Abstract: The present invention relates to a replaceable module for use with a thermal contrast therapy systems. The replaceable module may be an automated thermal contrast therapy module which includes a casing, a manual mixing valve, an automated mixing valve, an automated mixing valve actuator, a temperature sensor, and an interface. A cold and a hot fluid are mixed to generate a therapy fluid. The therapy fluid may be output to a therapy bladder. The second replaceable module is a compression therapy module which includes a casing, an air pump, a pneumatic solenoid, and a pressure monitor. The casing may include a pressurized air pathway including an air outlet. The pump may pressurize the air within the pathway, and the solenoid may regulate the air pressure using feedback from the pressure sensor. Additionally, a pressure relief valve may release pressure if it gets above a safety threshold. The compression therapy module may also include a fluid pathway.

Abstract: A cryosurgical instrument for separating a tissue sample from a biological tissue to be treated, for purposes of biopsy. The cryosurgical instrument includes a probe for bringing a probe head up to the biological tissue and a gas line for supplying cooling gas from a gas source of a cryosurgical apparatus to the probe head. The probe head cools a limited tissue region, by means of the supplied gas, for obtaining a tissue sample. The tissue sample can be separated from the surrounding tissue when frozen onto the probe head. The instrument has a support tube in which the probe is guided and which can be moved relative to the probe in such a way that the surrounding tissue can be supported by means of the support tube during the separating of the tissue sample. The instrument also includes an accelerating device that provides a predefined force for the separating process.

Abstract: The invention provides for a system for controlling a therapeutic pad having a data storage medium. The system for controlling has means for reading and/or writing the data of the data storage medium of the therapeutic pad, and means for implementing an operational procedure depending on the data of the storage medium of the therapeutic pad. Further, a method for controlling a therapeutic pad having a data storage medium is provided. The method has the steps of reading and/or writing the data of the data storage medium of the therapeutic pad, and implementing operational procedure depending on the data of the storage medium of the therapeutic pad. Furthermore, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product has one or more computer readable media having computer executable instructions for performing the steps of the method as discussed hereinbefore.

Abstract: A method for thermotherapy of a biological tissue by determining the temperature at which to heat a target site to be treated to provide a temperature to the site to effect therapy, the temperature above body temperature but below a protein denaturation temperature, as determined by a patient's experience of a sensation of pain. Thermotherapy is effected in the absence of coagulative effects by providing oscillatory energy at the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A catheter is adapted to exchange heat with a body fluid, such as blood, flowing in a body conduit, such as a blood vessel. The catheter includes a shaft with a heat exchange region disposed at its distal end. This region may include hollow fibers which are adapted to receive a remotely cooled heat exchange fluid preferably flowing in a direction counter to that of the body fluid. The hollow fibers enhance the surface area of contact, as well as the mixing of both the heat exchange fluid and the body fluid. The catheter can be positioned to produce hypothermia in a selective area of the body or alternatively positioned to systemically cool the entire body system.

Abstract: Methods are described for augmenting cerebral blood flow and altering sympathetic nerve firing and catecholamine release by cooling a part of the body. In particular localized cooling of the nose or mouth is used to augment cerebral blood flow and alter sympathetic nerve firing. By cooling a localized area such as nose or mouth, release of norepinephrine after an ischemic event is inhibited. The methods described may be applied to augment cerebral blood flow and alter catecholamine release, particularly in treatment of stroke, heart attack and transient ischemic event.

Abstract: Provided herein are biomedical devices and methods of making and using biomedical devices for sensing and actuation applications. For example, flexible and/or stretchable biomedical devices are provided including electronic devices useful for establishing in situ conformal contact with a tissue in a biological environment. The invention includes implantable electronic devices and devices administered to the surfaces(s) of a target tissue, for example, for obtaining electrophysiology data from a tissue such as cardiac, brain tissue or skin.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for introduction of materials into a patient's body. The method generally comprises providing an elongate member for introducing the material. The elongate member defines a lumen and comprises a distal end defining an aperture and a proximal end. The method further comprises the steps of positioning the elongate member at a target site of a patient's body; providing a motorized device at least partially disposed within the lumen; and introducing the material through the lumen into the target site using the motorized device.

Abstract: A depth cooling implant system having a probe device implanted inside a targeted area of the brain, such as the medial temporal lobe, for the treatment of epilepsy is disclosed. The probe device includes a heat pipe having a sensor for detecting the temperature of surrounding brain tissue as well as a plurality of recording electrodes for monitoring EEG activity of the brain. Further, the heat pipe defines a proximal portion in operative engagement with a cooling chip that provides a nearly instantaneous cooling effect to the heating pipe in order to immediately cool the targeted area of the brain when an epileptic seizure is detected. The probe device is operatively associated with a probe controller having a computer and battery arrangement that may be implanted in the patient in order to monitor brain activity and selectively activate the cooling chip for cooling the medial temporal lobe in response to an epileptic seizure.

Abstract: An energy irradiation device for medical use to irradiate a living body with energy includes a data storage for storing data indicative of correlations between information about bloodstream quantities and amounts of tissue necrosed in living bodies for a plurality of living bodies differing in bloodstream quantity that are irradiated with a predetermined quantity of the energy, a calculation unit for calculating a quantity of the energy with which to irradiate a predetermined living body based on the data stored in the data storage, the information about the bloodstream quantity in the predetermined living body, and the amount of tissue to be necrosed in the predetermined living body.

Abstract: A warming article having a heat generating main body (4). The heat generating main body (4) is composed of a heat generating element (2) having water vapor generating capability and an air permeable holder (3) for holding the heat generating element (2). The heat generating main body (4) is configured to expand with heat generation of the heat generating element (2). The amount of water vapor generated from the warming article is preferably 1.0 to 100 mg/(cm2·10 min). The holder (3) preferably has a water vapor permeability of 1.5 to 10 kg/(m2·24 hr). The heat generating element (2) is preferably a sheet molded by papermaking and containing an oxidizable metal, a moisture-retaining agent, and a fibrous material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a treatment device that can be prevented from being displaced from a treatment site. The treatment device accommodates one or more heating elements that generate heat, and is attachable to a treatment site of a patient, the device comprising a body part formed of an inelastic and breathable material, and having one or more storage portions individually storing each heating element; one or more band parts formed of an elastic and breathable material, and attached to the body part; and a fastening means for fastening the one or more band parts wound around the treatment site.

Abstract: Methods are provided herein for affecting a region of a subject's body, comprising exposing the region to a cooling element under conditions effective to cool subcutaneous adipose tissue in said region; and increasing the blood flow rate to the cooled tissue by exposing the tissue to an energy source. Methods are also provided for treating subcutaneous adipose tissue in a region of a subject's body, comprising exposing said region to a cooling element under conditions effective to cool said tissue; and exposing the tissue to an energy source to increase the blood flow rate to the cooled tissue, thereby stimulating reperfusion in, and/or causing an ischemia-reperfusion injury to, the cooled tissue.

Abstract: A heated massage glove comprising a hand covering to envelope a hand of a user, a set of finger segments to accept the fingers of the user, a set of finger massagers attached within the set of finger segments, where the set of finger massagers vibrate and pulse against the set of fingers, a set of hand massagers attached to a backside of the hand covering, wherein the set of hand massagers vibrate and pulse against a backside of the hand, a heating apparatus housed within the hand covering, where the heating apparatus includes a plurality of wires to heat the hand covering, and a control mechanism attached to the backside of the hand covering wherein the control mechanism controls how intense the set of finger massagers and the set of hand massagers vibrates and pulses and how intense the heating apparatus heats.

Abstract: A device is described that may be positioned at a location in an intervertebral disc for diagnosis or treatment of the disc. Treatment may include, for example, applying energy or removing material, and may decrease intradiscal pressure. Radiofrequency energy may be applied. A percutaneous method of repairing a fissure in the annulus pulposus comprises placing an energy source adjacent to the fissure and providing sufficient energy to the fissure to raise the temperature to at least about 45-70° C. and for a sufficient time to cause the collagen to weld. An intervertebral fissure also can be treated by placing a catheter with a lumen adjacent to the fissure and injecting sealant into the fissure via the catheter, thereby sealing the fissure. An intervertebral fissure additionally can be treated by providing a catheter having a distal end, a proximal end, a longitudinal axis, and an intradiscal section at the catheter's distal end on which there is at least one functional element.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for treating hypertension, e.g., via a pulsed electric field, via a stimulation electric field, via localized drug delivery, via high frequency ultrasound, via thermal techniques, etc. Such neuromodulation may effectuate irreversible electroporation or electrofusion, necrosis and/or inducement of apoptosis, alteration of gene expression, action potential attenuation or blockade, changes in cytokine up-regulation and other conditions in target neural fibers. In some embodiments, neuromodulation is applied to neural fibers that contribute to renal function. In some embodiments, such neuromodulation is performed in a bilateral fashion. Bilateral renal neuromodulation may provide enhanced therapeutic effect in some patients as compared to renal neuromodulation performed unilaterally, i.e., as compared to renal neuromodulation performed on neural tissue innervating a single kidney.

Abstract: A flexible infrared heat exercise pad provides a warming surface through the use of infrared energy transmissions from the pad to the user. The infrared heat exercise pad includes a top layer and a bottom layer of cloth material, sandwiching a coiled heating wire having an upper and lower foil layer. A layer of padding, such as foam or cotton-based padding, is provided. A power source is connected to the coiled heating wire to provide a current through the wire. In response to the current, infrared heat is created and, by coupling through the upper and lower foil layers, provides a consistent heat emission from the surfaces of the pad. The heat level can be set ranging from low to high, and the duration of heating can be set to accommodate workouts having varying periods of use, or for the first portion of a workout, for example.

Abstract: A cooling device for locally and superficially anesthetizing an area on the surface of the body comprising a coolant fluid contacting a cooler. The cooler is moistened by a disinfection fluid. The cooling device is held in a refrigerator till use, then allowed to warm up to operation temperature. Then, the cooler is applied to the area on the surface of the body.

Abstract: Methods and devices for extracting thermal energy from the core body of a mammal are provided. In practicing the subject methods, a portion of the mammal, e.g. a limb or portion thereof, is placed in a sealed enclosure to produce an enclosed portion of the mammal. A surface of the enclosed portion of the mammal is then contacted with a low temperature medium under negative pressure conditions for a period of time sufficient to provide for the desired core body thermal energy extraction. The subject methods and devices find use in a variety of applications, e.g. providing relief from temperature sensitive disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, and the treatment of hyperthermia, among other treatments. The subject methods and devices are particularly suited for use in enhancing the physical ability of a mammal.

Abstract: In a dynamic contrast temperature system including a thermocycling block and an organism zone multi-modules temperature applicator a method of spatiotemporal temperature-physiological optimizing includes modules structure arranging and modulating a module temperature action with a law, a range and a frequency providing a cooling phase and a heating phase of a “drop-shaped” form law so, that each two side by side disposed the modules form a temperature pair with a modulated binary temperature action gradient, and a modulation comparative phase provides a phase shift to a comparative phase of an independent periodic additional action process; and gradient-wave therapeutically optimized changing the modulation parameters in dependence on the changes of the organism physiological characteristics.

Abstract: A heat exchange fluid supply system for supplying a heat exchange fluid to an intravascular heat exchange catheter includes a disposable cassette having a bulkhead and an external heat exchanger, and which is configured to operate in combination with a reusable master control unit. The bulkhead includes a reservoir section and a pump section. The reservoir section is provided with a means to monitor the amount of heat exchange fluid that is in the system. The bulkhead provides the mechanism for priming the system with heat exchange fluid from an external source and for circulating fluid to the catheter in a closed circuit. The pump section is configured to allow for pumping of heat exchange fluid at a constant pressure.

Abstract: Methods for inducing the deposition of elastin at a tissue site by exposing the tissue to hyperthermia is described herein.

Abstract: By present invention it has been found that hypothermia decreases adhesion formation more specifically pneumoperitoneum-enhanced adhesion formation. A cooling system has been designed to reduce the peritoneal cavity temperature during surgery, while maintaining at all times a 100% relative humidity in order to prevent desiccation, and a regulatory unit designed to condition the insufflated gas to achieve this while minimalising the necessary cooling. This is a new method for more effectively preventing adhesion though cooling while preventing desiccation. In mice it was demonstrated that factors such as environmental temperature, anaesthesia, ventilation and pneumoperitoneum can be used to influence body temperature in order to prevent adhesion formation.

Abstract: A heating system for a hyperthermia apparatus may include a heater having a plurality of independently controllable heater elements located on one or more surfaces of the heater, and a temperature sensor associated with one or more of the heater elements. Each of the surfaces may be proximate to a reservoir cartridge. The heating system may include a computing device in communication with the temperature sensor. The computing device may be configured to adjust an amount of electrical current to the one or more heater elements associated with the temperature sensor based on a temperature reading received from the temperature sensor.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods for modifying neural transmission patterns. In certain embodiments, methods of the invention involve noninvasively applying a first type of energy to a region of neural tissue, noninvasively applying a second type of energy to the region of tissue, such that the combined effect modifies a neural transmission pattern between cells of the neural tissue.

Abstract: A radiant therapeutic heating apparatus may include a radiant heat generating layer having a plane surface including an infrared radiator adapted to radiate heat evenly from its surface, a pair of flexible electrically insulating and radiation-permeable layers located adjacent and covering opposite sides of the layer, a thermal insulation layer disposed against and covering one of the electrically insulating layers, and a sealed radiation permeable envelope enclosing the heating apparatus. The flexible heat generating layer may include a fiberglass material impregnated with a resistive material, which material may provide a surface temperature, when current is conducted therethrough, of no greater than about 54 degrees Celsius. Current limiting thermostats may be provided to prevent energy and temperature spikes. A stiffening element may help protect the components, and may orient portions of a user's body (such as, e.g., but not limited to, the wrist for repetitive strain injuries) in a therapeutic position.

Abstract: A method for treating the lung during an acute episode of reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease such as an asthma attack. The method comprises transferring energy to an airway wall of an airway such that a diameter of the airway is increased. The energy may be transferred to the airway wall prior to, during or after an asthma attack. The energy may be transferred in an amount sufficient to temporarily or permanently increase the diameter of the airway. The method may be performed while the airway is open, closed or partially closed.

Abstract: A physiological thermal stimulation probe, comprising: (a) an electrically controlled heat control element with a relatively low thermal capacity and adapted for contact with tissue on one side thereof; (b) a thermal sink/source with a relatively high effective thermal capacity and a relatively low thermal impedance, such that said thermal sink/source sink can rapidly change a temperature of said heat control element, at a rate above 10 degrees Celsius per second, from a temperature of below 100 degrees Celsius; and (c) circuitry which activates said heat control element to achieve a desired temperature stimulation profile of said tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a warming platform, a heating source, a controller, and a plurality sensors. The heating source comprises a plurality of heating elements forming a matrix, wherein each heating element is operable to heat a corresponding region of the warming platform. The controller is operatively coupled to the heating source for controlling the temperature in each region of the warming platform. The plurality of sensors are operatively coupled to the controller for sensing a physiological parameter of a patient (e.g., body temperature) residing on the warming platform, and providing one or more control signals to the controller for selectively controlling the heating elements.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for altering an individual's level of consciousness by directing stimulation or inhibition to a CNS locus target region in the individual's brain that is responsible for consciousness.

Abstract: A device that is used to reduce the pain of a needle stick to a person, the device having a casing containing a vibratory device and a temperature reducing device, and a method for using the device to reduce the pain of a needle stick by applying both thermal and vibration analgesia to a subject during a needle stick.

Abstract: A catheter or lead having a flexible printed circuit for conveying signals and/or energy. Each trace may be in electrical connection with one or more external electrical contacts. More specifically, each trace is typically electrically connected to a single contact. The traces and contacts may assist in diagnosis and/or detection of bio-electrical signals emitted by organs, and may transmit such signals to a connector or diagnostic device affixed to the catheter. The external electrical contacts may detect bioelectric energy or may deliver electrical or thermal energy to a target site.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for treating end-stage renal disease, e.g., via a pulsed electric field, via a stimulation electric field, via localized drug delivery, via high frequency ultrasound, via thermal techniques, etc. Such neuromodulation may effectuate irreversible electroporation or electrofusion, necrosis and/or inducement of apoptosis, alteration of gene expression, action potential attenuation or blockade, changes in cytokine up-regulation and other conditions in target neural fibers. In some embodiments, neuromodulation is applied to neural fibers that contribute to renal function. In some embodiments, such neuromodulation is performed in a bilateral fashion. Bilateral renal neuromodulation may provide enhanced therapeutic effect in some patients as compared to renal neuromodulation performed unilaterally, i.e., as compared to renal neuromodulation performed on neural tissue innervating a single kidney.

Abstract: A method for thermotherapy of a biological tissue by determining the temperature at which to heat a target site to be treated to provide a temperature to the site to effect therapy, the temperature above body temperature but below a protein denaturation temperature, as determined by a patient's experience of a sensation of pain. Thermotherapy is effected in the absence of coagulative effects by providing oscillatory energy at the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A system for treating meibomian gland dysfunction. A controller controls heat applied to the tissue proximate the patient's meibomian glands to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. A force is also applied to tissue proximate the patient's meibomian glands during the application of heat to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in tissue that causes convective heat loss. Thus, the application of force can further increase the temperature level and/or reduce the time to reach desired temperature levels for removing obstructions. Reaching increased temperature levels may improve the melting, loosening, or softening of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands. Reducing the amount of time to reached desired temperature levels an aid in reducing discomfort to the patient during treatment.

Abstract: An induction heating apparatus includes a first interventional device and a second interventional device. The first interventional device includes an electrically conductive material. The first interventional device is adapted for implantation inside a body and for receiving an alternating current. The second interventional device comprises a magnetically conductive material. The second interventional device is adapted for implantation inside the body in close proximity to the first interventional device. With both devices placed inside the body, the second interventional device magnetically couples with the first interventional device and the second interventional device generates heat upon the application of the alternating current to the first interventional device thereby heating the body site.

Abstract: A high viscosity composition which according to the invention comprises at least one polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block copolymer (poloxamer) having the structural formula HO(C2H4O)a (C3H6O)b (C2H4O)a H and having an average molecular weight of above 6000; at least one additional polymer having an average molecular weight of above 150000, and a dispersion medium, comprising at least one freezing point depressing dispersant and at least one freezing point non-depressing dispersant. The composition is heatable above the body temperature of a mammal and coolable below 0° C. within a predetermined temperature range.

Abstract: A portable handheld thermo-electric device (10) is used to test for decreased cold pain thresholds or increased sensitivity to cold stimulation (cold hyperalgesia) in a patient. The thermo-electric device (10) comprises a probe (18), a Peltier module (12) and a control unit (16) operable to energize the Peltier module (12) so that the temperature of the probe 18 is variable in a range between a predetermined upper temperature limit and a predetermined lower temperature limit during a test cycle of the thermo-electric device (10). A thermal mass (14) is adapted for thermal contact with an interface side (34) of the Peltier module (12). The Peltier module (12) has thermal properties which enables it to be cooled to a temperature below the predetermined upper temperature limit and thereafter maintain the interface side (34) of the Peltier module (12) at a temperature below the predetermined upper temperature limit for the duration of the test cycle.

Abstract: A method to apply a nerve inhibiting cloud surrounding a blood vessel includes creating a treatment plan, wherein the treatment plan prescribes application of the nerve inhibiting cloud towards at least a majority portion of a circumference of a blood vessel wall, and applying the nerve inhibiting cloud towards the majority portion of the circumference of the blood vessel wall for a time sufficient to inhibit a function of a nerve that surrounds the blood vessel wall.

Abstract: A method of treating an intervertebral disc includes inserting an introducer into an intervertebral disc, inserting a catheter through the introducer and into the intervertebral disc, advancing a distal region of the catheter through a nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc to an annular wall of an annulus fibrosus, delivering energy to material of the intervertebral disc using an electrode disposed at the distal region of the catheter, and removing the material with the delivered energy, wherein removing material with the delivered energy reduces pressure in the intervertebral disc.

Abstract: A system for treating meibomian gland dysfunction. A controller controls heat applied to the outside of the eyelid to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. A force is also applied to the outside of the patient's eyelid during the application of heat to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in the eyelid that causes convective heat loss. Thus, the application of force can further increase the temperature level and/or reduce the time to reach desired temperature levels for removing obstructions or occlusions. Reaching increased temperature levels may improve the melting, loosening, or softening of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands while reducing the amount of time to reach desired temperature levels and/or aid in reducing discomfort to the patient during treatment.

Abstract: A system for treating meibomian gland dysfunction. A controller controls heat applied to the inside of the eyelid to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. Temperatures at the meibomian glands reach desired levels more quickly and efficiently when heating the inside of the eyelid. Reaching such higher temperature levels may be instrumental in removing obstructions in the meibomian glands. Less time may also be required to reach desired temperature levels when applying heat to the inside of the eyelid. A force may also be applied to the inside of the patient's eyelid to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in the eyelid that causes convective heat loss.

Abstract: A cosmetic method for preventing an aggravation of skin condition accompanied with elasticity loss such as sag and a wrinkle is developed. The invention provides the method for preventing an elastic property loss specifically including the step of suppressing the increase in subcutaneous fat. In the step of the present invention for preventing the elastic property loss, the step of suppressing the increase in the subcutaneous fat may include a step of a thermal stimulation. In the step of the present invention for preventing the elastic property loss, the step may include a step of administering to a subject a composition which suppresses an increase in subcutaneous fat. The present invention provides a cosmetic method for preventing an aggravation of skin condition accompanied with elasticity loss, specifically including a step of applying to a skin a method for preventing the elastic property loss of skin.

Abstract: Materials and Methods for producing localized hypothermia in a patient for treatment of a weight disorder (e.g., obesity).

Abstract: The invention comprises an elongated device adapted for insertion, including self-insertion, through the body, especially the skull. The device has at least one effector or sensor and is configured to permit implantation of multiple functional components through a single entry site into the skull by directing the components at different angles. The device may be used to provide electrical, magnetic, and other stimulation therapy to a patient's brain. The lengths of the effectors, sensors, and other components may completely traverse skull thickness (at a diagonal angle) to barely protrude through to the brain's cortex. The components may directly contact the brain's cortex, but from there their signals can be directed to targets deeper within the brain. Effector lengths are directly proportional to their battery size and ability to store charge. Therefore, longer angled electrode effectors not limited by skull thickness permit longer-lasting batteries which expand treatment options.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for dermatological treatment that in some embodiments include contacting a plurality of cooling probes with an area of skin and maintaining the plurality of cooling probes in contact with the area of skin for a period of time while the distal ends of the plurality of cooling probes substantially cool a volume of tissue, thereby causing a beneficial effect as a result of the substantial cooling of the volume of tissue, as well as devices useful for implementing the method.

Abstract: A catheter is adapted to exchange heat with a body fluid, such as blood, flowing in a body conduit, such as a blood vessel. The catheter includes a shaft with a heat exchange region disposed at its distal end. This region may include hollow fibers which are adapted to receive a remotely cooled heat exchange fluid preferably flowing in a direction counter to that of the body fluid. The hollow fibers enhance the surface area of contact, as well as the mixing of both the heat exchange fluid and the body fluid. The catheter can be positioned to produce hypothermia in a selective area of the body or alternatively positioned to systemically cool the entire body system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for modulation of the sympathetic-parasympathetic balance by application of heat, carotid and/or ocular message to reduce sympathetic tone or increase parasympathetic tone in a target muscle system to relieve a symptom of urinary hesitancy, shy bladder syndrome, DESD, urinary retention, or laryngeal spasm, as well as to monitor the efficacy of treatments for bladder conditions and to assist in the passage of medical devices through bodily sphincters as well as to treat congestive heart failure.

Abstract: A catheter is adapted to exchange heat with a body fluid, such as blood, flowing in a body conduit, such as a blood vessel. The catheter includes a shaft with a heat exchange region disposed at its distal end. This region may include hollow fibers which are adapted to receive a remotely cooled heat exchange fluid preferably flowing in a direction counter to that of the body fluid. The hollow fibers enhance the surface area of contact, as well as the mixing of both the heat exchange fluid and the body fluid. The catheter can be positioned to produce hypothermia in a selective area of the body or alternatively positioned to systemically cool the entire body system.

Abstract: A catheter is adapted to exchange heat with a body fluid, such as blood, flowing in a body conduit, such as a blood vessel. The catheter includes a shaft with a heat exchange region disposed at its distal end. This region may include hollow fibers which are adapted to receive a remotely cooled heat exchange fluid preferably flowing in a direction counter to that of the body fluid. The hollow fibers enhance the surface area of contact, as well as the mixing of both the heat exchange fluid and the body fluid. The catheter can be positioned to produce hypothermia in a selective area of the body or alternatively positioned to systemically cool the entire body system.