small volumes and high concentrations of such gases can provide significant relief from symptoms.

Abstract: A surgical access system comprises a trocar, an insufflating optical obturator slidably insertable into the trocar, and a laparoscope slidably insertable into the obturator. A distal end of the obturator comprises a tip, at least a portion of which comprises a wall with a generally uniform thickness comprising a transparent material. At least one vent hole disposed at the obturator tip is fluidly connected to a gas flow channel defined by an interior surface of the obturator and the laparoscope, which is fluidly connected to an insufflation gas inlet disposed at a proximal end of the trocar. Improved optical characteristics of the trocar system permit precise and accurate visual placement thereof into a body cavity. Accordingly the access system is suitable as a first entry surgical access system. Embodiments of the trocar access are also useful for drug delivery, and/or for fluid and/or tissue aspiration.

Abstract: A laparoscopic port device includes a compliant port body having a distal and proximal end having a lumen extending therethrough. The lumen has a filtering agent configured to retain or treat particulate contaminates present in insufflation gases. The laparoscopic port device further includes a valve operatively connected with the lumen to selectively regulate flow of the insufflation gases therethrough.

Abstract: The invention to provide a gas mist pressure bath system which is possible to control the amounts, pressures and others of gas and liquid, and cause the gas mist to be absorbed through the skin and mucous membrane of a human living organism under an optimum condition. This system is for preparing a mist (gas mist) by pulverizing and dissolving a gas (carbon dioxide or oxygen, otherwise a mixed gas) and a liquid at a density of not less than a predetermined value, and contacting the mist to the skin and mucous membrane of a living organism.

Abstract: The current invention discloses a wound treatment device having a wound covering member, an applicator unit, and two lumens. The wound covering member may cover a wound. Sealing mechanism of the wound covering member may be used to form a sealed wound enclosure over and around the wound. The two lumens, including a negative pressure lumen and an oxygen lumen, connect the wound enclosure to the applicator unit. The applicator may be used to apply alternating and cycling negative pressure and oxygen to the wound enclosure, facilitating the wound healing process. The levels and durations of negative pressure, as well as the purity, amount, and durations of oxygen, may be adjusted by the applicator unit.

Abstract: A non-invasive method of treating cerebral ischemia, involving the use of non-inhaled, intra-nasally delivered carbon dioxide (CO2), alone or in combination with other gases to augment cerebral perfusion and improve outcome following a stroke is provided. A vasodilator gas is delivered intranasally, alone or in combination with a second gas, for prolonged periods of time without systemic absorption. The second gas may be selected from NO, hydrogen, xenon, anesthetic gases, oxygen, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, or air. The treatment selectively increases cerebral perfusion and provides neuroprotection in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and devices for performing ablation via a cryoablation catheter. An ablation catheter having a cyroablation chamber at its distal end can be used to achieve a uniform ablation band in or around the pulmonary veins. The cyrochamber can house a dispersion member in fluid communication with a refrigerant supply and can function to evenly distribute received refrigerant over some portion of the inner wall of the cryochamber. As a result of this even distribution of refrigerant within the cyrochamber, uniform ablation of the targeted tissue of the patient can be achieved.

Abstract: An oxygen-producing device has a power supply with an electrically positive and an electrically negative output, at least one pair of electrodes, one electrode of the pair coupled to the electrically positive output and the other coupled to the electrically negative output, an oxygen-rich material exposed to the electrodes for producing oxygen in response to a voltage generated across the electrodes, and an envelope containing the power supply, the pair of electrodes and the oxygen rich material. The device operates within a human tumor, the envelope— comprises a gas-permeable membrane for releasing the produced oxygen into an environment outside of the envelope and the power supply is enabled to provide a DC voltage of at least 1.2 volts to the electrodes.

Abstract: A system facilitates creating a controlled hydrogen rich environment around a patient. The system includes an enclosure, at least one opening, and a hydrogen source. The enclosure forms an internal space to at least partially enclose a body part of the patient. The opening is defined within the enclosure to allow a portion of the body part of the patient to extend out of the internal space of the enclosure. The opening is further configured to form a seal around the body part that extends out of the internal space of the enclosure. The hydrogen source delivers hydrogen gas into the internal space of the enclosure.

Abstract: This invention provides articles of manufacture and bandages comprising compartments and layers comprising oxygen and other therapeutic gas storage forms and perfluorocarbons. This invention also provides for methods of delivering oxygen and other therapeutic gases to a tissue in a subject comprising a administering to the tissue a composition comprising a perfluorocarbon and a oxygen or therapeutic gas storage form, so as to thereby deliver oxygen or the therapeutic gas to the tissue.

Abstract: An aerosol generator is positioned adjacent to a patient as an attachment to a trocar. The trocar has an entry port for insufflation gas. Aerosol generated by a vibrating element is entrained in the insufflation gas and the mixture is delivered through the trocar. The aerosol may contain a medicament. The trocar may be a conventional trocar. Such trocars are typically used for a camera. The delivery of the aerosolized medicament can occur at the start of the procedure and be delivered in bolus. At the start of the procedure, the peritoneum is being inflated by means of the flow of insufflator gas. This gas flow will help to entrain the aerosolized medicament to the pneumoperitoneum regions. The surgeon can temporarily remove the camera from the trocar port to facilitate insertion and positioning of the aerosolizing unit.

Abstract: Devices and methods for vacuum-assisted removal of surgically contaminated gas from an insufflated body cavity, the contaminants comprising smoke, aerosols, vapor, mist and the like generated during surgical procedures in order to clear the surgeon's vision of the surgical site and prevent exposure of the surgical staff to the gas. One embodiment of the present invention comprises a series of flow restriction devices to enable stepping down of the flow rate generated by an external vacuum. This reduced flow rate allows safe yet rapid removal of the toxic and vision-obstructing surgical byproducts from the patient's body cavity. The initial flow restriction device may comprise a perforated trocar sleeve in fluid communication with the vacuum source that allows retention of the surgical instrument within the trocar sleeve's inner lumen with concurrent smoke removal.

Abstract: Devices and methods for vacuum-assisted removal of surgically contaminated gas from an insufflated body cavity, the contaminants comprising smoke, aerosols, vapor, mist and the like generated during surgical procedures in order to clear the surgeon's vision of the surgical site and prevent exposure of the surgical staff to the gas. One embodiment of the present invention comprises a series of flow restriction devices to enable stepping down of the flow rate generated by an external vacuum. This reduced flow rate allows safe yet rapid removal of the toxic and vision-obstructing surgical byproducts from the patient's body cavity. The initial flow restriction device may comprise a perforated trocar sleeve in fluid communication with the vacuum source that allows retention of the surgical instrument within the trocar's inner lumen with concurrent smoke removal. The flow rate is infinitely variable, adjustable and selectable using a flow control adjuster comprising a smoothly varying orifice.

Abstract: A method for performing a cholecystectomy procedure is disclosed. The method includes the steps of ligating a cystic artery and a cystic duct of a gallbladder, separating the gallbladder from a liver by grasping the gallbladder and stretching a connective tissue therebetween and positioning a plasma applicator adjacent the connective tissue. The method also includes the steps of generating a selectively reactive plasma effluent at the plasma applicator and directing the selectively reactive plasma effluent at the connective tissue to separate the gallbladder from the liver.

Abstract: A nitric oxide delivery device includes a housing that is permeable to nitric oxide. The surface of the housing is modified to detect surface charge or pH (e.g., due to cell adhesion). A working electrode (which is a copper-containing conductive material or a base material coated with a copper-containing conductive material) is positioned inside of the housing. A reference/counter electrode is also positioned inside of the housing, and is electrically isolated from the working electrode. A source of nitrite ions is to be contained within the housing such that it is in contact with the working electrode.

Abstract: A device (10) for disinfecting wound treatment is described, with a housing (18), with a plasma generator (54) arranged in housing (18) for generating a disinfecting plasma, with a flow module (52) arranged in housing (18) for generating a gas stream, which forms a free jet (32) transporting the disinfecting plasma from housing (18), and with a jet control unit (50) for affecting the free jet (32) in a planned manner by controlling the gas stream generated by flow module (52). Means (10) has, furthermore, a guide apparatus (56) controllable via the jet control unit (50) for guiding the free jet (32).

Abstract: A device and use thereof for supply of gas to an operational space configured to adjoin a temporarily open inner portion of a mammal during surgical operations. The device includes a supply conduit, connectable to the gas source including an outlet end, and a body having at least partly an annular shape extending along a circumferential path around centre axis enclosing the operational space. The body has an inner side, outer side, an open interior channel, and an opening allowing the gas to enter the body from the supply conduit. The body is manufactured in foam rubber-like material having large number of open cells functioning as supply nozzles permitting the supply of a substantially laminar, continuous gas stream into the operational space enabling the formation of a gas cushion in the operational space.

Abstract: A hemostasis instrument for actively stopping the bleeding, in particular after an open, laparoscopic, or endoscopic operation on a patient, having several hemostasis components. The hemostasis instrument has at least the following hemostasis components:—a thermal hemostasis device for tissue coagulation by producing a temperature above the coagulation temperature of biological tissue by means of a coagulation electrode;—a biochemical hemostasis device for producing a silent electric discharge by means of at least one discharge electrode, and an insulating device, wherein the insulating device is arranged between the discharge electrode and the tissue to be treated;—a supplying device for supplying substances that influence blood clotting to the tissue to be treated, and—a supply device for supplying noble gas to the tissue to be treated.