Abstract: A rigid or semi-rigid demister pad is positioned between an air turbine and an inertial water removal device such as extractor in an air conditioning system for an aircraft. The demister pad comprises packed fibers or strands whose diameter typically ranges from approximately 10 or fewer microns to approximately 280 microns. The demister is capable of catching very small droplets discharged from the air turbine that coalesce into larger droplets that exit the demister pad and enter an adjacent water removal device downstream from the pad to separate the larger water droplets from the stream of air. This avoids using a water separator containing a coalescer bag that requires frequent maintenance and is sensitive to dirt and freezing. The demister can operate at freezing temperature, is not dirt-sensitive and requires no maintenance.

Abstract: Heat engines move heat from a source to a sink. In a subset of heat engines, called heat pumps, the temperature of the source is below that of the sink. A subset of heat pumps, called working-fluid heat pumps, accomplishes the heat-pumping function by varying the temperature of a working fluid over a range that includes the temperatures of both the source and the sink. A subset of working fluid heat pumps, called Bernoulli heat pumps, accomplish this temperature variation of the working fluid by means of Bernoulli conversion of random molecular motion into directed motion (flow). This invention is a Bernoulli heat pump in which Bernoulli conversion is accomplished using a rotating disk, similar to those used in computers for data storage. Most working fluid heat pumps used for cooling and heating accomplish the temperature variation by compression of the working fluid. In contrast to compression, Bernoulli conversion consumes no energy.

Abstract: Improvements to a rotating-vane integral compressor/expander are outlined to significantly improve efficiency. A method to simply achieve variable-flow operation is also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of operating an aircraft system, in particular for the purpose of fresh air supply, air-conditioning and pressurization of an aircraft cabin, having a first compressed air source formed by a first compressor charged with ambient air, ram air and/or precompressed air and driven by means of at least one motor and/or of at least one turbine and whose outlet is in direct or indirect communication with an aircraft cabin, said aircraft system having at least one second compressed air source whose outlet can be connected directly or indirectly to the aircraft cabin, wherein only the first compressed air source is in communication with the aircraft cabin in a first operating mode, wherein both the first and the second compressed air sources are in communication with the aircraft cabin in a second operating mode, and wherein the selection of the operating mode depends on the pressure of the ambient air such that the first operating mode is set at a high pressure of the ambien

Abstract: An ECS system includes an ACM mounted adjacent an air-liquid heat exchanger through a diffuser that contains a diffuser plate. The diffuser plate receives airflow from the ACM which strikes the diffuser plate and flows radially outward and around the diffuser plate and into the air-liquid heat exchanger to provide minimal pressure loss and proper flow distribution into the air-liquid heat exchanger with significantly less packaging space.

Abstract: A first and a second expansion and compression machine (30, 40) having different volume ratios (Vc/Ve) are connected in parallel to a refrigerant circuit (10) of a refrigeration apparatus. Expanders (31, 41) of the expansion and compression machines (30, 40) are connected in parallel. Compressors (32, 42) of the expansion and compression machines (30, 40) are also connected in parallel. Upon variation in the operating condition of the refrigeration apparatus, the ratio of rotation speed between the expansion and compression machines (30, 40) is controlled by a controller (60). This, as a result, allows the refrigeration apparatus to operate at a COP close to an ideal condition.

Abstract: A gas pressure reducer comprising at least one gas expansion device for allowing the gas to expand and thereby reduce in pressure, and at least one means for raising the temperature of the gas in the vicinity of the gas expansion device and wherein the means for raising the temperature of the gas comprises a liquid or solid fuel heater or a liquid fuelled engine.

Abstract: An integrated gasification combined cycle system is provided. The integrated gasification combined cycle system includes an air compressor coupled in flow communication to an air separation unit, a condensate heater coupled in flow communication with the air compressor, and a condenser coupled in flow communication with the condensate heater. The condensate heater and the air compressor are coupled such that a portion of compressed air generated by the air compressor is channeled to the condensate heater. A method of assembling an integrated gasification combined cycle system is also provided.

Abstract: A rotary compressor, in which formulas Rc<Rm+e and RC?Rs+e are established, when the radius of a main shaft is Rm, the radius of a countershaft is Rs, the radius of a crankshaft is Rc, and the eccentricity is e, a connecting part has a A-periphery which is formed on the counter-eccentric side periphery of the second crankshaft, and a B-periphery formed on the counter-eccentric side periphery of a first crankshaft, and a formula H>L?H?Cr?Cs is established, when the axial direction of the connecting part is L, the axial length of the first roller is H, the axial length of a bevel formed at the inside edge of the first roller is Cr, and the axial direction of a bevel of the second crankshaft is Cs.

Abstract: A system (10) for cooling a thermally loaded device on board an aircraft comprises a distribution line (12) which is in communication with an installation space (14) of the thermally loaded device, a coolant supply line (20) which is in communication with a coolant source, and a heat removal line (28) which is in communication with a source of pressure below atmospheric pressure. A shut-off control device (34) is adapted so as, in a first position, to separate the distribution line (12) from the coolant supply line (20) and connect the distribution line (12) to the heat removal line (28) and, in a second position, to connect the distribution line (12) to the coolant supply line (20) and separate the distribution line (12) from the heat removal line (28).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooler arrangement in a vehicle powered by a combustion engine. The cooler arrangement comprises a first cooling element for cooling a first medium in the form of a circulating coolant, and a radiator fan adapted to generating an air flow through the first cooling element for cooling the coolant when it circulates through the first cooling element. The cooler arrangement comprises also a tubular casing adapted to serving as a flow passage for the air which passes through the first cooling element and at least one further cooling element for cooling a second medium, which further cooling element is arranged in the flow passage at a position downstream of the first cooling element with respect to the intended direction of flow of the cooling air through the flow passage.

Abstract: This invention provides heat engines based on various structures of internal combustion engines, such as a four-stroke piston-type combustion engine, two-stroke piston-type combustion engine, rotary combustion engine, or a free-piston type combustion engine. Said heat engine is provided with at least a heating chamber per piston or rotor, a heat exchanger unit disposed within said heating chamber through which thermal energy is extracted from a heat source and at least a port leading to a working chamber space from said heating chamber, and has a significantly increased heat transfer duration from the heat source to the working fluid within said heating chamber without increasing the number of strokes per power stroke in a cycle. Additionally, said heat engine is provided with an over expansion mechanism in conjunction with a compression means for intake charge.

Abstract: A modular cooling system includes a compressor and a microchannel heat exchanger for cooling a heat generating device such as a semiconductor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for determining refrigerant charge in a vapor compressor system (VCS) of an aircraft. The methods and apparatus comprise the following steps of, and/or means for, generating a data set from historical data representative of a plurality of VCS operating conditions over time, identifying one or more steady-state data points in the generated data set, forming a revised data set that includes at least the steady-state data points, using principal components analysis (PCA) to derive values for a plurality of minimally correlated input variables, supplying the derived values for the plurality of minimally correlated input variables and the corresponding values for the VCS refrigerant charge in the revised data set to a nonlinear neural network model, and deriving a simulator model characterizing a relationship between the plurality of minimally correlated input variables and the VCS refrigerant charge.

Abstract: An integrated air conditioner of high convenience capable of reducing the frequency of discharge of water collected in a drain pan by suitably controlling the operation of a water feed device according to the mode of use of the air conditioner. The air conditioner of the present invention has an air intake port 25 and an exhaust port 24 for drawing in and expelling of air for cooling a condenser 3. The air intake port 25 and the exhaust port 24 are formed in a cabinet 1. An air intake duct 26 and an exhaust duct 7 can be fitted to the air intake port 25 and the exhaust port 24, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a desalination method and system that uses freeze crystallization technology that incorporates the use of compressed air energy as the source for freezing temperatures. When compressed air is released by a turbo expander, chilled air is produced as a by-product, wherein the chilled air is introduced into a crystallization chamber. Also injected into the chamber is a spray cloud of seawater droplets, which has been pre-chilled by heat exchange with the cold chamber walls, and which is then circulated and exposed to the chilled air in the chamber. The sizes of the droplets can vary, but are preferably predetermined, along with the relative temperatures, flows and speeds of the spray and chilled air, such that when the droplets are circulated within the chilled air, and settle at the bottom of the chamber, they are deposited at slightly above the eutectic temperature.

Abstract: Air-conditioning system (10) for aircraft, in particular for commercial aircraft, with a bleed air source (12), a bleed air line (22-30) comprising a main valve (16), and an air-conditioning unit (32), wherein a mass air flow conveyed from the bleed air source (12) through the bleed air line (22-30) to the air-conditioning unit (32) can be controlled by means of the main valve (16). According to the invention it is envisaged that a by-pass line (36-50, 58, 60) comprising a by-pass valve (34) and by-passing at least a part (22-26, 16) of the bleed air line, is present between the bleed air source (12) and the air-conditioning unit (32).

Abstract: A refrigeration system that includes at least one semi-closed air-refrigerated chamber and an air-cycle refrigeration loop for drawing air from the refrigerated chamber(s), cools the air, and returns the now-cooled air to the refrigerated chamber(s). The refrigeration loop includes various compression, expansion and heat transfer stages for cooling the air drawn from the refrigerated chamber(s). The air within the refrigerated chamber and air infiltrating into the refrigerated chamber(s) will typically contain moisture. A positive-pressure cyclone separator located between a final expansion stage and the refrigerated chamber(s) removes snow created in the final expansion stage due to moisture in the air drawn from the refrigerated chamber(s).

Abstract: Heat pumps move heat from a source to a higher temperature heat sink. This invention enables spontaneous source-to-sink heat transfer. Spontaneous heat transfer is accomplished by conducting heat from the source through rotating disks to a portion of the generally warmer sink flow that is cooled to a temperature below that of the source by the Bernoulli effect. The nozzled flow required for Bernoulli cooling is provided by the corotating disk pairs. The distance between the opposing surfaces of the disk pair decreases with distance from the rotation axis, forming a nozzle. The heat-sink flow through the nozzle is maintained by centrifugal force caused by the circular motion of the gas near the disk surfaces. Embodiments of the invention differ in the paths followed by the source and sink fluid flows, by the number of disk pairs and by the state (gas or liquid.) of the heat source.

Abstract: A cooling system for an aircraft has a refrigerant system to cool a second fluid for a use associated with an aircraft. A valve is operable to route the second fluid to be cooled by the refrigerant under a first set of conditions, and to route the second fluid to be cooled by ambient air from outside of the aircraft under a second set of conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments of a heat transfer apparatus, and related methods, involve a first flow path through at least one neck portion defined by at least one boundary wall, a first heat source external to and in thermal communication with the at least one boundary wall, an inflow portion in fluid communication with the first flow path, an outflow portion in fluid communication with the first flow path, and a drive system for driving a first fluid through the first flow path, whereby heat is transferred from the first heat source to the first fluid as it flows through the first flow path.

Abstract: Embodiments of a heat transfer apparatus, and related methods, involve a radial array of blades including a plurality of blades arranged about a central portion defining an entrance flow path, the plurality of blades defining a first flow path therebetween, a first heat source in thermal communication with the blades, and a drive system for driving a first fluid into the central portion through the entrance flow path and out through the first flow path between adjacent blades whereby heat is transferred from the first heat source to the first fluid flowing within the first flow path.

Abstract: Embodiments of a heat transfer apparatus, and related methods, involve a first flow path through a neck portion of a venturi defined by at least one boundary wall, a first heat source external to and in thermal communication with the boundary wall, and a drive system for driving a first fluid through the neck portion, whereby heat is transferred from the first heat source to the first fluid through the boundary wall.

Abstract: An aircraft air-conditioning unit (10) includes a compressor (18) and a motor (20) driving the compressor (18). A fuel cell system (24) is connected directly to a control unit (22) for controlling the motor (20) driving the compressor (18), wherein the control unit (22) is adapted to convert electrical energy directly generated by the fuel cell system (24) into corresponding electrical control signals for controlling the motor (20) driving the compressor (18). In a method for operating an aircraft air-conditioning unit (10), which includes a compressor (18) and a motor (20) driving the compressor (18), a control unit (22) for controlling the motor (20) driving the compressor (18), which is directly connected to a fuel cell system (24), converts electrical energy directly generated by the fuel cell system (24) into corresponding electrical control signals for controlling the motor (20) driving the compressor (18).

Abstract: A rotary compressor includes a compressing section including a cylindrical cylinder, two end plates closing both ends of the cylinder, respectively, and a piston held by an eccentric section of a rotary shaft driven to rotate by a motor. A working chamber is formed between the piston and the cylinder inner wall. The rotary compressor also includes a vane protruding from within a vane groove of the cylinder into the working chamber; an airtight compressor housing accommodating therein the compressing section; a suction hole provided in the cylinder and communicating the suction chamber with a low-pressure side of a refrigerating cycle; and a discharge hole provided in one of the end plates and communicating the compression chamber with a high-pressure side of the refrigerating cycle. An auxiliary discharge hole different from the discharge hole is provided in the one end plate.

Abstract: A test chamber that is capable of operating in a mode where the temperature of the chamber is efficiently cooled without removing a substantial amount of moisture from the air. In one aspect, the test chamber includes a structure defining a work space having air, and a temperature control system (e.g., a refrigeration system having a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator valve). The temperature control system includes a heat exchanger (e.g., an evaporator) positioned to communicate with the air in the work space, a source of cold fluid (e.g., a compressed, condensed, and throttled refrigerant) coupled to the heat exchanger, a source of hot fluid (e.g., compressed refrigerant gas) coupled to the heat exchanger, and a controller for controlling a mixture of cold fluid and hot fluid entering the heat exchanger (e.g., by adjusting a cold fluid valve and/or a hot fluid valve).

Abstract: A portable vapor cycle air conditioning unit for small aircraft includes a single portable module housing an evaporator, a condenser and cooling coils operably connected together. The module is designed to be positioned within a cabin of the small aircraft so that cabin air is drawn into a cabin air inlet in the module, passes over the cooling coils, and is expelled through a cabin air outlet. Air ducts are coupled to the module for conveying fresh air from a window of the small aircraft and waist heat air to a window of the small aircraft. A blower in the module is coupled to direct the fresh air over the condenser and direct the waist heat out through the window. A venturi system in the module is positioned to draw condensate from the evaporator and expel the condensate with the waist heat air.

Abstract: A magnetic bearing device includes a main shaft (13), a flange shaped thrust plate (13a) coaxially mounted on the main shaft so as to extend perpendicular to the main shaft and made of a ferromagnetic material, a rolling bearing unit for supporting a radial load and a magnetic bearing unit for supporting one or both of an axial load and a bearing preload, an electromagnet (17) fitted to a spindle housing (14) so as to confront the thrust plate, without contact, a sensor (18) for detecting an axial force acting on the main shaft, and a controller (19) for controlling the electromagnet in response to an output from the sensor. In this magnetic bearing device, the stiffness of a composite spring formed by the rolling bearing unit and a support system for the rolling bearing unit is so chosen as to be higher than the negative stiffness of the electromagnet.

Abstract: Heat exchangers of a refrigerant circuit 50 are constructed of a first adsorption heat exchanger 51 and a second adsorption heat exchanger 52, both of which have an adsorbent supported thereon, and are constructed so as to be switched into an evaporator and a condenser. An air passage 60 is constructed so as to be switched into states in which air flowing from the outside of a room to the inside of the room and air flowing from the inside of the room to the outside of the room flow through either of the first adsorption heat exchanger 51 and the second adsorption heat exchanger 52.

Abstract: An air conditioning unit is disclosed for motor vehicles. The air conditioning unit includes with a compression refrigerant circuit where a refrigerant circulates, comprising comprehensively switched in series with respect to fluid flow at least one compressor upstream of a heat-delivering heat exchanger, and an expansion element upstream of a heat-absorbing heat exchanger, whereby into the flow path leading from the outlet of the heat-delivering heat exchanger to the expansion element an additional heat exchanger is integrated thermally coupled to at least one cooling means the temperature of which can be put to values below the temperature of the refrigerant in the compression refrigeration circuit at the position of the refrigerant's outflow from the heat-delivering heat exchanger, and a method for its operation.

Abstract: A multistage compressor unit consisting of a low-pressure charging device having a low-pressure compressor housing, a high-pressure charging device having a high-pressure compressor housing and a cooling device, characterised in that the cooling device comprises a cooling device housing and the cooling device housing of the cooling device is indirectly connected to the low-pressure compressor housing of the low-pressure charging device and the high-pressure compressor housing of the high-pressure charging device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air-conditioning system, in particular an air-conditioning system for the air-conditioning of a passenger cabin of an airplane, having at least one heat exchanger arranged in a stagnation air passage for the cooling of compressed air and having at least one first shaft device and one second shaft device, with the heat exchanger including at least one first heat exchanger unit and one second heat exchanger unit separate from it on the compressed air side, which are arranged in the common stagnation air passage and of which a respective one is in communication on the compressed air side with a respective one of the shaft devices, with the shaft devices having compressors which are in respective communication on the outlet side with the inlet of the heat exchanger units on the compressed air side. The compressors are acted on by stagnation air or environmental air on the inlet side and are driven by means of one or more motors.

Abstract: A positive displacement expander includes a volume change mechanism (90) for changing the volume of a first fluid chamber (72) of an expansion mechanism (60). The expansion mechanism (60) includes a first rotary mechanism (70) and a second rotary mechanism (80) each having a cylinder (71, 81) containing a rotor (75, 85). The first fluid chamber (72) of the first rotary mechanism (70) and a second fluid chamber (82) of the second rotary mechanism (80) are in fluid communication with each other to form an actuation chamber (66). Meanwhile, the first fluid chamber (72) of the first rotary mechanism (70) is smaller than the second fluid chamber (82) of the second rotary mechanism (80). The volume change mechanism (90) includes an auxiliary chamber (93) fluidly communicating with the first fluid chamber (72) and an auxiliary piston (92) for changing the volume of the auxiliary chamber (93). The auxiliary chamber (93) is in fluid communication with the first fluid chamber (72) of the first rotary mechanism (70).

Abstract: The unit (1) comprises a positive-displacement compressor (2) including: a prime mover (4), a rotatable shaft (5) rotatable by the prime mover (4), and at least one cylinder (7-10) in which an associated piston (11, 12), coupled to the shaft (5) by means of a crank mechanism (13, 14), is mounted for sliding in a leaktight manner; and a heat-exchanger unit (3) for receiving and cooling the compressed fluid produced by the compressor (2). The unit comprises at least one tapping duct (41; 41a, 41b) extending between the heat-exchanger unit (3) and that region of the at least one cylinder (7-10) which is disposed between the associated piston and the shaft (5), the duct being suitable for supplying a flow of compressed fluid to that region in operation in a manner such that the flow of fluid can expand and be cooled further in that region.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides an air conditioning system located upstream of the inlet system for a gas turbine. The air conditioning system may comprise at least one conditioning module for adjusting the temperature of the airstream. The at least one conditioning module may have a plurality of forms including at least one of the following systems: a chiller, an evaporative cooler; a spray cooler, or combinations thereof. The specific form of the at least one conditioning module may be determined in part the configuration of the gas turbine.

Abstract: An aircraft air conditioning system includes an air supply system (engine bleed or cabin air compressor taking ambient air and pressurizing it at or above cabin pressure) and a cooling system (air cycle or vapor cycle cooling packs to reject heat outside the vessel). These systems can exist as independent systems or combined into a single unit. Air supply and cooling are powered from either engine bleed air or electric power. In order to increase the airflow through the cabin, some cabin air is re-circulated and mixed with fresh air from the air supply system.

Abstract: A distributed refrigeration appliance system for use in a residential kitchen and other locations in a dwelling and includes multiple separate refrigeration appliance modules, a central cooling system and a cooling circuit. The system can also include one or more satellite stations having a heat exchanger and arranged for supplying chilled air to one or more refrigeration appliance modules. One or more refrigeration appliance modules can include a thermal cascade cooling device to cool the module to lower temperatures than the cooling circuit can attain. One or more refrigeration appliance modules can be refrigeration/storage modules that can provide refrigerated, unconditioned or heated storage space. The central cooling system can be a vapor compression system having a refrigerant circuit connecting the modules. Alternately, the central cooling system can cool a secondary cooling medium circuit.

Abstract: This invention provides a refrigerator using a gaseous working fluid such as air and based upon the well-developed structure of reciprocating compressors or rotating engines. The invention combines the compression functionality of a compressor and the expansion functionality of a turbine in an air cycle machine into a single refrigeration unit having a simple mechanical structure, and provides a significantly increased heat removal time period before the expansion stroke to reduce the temperature of the working fluid under a substantially constant volume without increasing the number of strokes per discharge in a cycle. Moreover, the need of using a man-made chemical as the working fluid is eliminated. Said refrigerator system comprises at least a piston and cylinder assembly including a piston reciprocatingly mounted within the cylinder space, and at least two cooling chambers associated with said cylinder.

Abstract: The present invention related to cooling systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system for cooling one or more parts of a building and or processes comprising a compressor, a condenser having an inlet and an outlet and a plurality of condenser cooling fans, a receiver, a liquid refrigerant pump, an expansion device, an evaporator, the evaporator being surrounded by a chiller barrel having a cooled water return and a chilled water supply line, and refrigerant line means interconnecting the compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator in series, in a closed loop for circulating refrigerant therethrough; means for switching the cooling system between free cooling and mechanical cooling and means for actively floating the head pressure in both mechanical and free cooling modes.

Abstract: The present invention includes an adsorbent sub-system to concentrate water vapor from an incoming pressurized air stream to a level that allows efficient water condensation with ambient air as the single cooling source. The heat released when condensing the water is transferred to the ambient air, without affecting the cooling capacity of the system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat pump including: a compressor; a radiator; a first throttling device having a variable opening; an expander; a second throttling device having a variable opening; an evaporator; piping that connects the compressor, the radiator, the first throttling device, the expander, the second throttling device, and the evaporator so that refrigerant circulates thorough the elements in that order; and a control device for controlling the opening of the first throttling device and the opening of the second throttling device. This heat pump is capable of independently controlling the pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the expander (intermediate pressure) and pressure in a high-pressure side of a refrigeration cycle, and also is capable of size reduction, or in some cases elimination, of a receiver for the refrigerant.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system for a vehicle according to the present invention has an ECU which executes a control routine for controlling the cooling performance of a refrigeration circuit during vehicle acceleration. The control routine includes the steps of detecting demanded vehicle-acceleration degree, detecting evaporator exit air temperature at the time vehicle acceleration starts, selecting acceleration-period cooling performance on the basis of the demanded acceleration degree and the exit air temperature, and outputting a capacity control signal to a compressor on the basis of the acceleration-period cooling performance selected.

Abstract: A cooling device for electronic components has a main body, a motor, an adaptor tube, a shaft, a valve assembly, a reservoir, and a delivery tube. The motor is mounted in the main body. The adaptor tube is mounted between the main body and the reservoir and is gradually smaller in diameter from the main body to the reservoir. The shaft connects to the motor, extends into the adaptor tube and has multiple fan blades corresponding to the inside diameter of the adaptor tube. The fan blades blow the air through the adaptor tube into the reservoir to pressurize the air. The pressurized air flows through the delivery tube to contact the electronic component and equalizes to correspond to the atmosphere. The equalizing process of the pressurized air absorbs heat from the electronic component as it expands to cool the electronic component.

Abstract: An air conditioning system is provided with a cooling air ram that includes both air-to-air heat exchangers, and a liquid sink heat exchanger. The liquid sink heat exchanger receives a cooling fluid that has been utilized to cool a power electronics control for an electric motor. The liquid sink heat exchanger is necessary to properly cool the power electronics control, and by including it in the same cooling air ram with the air-to-air heat exchangers, there is no need for additional ram air cooling circuits to be added to the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: Heat pumps move heat from a source to a warmer sink, with Bernoulli heat pumps accomplishing this movement by reducing the temperature in a portion of the generally-warmer heat-sink flow. Heat flows spontaneously from the generally cooler heat-source flow into the locally cold portion of the heat-sink flow, which is the neck of a Venturi. The temperature reduction results from the Bernoulli conversion of random gas-particle motion (temperature and pressure) into directed motion (flow). This invention is a Bernoulli heat pump in which the heat transfer into the Venturi neck exploits unusual thermodynamic transport properties of rare-gases. Rare gases, especially mixtures of them, possess unusually small Prandtl numbers and thereby facilitate the diffusion of random particle motion (heat) relative to the diffusion of directed particle motion (viscosity), viscous friction being responsible for most of the power consumed by a Bernoulli heat pump.

Abstract: An air refrigerant cooling apparatus has magnetic bearings with high reliability and high efficiency. The air refrigerant cooling apparatus includes a motor having a first magnetic bearing and a second magnetic bearing for supporting a shaft, a compressor and an expansion turbine. The compressor is connected to the shaft and separated from the first magnetic bearing by a first labyrinth. The expansion turbine is connected to the shaft and separated from the second magnetic bearing by a second labyrinth. Pressure differences are generated between spaces where the first magnetic bearing and the second magnetic bearing are provided and respective inlet of the compressor and outlet of the expansion turbine by an external pressure outside the motor.

Abstract: A device (10) for supplying preconditioned air to an aircraft on the ground, comprises a compressed air inlet (16) and a compressed air hose (34) having a first end connected to the compressed air inlet (16) and an opposite second end for connect to a remote, ground-based, compressed air unit. Expander means (14) are situated downstream of the compressed air inlet (16) for allowing the compressed air to expand to lower pressure and temperature. The device (10) further includes an ambient air inlet (24) and a mixing chamber (22) downstream of the expander means (14) and communicating with the ambient air inlet (24) wherein mixing of ambient air with the expanded, cold air is controlled in such a way as to elaborate preconditioned air at the desired temperature. A connection hose (28) has a first end in communication with said mixing chamber and a second end to be connected to an aircraft on the ground.

Abstract: An inventive air conditioning system includes an air conditioning pack for receiving pressurized air and converting the pressurized air into conditioned air for an aircraft. Pressurized air is provided by a compressed air supply system that is fluidly connected to the air conditioning pack for providing air to the air conditioning pack. The compressed air system includes a compressor driven by an electric motor. The electric motor is commanded by a controller to provide pressurized air when needed. In particular, the controller commands the electric motor based upon a desired conditioned airflow that is to be provided by the air conditioning pack. For high altitude aircraft, applications, a diffuser is used to increase the efficiency of the compressor within the compressed air supply system.

Abstract: An environmental control system for an aircraft having an air pump that is powered by bleed air from an engine of the aircraft. Although the air pump is powered by engine bleed air, the air pump draws ambient fresh air from outside the aircraft, compresses the fresh air to a predetermined pressure and pumps compressed fresh air into the pressurized cabin of the aircraft without ever exposing the fresh air to the compressed engine air. To heat the compressed fresh air, heat from the engine bleed air can be transferred to the compressed fresh air with a heat exchanger. However, although heat is exchanged between the engine bleed air and the compressed fresh air, the two flows of air are kept separate and are never mixed.

Abstract: Cooling air provided to a compressor air inlet such that water vapor in the inlet air condenses to lower a moisture content of the air provided to the compressor.