Abstract: A dry suction refrigeration system includes an evaporator fed with liquid refrigerant which discharges a vapor refrigerant to an accumulator. A compressor receives vapor refrigerant from the accumulator and compressies the vapor refrigerant. A condenser receives the compressed vapor refrigerant from the compressor and transforms the refrigerant into liquid refrigerant. A receiver receives the liquid refrigerant from the condenser and supplies it to the evaporator. The evaporator includes an electronic expansion valve operable to continuously monitor the evaporation of liquid refrigerant in the evaporator and to continuously meter the flow of liquid refrigerant, so as to cause a complete vaporization of the liquid refrigerant. Because the liquid refrigerant is completely evaporated, the vapor refrigerant is moved through the system by pressure differential alone.

Abstract: An air conditioning system comprises a heat source side unit adapted to condense and supply a fluid which can change a phase between a gas phase and a liquid phase and a plurality of user side units entirely or mostly disposed below the heat source side unit in terms of number and connected to said heat source side unit by piping so as to establish a circulation of the fluid supplied from said heat source side unit passing through said heat source side unit and said user side units by utilizing the difference in specific gravity between the liquid phase and the gas phase of said liquid so that it can provide a cooling/heating effect regardless of the floors where the user side units are installed and the power consumption rate of the system can be minimized.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (1) on the secondary heat source, which exchanges heat with a heat exchanger (12) on the primary heat source in a primary cooling circuit (A), is connected with an indoor heat exchanger (3) through a gas pipe (6) and a liquid pipe (7), which are provided with solenoid valves (SV1, SV2), respectively. Only the solenoid valve (SV2) of the liquid pipe (7) is opened at the time of heat radiation of the heat exchanger (12) on the primary side and the liquid cooling medium is supplied from the heat exchanger (1) on the secondary side to the indoor heat exchanger (3) by the high vapor pressure of the cooling medium evaporated from the heat exchanger (1). Only the solenoid valve (SV1) of the gas pipe (6) is opened at the time of heat absorption of the heat exchanger (12) and the gas cooling medium is recovered from the indoor heat exchanger (3) to the heat exchanger (1) by the low vapor pressure of the cooling medium condensed by the heat exchanger (1).

Abstract: An evaporator for a capillary pumped loop, has: (a) a tubular wick for containing coolant liquid centrally therein, the body of the wick being saturated with the liquid coolant; (b) a tubular heat exchanger for receiving said wick; and (c) one or more longitudinal vapor channels between said wick and said heat exchanger, for transporting a vapor of the working liquid out of the evaporator; where this tubular wick comprises a porous organic/inorganic composite made by the sol-gel process. By replacing the conventional polyethylene wick with the composite wick, smaller pores, greater porosity, greater thermal stability, and other advantages are secured.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for cooling a medium. A fluid is moved tugh the medium and bubbles are induced in the fluid as it moves through the medium. The bubble formation is induced by applying an acoustic field to the fluid as it moves through the medium. A heat sink can be thermally coupled to the fluid downstream of the medium so that heat rejected during bubble contraction and collapse is passed to the heat sink. The pressure of the fluid, i.e. the velocity of the fluid, can also controlled so that the bubbles contract and collapse in the region of the heat sink.

Abstract: A higher temperature side unit having a higher temperature side compressor and a condenser to form a higher temperature refrigeration cycle is disposed at a position higher than a position where a lower temperature side unit forming a lower temperature refrigeration cycle is disposed. The higher temperature side unit is provided with a bypass passage which allows refrigerant to bypass the higher temperature side compressor. A shut-off valve is disposed in the bypass passage. When an open-air temperature sensed by an open-air thermometric sensor is low, the higher temperature side compressor is deactivated and the bypass passage is opened, so that refrigerant naturally circulates in the higher temperature refrigeration cycle.

Abstract: The heat transfer system of the present invention transfers heat from above to below by means of phase change of an operating fluid without applying power from outside, and it facilitates to keep balance between evaporation quantity of the operating fluid by an evaporator and return quantity of the operating fluid from a condenser to the evaporator by a heat driving pump, and to improve heat transfer efficiency, heat transfer distance and heat transfer quantity. For this purpose, the condenser 2 is provided at a position lower than the evaporator 1, and the heat driving pump 3 is installed along a flow passage to send the operating fluid 9 from the condenser 2 to the evaporator 1. In the heat driving pump 3, air bubbles generated by heating of the high temperature fluid are condensed by cooling with the low temperature fluid, and by pressure change generated, the operating fluid 9 is sent back from the condenser 2 to the evaporator 9.

Abstract: A thermoelectric refrigerant handling system that includes a chamber having an inlet path for receiving refrigerant from a source thereof and an outlet for delivering refrigerant in vapor phase. A thermoelectric element is operatively disposed between the chamber and the refrigerant inlet path, and is responsive to application of electrical energy for transferring heat from the inlet path to the chamber. In this way, heat is withdrawn from refrigerant at the inlet path and refrigerant is drawn into the inlet from the source, while heat is added to refrigerant in the chamber until the refrigerant is vaporized and driven by vapor pressure through the chamber outlet. A controller applies electrical energy to the thermoelectric element for transferring heat into the chamber to vaporize the refrigerant contained therein until the chamber is substantially empty of refrigerant, and then opens a valve to feed refrigerant from the inlet path to the chamber.

Abstract: An air treating device having a bellows box in which is mounted a bellows compressor formed of two spaced apart diaphragms having memory-shaped metal alloy elements embedded therein. The diaphragms are caused to contract and expand by selective heating of the memory-shaped metal alloy elements. The bellows compressor is supported spaced in the bellows box whereby air can flow through the box and as the bellows expand the air in the box is cooled and expelled. As the diaphragms of the bellows compressor contract, more air is sucked into the bellows box and at the same time the refrigerant fluid inside the bellows is expelled into a condenser where it is condensed to liquid. When the refrigerant liquid enters into the bellows it is vaporized and cools the bellows walls in their expanded state and the diaphragms act as a heat exchanger to cool air in said bellows box and expel it therefrom.

Abstract: A single assembly heat transfer device installed in an environmental control apparatus having a primary evaporator, a two-section heat pipe having an evaporator section and a condenser section, and an end plate. The primary evaporator, the evaporator section and the condenser section are mounted on the end plate, thereby forming a single assembly.

Abstract: A cooling system which is modular and capable of maintaining a variety of pre-selected temperatures for a plurality of liquids being dispensed and/or a plurality of spaces being air conditioned. A single refrigerator unit has a chilled glycol distribution line connected thereto and through which the chilled glycol is pumped. One or more cooler modules are tapped into the glycol distribution line at points wherever desired. The modules contain a low boiling refrigerant, a fluid tube carrying a relatively warm fluid (liquid or air), a cooling tube connected to the distribution line run and a flow control valve responsive to pressure changes in the module for permitting flow of chilled glycol thereinto and being adjustable to achieve the desired temperature of the fluid within the fluid tube.

Abstract: An air conditioning system uses heat-pipes in combination with a cooling coil to increase either the dehumidification capacity or the efficiency and capacity of an air-conditioning system. In the dehumidification mode, the secondary cooling coil is inactive, and the heat pipes operate as a heat exchanger between the warm return air and the cold supply air of the air conditioning system to precool the return air and reheat the supply air, increasing the latent capacity of the main cooling coil. In the efficiency and capacity boosting mode, the secondary cooling coil is activated by introducing a portion of the cooling fluid from the air-conditioning system. This results in a neutralization of the effect of the heat pipes as well as an increase in effective heat-exchange area between the cooling fluid and the air, therefore produces an increase in the capacity of the system.

Abstract: A process is provided for purifying liquid tungsten hexafluoride containing volatile and non-volatile impurities. The process comprises the steps of evaporating tungsten hexafluoride from non-volatile impurities dissolved in liquid tungsten hexafluoride and condensing the evaporated tungsten hexafluoride. The condensed tungsten hexafluoride is subjected to freezing to solidify the tungsten hexafluoride. Volatile impurities are then evacuated from the solid tungsten hexafluoride. Thereafter, the solid tungsten hexafluoride is thawed to liquid tungsten hexafluoride to release trapped volatile impurities and then heated to a temperature above the boiling point of tungsten hexafluoride under pressure in a closed container. The volatile impurities dissolved in the thawed tungsten hexafluoride are removed and collected above the thawed tungsten hexafluoride and vented into an evacuated space.

Abstract: A closed loop, recycle, condensing dual velocity, air stripper for the removal of organic contaminates from surface water and sub-surface water that provides a system completely different from current designs in that it does not transfer the problem from the water to the air, but removes the problem of organic contamination from the water without any open air discharge and therefore meets the standards of the 1990 Clean Air Act.

Abstract: A condenser for a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator which are sequentially disposed is disclosed. The condenser includes a plurality of tubes having opposite first and second open ends, and a plurality of fins disposed between the plurality of tubes. First and second header pipes are fixedly disposed at the opposite ends respectively, and the open ends of the tubes are disposed in fluid communication with the interior of the header pipes. The first header pipe has an inlet which links the condenser to an external element of the circuit. The second header pipe includes a wall partitioning an interior of the second header pipe into first and second isolated cavities which are linked by a pipe member. An outlet union joint is linked to the second cavity. In operation, the refrigerant condenses to a mist as it passes through the condenser into the first cavity.

Abstract: A pipe for a cooling unit comprises an outer pipe, and an inner pipe shorter than the outer pipe and located at an evaporating portion in the outer pipe, a circulation gap being defined between the inner wall surface of the outer pipe and the outer wall surface of the inner pipe and leading from one end to the other end of the inner pipe, whereby working liquid is permitted to boil up continuously and stably in the evaporating portion even uder a low temperature flow of working liquid.

Abstract: The invention concerns an isothermic container for transporting grafts at a constant temperature equal to +4.degree. C. For this purpose, the container according to the invention presents a thermal exchanger (6) realizing a thermal flow between a thermal source constituted in particular by ice and water at about 0.degree. C. and disposed preferably in the lid (1) of the container and a volume such as a peripheral enclosure (11).

Abstract: A volatile component is separated from a mixture by vaporization in an evaporator and condensation in a condenser. The vapor is transported by a carrier gas that is circulated in and between the evaporator and the condenser. A flow of a liquid is circulated in subsequent heat transfer steps from contact with the mixture via a cooler, via contact with the carrier gas in the condenser, via a heater, and back to contact with the mixture.

Abstract: A cooling plant load reduction mechanism utilizing "waste" heat for powering a rankine cycle device for the simultaneous additional cooling of a structure and production of electricity that substantially eliminates the need to purchase external power to run the device. Overall cost of producing cool air in a typical cooling process is thereby substantially reduced.

Abstract: A separate refrigeration system in a conventional refrigerator for dispensing a chilled carbonated liquid such as water or a beverage from the front door of the refrigerator and is comprised of a refrigerator having a freezer compartment wherein there is located a condenser. The condenser is interconnected with a combined evaporator-carbonator unit located in the front door. The freezer compartment accordingly acts as a heat sink for the condenser. The evaporator unit being integral with the carbonator, operates to chill the carbonator. When desirable, the condenser and evaporator can be replaced by a liquid heat transfer system having a heat absorbing coil assembly located in the carbonator and a heat dissipating coil assembly in the freezer compartment or by a constant temperature heat pipe having its heat dissipating end located in the freezer compartment while its heat absorbing end is located in the carbonator.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for buildings includes a plurality of air conditioners on the different floors, a cooling gravity type heat pipe connecting vaporizers in the air conditioners with a cold thermal source installed at the top of the building and a warming gravity type heat pipe connecting a condenser of the air conditioners with a hot thermal source installed in the basement of the building. The heat pipes are, respectively, provided with flow control valves at the inlet of each vaporizer and the outlet of each condenser. Each air conditioner is provided with a thermistor for detecting the temperature of the returning air and a liquid level detection switch for detecting the liquid level of the thermal medium in the vaporizer. The flow control valves are respectively controlled based on the detection signals issued by the thermistor and the liquid level detection switch.

Abstract: An evaporative cooling system is disclosed which uses a heat pipe device comprising first and second heat exchangers to transfer heat from the space being cooled to an evaporative cooler. Evaporative cooling is produced by passing atmospheric air over wet pads and the first heat exchanger. Evaporation of water removes heat from the atmospheric air and from the first heat exchanger containing refrigerant vapor, causing condensation of a portion of the vapor. The condensate moves to the second heat exchanger which contains liquid refrigerant. Room air is passed through the second heat exchanger and gives up heat to vaporize the liquid refrigerant. Vaporized refrigerant moves to the first heat exchanger where it is condensed as previously described. The cooled atmospheric air is then used to cool the condenser of a vapor compression machine, the evaporator of which is located in the flow path of the room air downstream of the heat pipe, further cooling the room air to desired conditions.

Abstract: In order to prevent icing of the cryogen, a device for liquefying a gas includes a heater provided in a cooling chamber at the output of a Sterling cycle engine. The heater is controlled by a gas pressure sensor in the cryostat in communication with the chamber and matches the cooling load to the cooling capacity of the Sterling cycle engine.

Abstract: An improved cold storage refrigeration system and method is presented. A first heat exchanger located in a cold storage unit is connected by means of a series of vertical pipes to a second heat exchanger located below the first heat exchanger within a refrigerated space, forming an integrated tube assembly. To charge the cold storage unit, the tube assembly is operated as the evaporator of a conventional refrigeration circuit. During non-powered cooling, a portion of refrigerant is sealed within the tube assembly. The refrigerant vaporizes in the second heat exchanger and condenses in the first heat exchanger, thereby transferring heat from the refrigerated space to the cold storage unit. Defrosting of the second heat exchanger is accomplished by removing refrigerant from the second heat exchanger and circulating air above 0 degrees centrigrade around it.

Abstract: The invention concerns a thermic machine comprising a reactor of the adsorption-desorption type, a condenser and an evaporator. According to the invention, the machine is constituted by a first vertical hermetic cylindrical tank section (1), traversed by a first hydraulic circuit (4) and containing the reactor, an envelope arranged at the periphery of the first tank section (1), which is connected to a second hydraulic circuit (6) and which together with the wall of the said first tank section (1) constitutes the condenser (5), and a second hermetic tank section (2) in communication with and arranged below tank section (1), the second tank section being traversed by a third hydraulic circuit (7) and constituting the evaporator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a superconducting apparatus comprising a superconducting coil and a cooling apparatus for cooling this superconducting coil. The cooling apparatus is constituted by a cooling medium circulating path for subjecting a cooling medium to a vaporization/liquefication cycle, and a temperature equalizing plate for effecting a uniform cooling of the superconducting coil by the cooling medium. The cooling medium circulating path is constituted by a pair of flowing-down parts through which a liquid cooling medium flows downwards by gravity, and a pair of vaporization parts through which the liquid cooling medium flows upwards while it is being vaporized. The temperature-equalizing plate covers the peripheral surface making one entire round of the superconducting coil around the axis of the coil. It is divided into at least two parts at its lower end, which are electrically insulated from each other.

Abstract: Low efficiency heat transfer in evaporators subject to unusual gravitational conditions is avoided through the use of a spiral evaporator conduit 12 receiving at an inlet 14 a vaporizable coolant at least partly in the liquid phase. Flow of the coolant through the conduit 12 demists the coolant by centrifuging the liquid phase against a pressurre wall 44 of the conduit 12. Vapor flow 40 induces counterrotating vortices 46, 48 which circulate the liquid phase coolant around the interior of the conduit 12 to wet all surfaces thereof.

Abstract: According to the present invention, improved cryogenic magnet systems for use in MRI devices are provided. These systems comprise an electromagnet immersed in a first tank containing a first liquefied gas. The first tank is located in an evacuated container that is evacuated to a high vacuum. A refrigerating system external to said evacuated container includes a second gas and a means for liquefying said second gas. A heat radiation shield means surrounding said first tank is cooled by the liquified second gas. Features of the invention include a thermal siphon for cooling the heat radiation shield and neon as the second gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for storing heat energy in the form of chemical energy comprises a first container for a liquid medium containing a non-volatile solute and a second container for a liquid medium containing the solute in a different concentration from that of the medium in the first container. The containers are communicated through a pair of liquid repellent, porous membranes, so that only the vapor can enter the opposite container, while transferring heat energy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing the cool outdoor air or other cooling sources for cooling a volume are disclosed. The system comprises at least two coils suitable fluid pipe line, fluid and a circulator pump. In the preferred embodiment, indoor and outdoor coils and the circulator are connected by circulation piping containing a heat transfer fluid, the fluid being isolated from ambient air. In winter the circulator pump is activated and warm fluid flows through the outdoor coil, causing the fluid in the coil to release heat, the coil fluid flows through the indoor coil, causing the fluid in the indoor coil to absorb heat. Such a system can be used to cool a volume when the ambient, outdoor air is cooler than the air within the volume.

Abstract: Process and Device for heat removal from the effective area of a cooling container with the application of dry-ice as cooling agent, where a refrigerant (e.g. FREON) is circulated in a closed pipe system.According to the construction and degree of charge the gravity cooling system (thermosyphon) or evaporation principle with natural circulation is used to take up the heat from interior space and to supply it to dry-ice as heat of sublimation.The systems of heat transfer are arranged in such a way that even for the inclined cooling container, e.g. at the time of aircraft take-off, at least half of the diagonally arranged heat transfer systems in the interior part are fully active to provide sufficient cooling.

Abstract: An evaporation-cooled gas insulated electrical apparatus comprising, in a housing, an electrical device generating heat when in operation, a condensable refrigerant convertible between liquid and vapor phases, and a noncondensable, electrically insulating gas. The condensable refrigerant and the noncondensable gas are selected so that the ratio V.sub.g /V.sub.1 of the gas phase volume V.sub.g and the liquid phase volume V.sub.1 is between 1 and 10, and so that the specific weight of the noncondensable gas is smaller than the specific weight of the vapor of the condensable refrigerant during operation, and so that the noncondensable gas and the condensable refrigerant vapor are separated due to the difference in their specific weights.

Abstract: A refrigerator has a main body. A compressor is provided in the bottom portion of the body, and a receiving box for housing electric appliances is arranged in the body above the compressor. A thermosiphon for conveying the heat from the compressor to the receiving box is provided in the body. The thermosiphon includes a heat receiving portion located in the vicinity of the compressor, an upper portion located in the vicinity of the receiving box, an advancing path extending from the heat receiving portion to the upper portion, and a returning path extending from the upper portion to the heat receiving portion. The upper portion is adhered to the body by a tape of aluminum foil, thereby having heat radiation efficiency higher than that of the advancing portion.

Abstract: Solid absorber apparatus for a discontinuously operable, cyclic absorption process comprising a housing; a solid absorber material provided in a plurality of juxtaposed chamber-like zones within the housing, the zones each having, in transverse cross-section, four sides which extend longitudinally within the housing, heat exchange means disposed along at least a portion of each of at least two but less than four sides of each of the zones whereby the zones are at least partially defined and separated from one another, and extending longitudinally within the housing, and adapted to carry alternatingly cooling and heating heat exchange medium so that at least a major portion of the heat flow between the absorber material and the respective heat exchange medium takes place across the sides of each of the zones; and a single vapor region defined within and extending longitudinally within the housing, being chargeable with a coolant vapor, being alternatively connectable with a condensor and an evaporator, and com

Abstract: A container has a cooled commodity storage part and a coolant storage part. The container contains at least one heat pipe along one container wall wherein the hot part of the heat pipe extends through the cooled commodity storage part, while the cold part of the heat pipe extends into the coolant storage part. The heat transfer in the cooled commodity part is improved by metal walls, with which the hot part of the heat pipe is in contact, and by ribs in the coolant part. This considerably increases the heat flow compared with known containers, so as to give a more uniform and better temperature distribution in the cooled commodity part and wherein the heat can be removed from points where higher heat losses occur.

Abstract: A plurality of upstanding cooling ducts in a condenser are closed at their upper ends and only a lower header which is disposed at the lower ends of the cooling ducts communicates a tank with the cooling ducts. In another embodiment, a check valve and a gas pump are disposed in an upper conduit connecting the tank to a common upper header communicating the cooling ducts with each other at their upper ends so as to discharge the noncondensable gas from the condenser to the tank. Further, a sensing device may be disposed to sense the interface between the noncondensable gas and the vapor refrigerant in the cooling ducts, and a controller may be disposed to compare the interface level sensed by the sensing device with a reference interface level set in the controller to control the gas pump such that the actual interface level is in conformity with the reference interface level.

Abstract: The region 1 to be cooled contains the evaporator of a heat pipe 2 which contains a diphase fluid adapted to the desired temperature between about 0.degree. and -100.degree. C. The condenser 7 of the heat pipe is cooled to a set temperature by a copper ring 8 which is cooled by a regulated liquid nitrogen current. Applications in the freeze trapping of solvents contained in a gaseous current.

Abstract: A constant pressure boiling cooling system including evaporators, a condenser and a liquid refrigerant sump, wherein the evaporators and the condenser are arranged substantially horizontally in side-by-side relation, and the first communicating tubes connect the upper portions of the evaporators to the upper portions of the condenser respectively, and the second communicating tubes connect the lower portions of the evaporators to the lower portions of the condenser respectively.

Abstract: Apparatus 10 for cooling liquid flowing in a pipeline 5, conveniently potable liquid such as beer stored in a bulk container 6 and dispensed at a dispenser 7, comprises a product coil 3 connected in the pipeline 5 and immersed in a liquid body 4 of a volatile liquid such as the refrigerant R12, body 4 being in fluidic communication with a vapor body 9 of the same volatile liquid in which there is immersed a refrigerant coil 2 connected to a refrigeration system 8. Bodies 4 and 9 may be housed in a single container 1 or individually housed in respective containers 11, 13A which are interconnected by a heat pipe 12A.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for machinery utilizing a vaporizable liquid refrigerant and constituted by a tank in which machinery to be cooled is immersed in the vaporizable liquid refrigerant sealed within the tank, a condensor disposed above the tank substantially horizontally, and distributing pipes connecting the tank with the condensor so as to convey the vapor produced from the vaporizable liquid refrigerant within the tank by the heat generated in the machinery to the condenser, and the vapor is condensed in the condenser, returning to the tank again through passages separately constituted in the distributing pipes.

Abstract: A refrigerated transport having an insulated enclosure and including a cryogen reservoir, e.g., high-pressure liquid cryogen or solid CO.sub.2. A plurality of thermosyphons associated with the walls and floor of the enclosure adjacent the interior skin intercept heat attempting to enter the enclosure. An intermediate heat sink draws the intercepted heat from the upper portions of the thermosyphons. The temperature of the heat sink is thermostatically controlled in a manner that the rate at which heat from the heat sink is absorbed by the cryogen is regulated to maintain the heat sink within a desired temperature range such that the thermosyphons will in turn maintain the enclosure and its product load at the desired subambient storage temperature.

Abstract: A compressor included in a refrigerative cycle is disposed in a refrigerator with a rear plate and side plates. The cooling device for the compressor includes a thermo-siphon which includes a closed pipe loop disposed independent of the refrigerative cycle to cool the compressor. The thermo-siphon contains a gaseous liquid refrigerant corresponding to 60% to 80% of the inner volume of the closed pipe loop and has a heat absorbing portion immersed in an oil stored in the compressor and a heat discharging portion at least a part of which thermally contacts the rear plate or the side plates.

Abstract: A three-way heat pipe configured in a generally Y-shape having a condenser-evaporator or heat-sink end, an evaporator arm and a condenser arm. In addition to conventional internal pumping the heat pipe is mechanically pumped externally from the heat-sink end to the evaporator arm. Heat transfer can take place between any two of the three elements by thermostatically controlling the external pump. Heat or cold may be stored in a suitable medium surrounding the condenser-evaporator end of the pipe for later transfer through the condenser or evaporator ends used as heat exchangers without a secondary circulation system. Heat transfer may also take place directly between the evaporator and condenser arms without storage. In the preferred embodiment of the heat storage configuration, a valve is placed in the condenser arm to prevent unwanted heat transfer.

Abstract: In a gas compression system, heat rejected from the prime mover and the compressor is transferred from them to the loads driven by the compressed gas. This heat transfer reduces the energy required from the prime mover for delivery of a given amount of energy by the output load, and hence increases the efficiency of the gas compression system.

Abstract: The two preferred and illustrated embodiments set forth downhole tool cooling systems. In a downhole oil well tool exposed to extremely high working temperatures, a cooling system is provided for the printed circuit boards and various electronic components thereon. In one embodiment, the cooling system incorporates a closed container having a bottom located sump, a pump for picking up and pumping liquid refrigerant from the sump, and a distribution line extending from the pump to spray the PC boards with refrigerant. Cooling is accomplished on vaporization, and refrigerant flows back to the bottom as it condenses. In the alternate embodiment, no pump is included. Rather, a heat sink is included at the top of a closed and thermally isolated chamber. The bottom includes a sump for refrigerant. In between, a mesh distributes droplets of condensing liquid over the surfaces of the PC boards to accomplish cooling.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for providing an air cooling operation during a load phase management shutdown of the air conditioning compressor utilizes a thermally insulated cold water tank for storing chilled water. The water is cooled by a free cooling effect using wet bulb temperature drop of a refrigerant circulating between a secondary coil in a condenser section of the air conditioning system and a heat exchanger in the chilled water tank located below the condenser. The secondary coil in the condenser is cooled by a waterspray which can advantageously be derived from the condensate obtained from the evaporator section during a compressor operation phase of the air conditioning system. The chilled water is supplied to a chilled water coil in an evaporator section to cool the air flow in a chilled water cooling operation when the air conditioning compressor is inoperative during the load management phase of the peak hour of the air conditioning system.

Abstract: An apparatus for transferring heat from a heat source to a heat sink using a vaporizable liquid wherein the vaporizable liquid is heated in an evaporator so that some of the liquid vaporizes to propel the remaining heated liquid to a condenser, where heat is transferred from the heated liquid to the condenser predominantly by forced convection, and wherein the cooled liquid and condensed vapor are returned to the evaporator for reheating, and further wherein a restriction is disposed in the liquid/condensate return path to prevent vapor from the evaporator from flowing to the condenser through the return path.

Abstract: A heating system employing a heat pump, which is provided with a source of heat created by a second system employing refrigerant as a heat transfer medium, is provided. In the second system the refrigerant passes through a structure wherein the refrigerant is boiled. The refrigerant is then passed by vapor pressure to a heat exchange structure where it gives off heat. The heat energy for boiling such refrigerant may be a readily available source of heat such as the ground, or a water storage system such as a pond, lake, swimming pool, river, well, or creek.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for use in an air valve heat pump including a modulating restriction means and method of controlling the level of liquid in the system condenser. The restriction means includes a pair of capillary tubes in series flow arrangement and a sonic restrictor connected at one end to the inlet of the downstream capillary tube and at its other end at a point on the condenser where refrigeration in liquid state is required.

Abstract: A mechanically assisted evaporator layer for use in both open and evacuated heat transfer systems, in which a pump and spray nozzle operate in conjunction with a sintered metal evaporator layer to reduce the temperature difference required to transfer heat across the thickness of the surface and to permit smaller temperature differences and higher power densities in transferring heat. Liquid is pumped to and sprayed from a nozzle onto the sintered metal layer to keep the entire surface wetted at all times so as to permit uniform thin film evaporation from the surface. The continual presence of liquid at the outer evaporative boundary reduces the likelihood of surface dryout while the thermal conductivity of the sintered metal promotes more effective vaporization.