Abstract: A refrigerant dryer, in particular a compressed air refrigerant dryer, is provided for drying a gaseous fluid while cooling the gaseous fluid using a refrigerant. The dryer includes a pressure fluid-refrigerant agent-heat exchanger (30) in which a cooling of the gaseous fluid takes place directly or indirectly by a refrigerant conveyed in a primary loop (16), one or more refrigerant compressor/compressors (24) for operating the primary loop, and a cold accumulator (13) with an accumulator-side heat exchanger (20) which couples an accumulator discharge fluid to a cold accumulator medium (14). The pressure fluid-refrigerant agent-heat exchanger (30) and the cold accumulator (13) are fluidically connected or can be brought into fluidic connection via a discharge loop (15) for an accumulator discharge fluid.

Abstract: A rigid-walled, block-shaped box is internally provided with a compartment arranged adjacent to a vertical wall of the box and having a first chamber with a first window open to the inside of the container and a second window open to the outside, and a second chamber with a third window open to the inside of the container and a fourth window open to the outside. The windows are each provided with a shutter. A mass of phase change material is housed within the compartment between said first chamber and second chamber, for absorbing heat from the air flowing from one chamber to the other chamber when said first window and third window are open and said second window and fourth window are closed, and releasing heat to the air flowing from one chamber to the other chamber when said first window and third window are closed and said second window and fourth window are open.

Abstract: In an air conditioning unit for a car, which air conditioning unit has a refrigerant circuit with a primary consumer branch having a compressor, condenser, and an evaporator, which air conditioning unit also has at least one auxiliary consumer branch that is connected parallel to the primary consumer branch and has a cold accumulator and its own evaporator, a stop valve is arranged in front of each evaporator. After operational phases charging the cold accumulator, the stop valve of the primary consumer branch is regularly opened for only a predetermined opening time that depends on particular operating parameters. The substantial operating parameters are the air inlet temperature and the air mass flow at the evaporator of the primary consumer branch.

Abstract: A system, configured to be disposed in a information technology equipment rack for providing ice thermal storage, includes a tank configured to hold water, a heat exchanger disposed in water in the tank and configured to convey a two-phase liquid and vapor refrigerant and to transfer heat between the water and the refrigerant, a first valve connected to a liquid and a vapor refrigerant line and configured to selectively connect the liquid refrigerant line to a first port and the vapor refrigerant line to a second port in a first mode and to connect the liquid refrigerant line to the second port and the vapor refrigerant line to the first port in a second mode, a thermostatic expansion valve connected to an inlet of the heat exchanger, and a liquid/vapor pump connected to an outlet of the heat exchanger and to the second port of the first valve.

Abstract: An air/refrigerant heat exchanger includes a plurality of coiled tubes. A first tube of the plurality of coiled tubes has a phase change material therein. A second tube of the plurality of coiled tubes has a flow of cooled refrigerant flowing therethrough and the first tube is in thermal contact with the second tube. A third tube of the plurality of coiled tubes has a flow of air flowing therethrough and the third tube is in thermal contact with the first tube and the second tube.

Abstract: A coffee machine (1) is described, comprising a boiler (23), a pump (21), and an infusion unit (27) for producing coffee, which is further provided with an auxiliary circuit (31), which can be connected to the output of the infusion unit (27), for the production of cold coffee.

Abstract: A cold and/or heat accumulator with a plurality of carrier elements which are charged with a cold or heat storage medium, and with at least one heat exchanger which is designed to have a heat transfer medium flow through it in order to cause heat exchange between the cold or heat storage medium and the heat transfer medium. The at least one heat exchanger has a serpentine hollow section, and carrier elements are provided between the legs of the loops of the serpentine hollow section. Two heat exchangers can be provided with the loops of the serpentine hollow section one heat exchanger being interspersed with those of the serpentine hollow section of the other heat exchanger. Preferably, the carrier elements are made of a porous metal foam, and the inlet and outlet for the heat transfer medium are located together at a bottom area at one side of the accumulator.

Abstract: An air conditioning system is provided. The air conditioning system allows coolant to selectively flow through a series of bypass pipes and valves connecting an outlet of a compressor and an outlet of an expansion member. The series of bypass pipes and valves allow a defrosting function to be performed without performing a reverse cycle.

Abstract: A reduced shedding regenerator and method are disclosed with regenerator surfaces to minimize shedding of particles from the regenerator thereby alleviating a source of potential damage and malfunction of a thermal regenerative machine using the regenerator.

Abstract: A cooling system for providing cryogenic cooling fluid to an apparatus comprises a re-circulation device, a passive cold storage device having a porous matrix of material which directly contacts the cryogenic cooling fluid as the cryogenic cooling fluid passes through the passive cold storage device, a first portion of a fluid communication feed line fluidly connecting the re-circulation device to the passive cold storage device, a second portion of a fluid communication feed line fluidly connecting the passive cold storage device to the apparatus for communicating cryogenic cooling fluid to the apparatus, and a fluid communication return line fluidly connecting the apparatus to the re-circulation device. The passive cold storage device may comprise a regenerative heat exchanger including a porous matrix of metal wire mesh, metal spheres or ceramic spheres.

Abstract: A method and a kit is described for cooling beverages. Each employs a naturally occurring, non-porous igneous rock material, such as granite, that may be configured in the form of a polyhedron, such as a cube. The method involves placing one or more masses of the material in a reduced temperature environment for a selected time that may be sufficient to allow the mass to reach equilibrium temperature with the reduced temperature environment. One or more masses are then placed in a vessel along with the beverage to be cooled. The kit houses the masses in a lidded container and one or more vessels are included. A correlation between the size of the masses and the vessels is disclosed.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a thermal complementary (combination of heat supply and heat discharge) system which can complement heat without the restriction of area of a region to be supplied with heat. An endless multiplex helical loop is formed to complement the heat produced in a region such as plants and regional facilities on a reciprocal basis, and the water is not circulated forcibly but achieves heat transfer in the helical loop. Liquid or slurry-like water is sealed in the annular endless channel (endless loop) without forcibly circulated. Therefore, loop diameter of the annular endless channel, that means the area of the region, is not limited. The water forms temperature zones in the endless helical loop, the temperature being different per each component loop. Distributed cryogenic sources and thermal sources are thermally connected to said multiplex helical loop so that heat (i.e. water) can be taken in or discharged to or from said cryogenic or thermal sources.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioner, a cold accumulator is disposed at a downstream air side of an evaporator to be cooled by cold air after passing through the evaporator. A cold accumulating material is sealed within the cold accumulator to be solidified while being cooled by the cold air from the evaporator. The cold accumulating material is a mixture of plural kinds of paraffin materials having different melting points, equal to or more than two. The plural kinds of the paraffin materials are mixed, so that the cold accumulating material having a melting point in a range of 7-11° C. can be obtained. In this case, cooling function in the cold accumulator can be improved.

Abstract: An air conditioner for an economically running vehicle includes a compressor driven by a vehicle engine, an evaporator, and a cold-storage heat exchanger having a cold storage material. The evaporator and the cold-storage heat exchanger are disposed in series in a refrigerant flow. When the compressor is operated, the cold storage material is cooled by low-pressure refrigerant in a cold storage mode. When the operation of the compressor is stopped, refrigerant circulates between the evaporator and the cold-storage heat exchanger, so that refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator is cooled and liquefied by the cold storage material in a cold release mode. Further, a flow direction of refrigerant flowing through the evaporator in the cold storage mode is the same as that in the cold release mode.

Abstract: A hot coolant type heat accumulating apparatus for a hybrid vehicle is provided that includes an internal combustion engine having first and second coolant circulation systems through which a coolant is circulated using power from the engine, a heat accumulation tank that recovers, via part of the second coolant circulation system, some of the coolant that has been heated by the internal combustion engine, and stores that heated coolant, and a controller. This controller automatically shuts off the internal combustion engine when a predetermined shutoff condition has been fulfilled, circulates the coolant through the second coolant circulation system while the internal combustion engine is shutoff, and inhibits recovery of the hot coolant while the internal combustion engine is shutoff by automatic shutoff.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high power density sorption heat store, preferably for storing low-temperature heat, and is characterized in that a tube jacket 2 is provided with tube bottoms 3, 3′, and with heat exchange tubes 4, which penetrate the sorption layer 5 between the carrier floors 6, 6′; the mat layers 9, ′ are in each case located in between; the tube jacket 2 essentially is enclosed by a working fluid tank 10 comprising the working fluid lines 11, 11′ including the valves 12, 12′, which in turn are in connection with the mat layers 9, 9′; and the dip tank 13, in the bottom area, comprises the passage 16; and heat exchange tubes 4 are proportionally equipped with ribs 27, and are loosely guided through openings 29 of the carrier floor 6′ and through the mat layer 9′ but are fixedly connected with the tube bottoms 3, 3′; and the ribs 27 are enclosed by a finely perforated network 28.

Abstract: A method is provided, in which directly generated and/or indirectly formed and storable heat energy is stored in a mobile container-like latent-heat storage unit capable of being warehoused and of being delivered, the latent-heat storage unit being transported by means of a transport unit to at least one heat-energy reception unit and being arranged there in suitable form on or in the heat-energy reception unit. The possibility is thus afforded, for the first time, of transporting and utilizing heat energy over relatively long distances flexibly and on demand, but also extremely profitably.

Abstract: An air conditioner for an economically running vehicle includes a compressor driven by a vehicle engine, an evaporator, and a cold-storage heat exchanger having a cold storage material. The evaporator and the cold-storage heat exchanger are disposed in series in a refrigerant flow. When the compressor is operated, the cold storage material is cooled by low-pressure refrigerant in a cold storage mode. When the operation of the compressor is stopped, refrigerant circulates between the evaporator and the cold-storage heat exchanger, so that refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator is cooled and liquefied by the cold storage material in a cold release mode. Further, a flow direction of refrigerant flowing through the evaporator in the cold storage mode is the same as that in the cold release mode.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioner, a cold accumulator is disposed at a downstream air side of an evaporator to be cooled by cold air after passing through the evaporator. A cold accumulating material is sealed within the cold accumulator to be solidified while being cooled by the cold air from the evaporator. The cold accumulating material is a mixture of plural kinds of paraffin materials having different melting points, equal to or more than two. The plural kinds of the paraffin materials are mixed, so that the cold accumulating material having a melting point in a range of 7-11° C. can be obtained. In this case, cooling function in the cold accumulator can be improved.

Abstract: A phase change composition is provided which includes a nucleating agent to reduce supercooling of the composition. The phase change composition may comprise a eutectic mixture of water and sodium chloride. The nucleating agent may comprise calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or pentaerythritol. The phase change composition may also include silica particles such that it is provided in the form of a gel or powder. The phase change composition may be used in a variety of applications including thermal shipping containers.

Abstract: A main evaporator cools a driver's compartment of a vehicle while a cooling storage evaporator cools cooling storage packs that are used in cooling a sleeping compartment. Refrigerant is supplied to the main evaporator at the actuation of a first solenoid valve while refrigerant is supplied to the cooling storage evaporator at the actuation of a second solenoid valve. If a first switch is being actuated after the completion of the cooling storage operation of the cooling storage evaporator on the cooling storage packs and the temperature of the cooling storage packs is no more than a preset temperature, for example, -5.degree. C., FIR control is performed for alternately actuating the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve based on a predetermined time ratio (for example, 10 minutes 15 seconds).

Abstract: A method, and apparatus for implementing the method, utilize cryogenic fluids to cool a fluid. The method includes receiving and allowing expansion of a first compressed cryogenic fluid within a chamber; flowing a second fluid past said chamber; and allowing the transfer of heat between the chamber and the second fluid. The method may further include maintaining the second fluid at a predetermined temperature by controlling the transfer of heat between the chamber and the second fluid. The apparatus includes a chamber for receiving therein and allowing expansion of a compressed cryogenic fluid. The chamber includes at least one wall formed of a material having a high thermal conductivity and high resistivity to low temperature. The chamber may include an insert for receiving cryogenic fluid therein and dispersing the cryogenic fluid through a plurality of holes into the chamber. The apparatus may also include a fluid path component for circulating therethrough the second fluid.

Abstract: A method is provided for cooling a high temperature superconductor such as an oxide superconductor to a lower temperature at a lower cost with a more simple system. A superconducting coil is attached to a cooling stage of a refrigerator. By immersing the superconducting coil on the cooling stage in liquid nitrogen, the superconducting coil is cooled rapidly. Then, the superconducting coil is further cooled by the refrigerator. By the cooling operation of the refrigerator, the liquid nitrogen is solidified. Thus, the superconducting coil is surrounded with solidifed nitrogen. The superconducting coil covered with the solidified nitrogen is further cooled by the refrigerator. In the superconducting coil cooled to a lower temperature and covered with solid nitrogen, quenching is suppressed to allow a higher current to be conducted.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cooling unit. The cooling unit comprises a heat exchange unit which contains a phase change material. The heat exchange unit further includes a first plurality of heat exchange conduits which are positioned in the heat exchange unit. The first plurality of heat exchange conduits are positioned in heat transfer relation with the phase change material so that the phase change material can be cooled by a coolant. The first plurality of heat exchange conduits contain a coolant. The heat exchange unit also includes a second plurality of heat exchange conduits positioned in the heat exchange unit. The second plurality of heat exchange conduits are positioned in heat transfer relation with the phase change material so that the phase change material can cool an object.

Abstract: A tube and fin heat exchanger having two adjacent fluid circuits through which compressed air and a refrigerant fluid flow so as to be in heat exchange relationship with respect to one another. In one embodiment, the areas between the tubes and fins of the heat exchanger are filled with a mass of moist material which ices and operates to accumulate energy to thereby transfer the energy when the refrigerant fluid is not circulated.

Abstract: A relatively simple and compact beverage chilling device for providing uniform beverage temperatures in a post-mix beverage dispensing system regardless of the duration between usages. Chilled plain or carbonated water is circulated in an insulated conduit between a cooler and a dispensing tower with portions drawn off at selectively operated dispensing heads. Flavored syrups are supplied to the dispensing heads within the same insulated conduit. A thermal mass disposed in close proximity to the dispensing heads provides a heat transfer medium from the syrups to the chilled water.

Abstract: A chill water system combining a storage vessel 10, a multiplicity of ice encapsulating units 11 contained in the vessel and a chiller system 60. The vessel contains a volume of glycol and water solution having a freezing point about twenty six degrees F. The ice encapsulating units 11 comprise sealed containers filled with deionized water and having a volume 131 of powdered cholesterol therein to serve as an ice nucleating agent to lower the initial ice formation temperature of the unit. The containers have imperfect geometric deformable wall structures to permit an increase in enclosed volume as said water therein freezes. Chiller system 60 is operatively associated with the vessel and cools the glycol and water solution to about twenty six degrees to freeze the water in the containers 11. A topping tank 90 and an inventory tank 93 receive liquid from the storage vessel 10 as the ice encapsulating units 11 freeze and expand in volume.

Abstract: A thermal storage device interacting with a circulating coolant in an air conditioning system is disclosed. The thermal storage device includes a hollow ball containing a liquid to be frozen by the circulating coolant. A generall ball-shaped flexible air pocket is disposed in the hollow ball. An elongated weight member has one end connected to the air pocket and the other end extended to the internal face of the hollow ball, so that the center of the air pocket can be kept in the geometrical center of the hollow ball. The elongated weight member has a predetermined weight so that the total weight of the hollow ball, the air pocket and the elongated weight member is greater than the buoyancy force exerted on the hollow ball by the recirculating coolant. Therefore, the thermal storage device can always be submerged in the recirculating coolant and thus achieve a good heat transfer effect.

Abstract: A chill water system combining a storage vessel 10, a multiplicity of ice encapsulating units 11 contained in the vessel and a chiller system 60. The storage vessel contains a volume or glycol and water solution having a freezing point of about twenty six degrees F. The ice encapsulating units 11 comprise sealed containers filled with a deionized water. The containers have imperfect geometric shape and deformable wall structures to permit an increasee in enclosed volume as said water therein freezes. Chiller system 60 is operatively associated with the vessel and cools the glycol and water solution to about twenty six degrees to freeze the water in the containers 11. A topping tank 90 and an inventory tank 93 receive liquid from the storage vessel 10 as the ice encapsulating units 11 freeze and expand in volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to a small electric household utensil for the production of foods by mixing by stirring from original components which are slightly liquid at the start of work, in the preparation of which foods the production temperature deviates from the ambient temperature, the temperature change in the original components which is required during the production process being achieved by means of a thermal energy dispenser, the thermal energy dispenser (6) bringing the inner wall (4a) of a pot-shaped container (4, 24) to the production temperature and a stirring tool (10) intermixing the production components during the production process.

Abstract: A latent heat regenerating apparatus includes a regenerative tank wherein a latent heat regenerative material is housed. The material has a phase transition temperature and a supercooling-release temperature and is capable of maintaining a supercooled-state in a temperature range between the temperatures. A thermoelectric cooling element is located in the regenerative material so as to control supercooling of the material. The element has a heat radiating portion for radiating heat into the material and a heat absorbing portion for absorbing heat from the material, thereby cooling that portion of the material near the absorbing portion to a temperature lower than the supercooling-release temperature.

Abstract: Tubular containers, preferably corrugated, containing plural thermal storage medium compositions having different fusion temperatures are arrayed in zones or layers within a vessel through which liquid is circulated to exchange heat with the containers.

Abstract: A chill water system combining a storage vessel 10, a multiplicity of ice encapsulating units 11 contained in the vessel and a chiller system 60. The storage vessel contains a volume of glycol and water solution having a freezing point of about twenty six degrees F. The ice encapsulating units 11 comprise sealed containers filled with a deionized water and having a volume of powdered cholesterol therein to serve as an ice nucleating agent to lower the initial ice formation temperature of the unit. The containers have imperfect geometric shape and deformable wall structures to permit an increase in enclosed volume as said water therein freezes. Chiller system 60 is operatively associated with the vessel and cools the glycol and water solution to about twenty six degrees to freeze the water in the containers 11. A topping tank 90 and an inventory tank 93 receive liquid from the storage vessel 10 as the ice encapsulating units 11 freeze and expand in volume.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermally protecting heat sensitive components of tools. The apparatus comprises a Dewar for holding the heat sensitive components. The Dewar has spaced-apart inside and outside walls, an open top end and a bottom end. An insulating plug is located in the top end. The inside wall has portions defining an inside wall aperture located at the bottom of the Dewar and the outside wall has portions defining an outside wall aperture located at the bottom of the Dewar. A bottom connector has inside and outside components. The inside component sealably engages the inside wall aperture and the outside component sealably engages the outside wall aperture. The inside component is operatively connected to the heat sensitive components and to the outside component. The connections can be made with optical fibers or with electrically conducting wires.

Abstract: A latent heat-storage device for cooling purposes includes a non-deformable closed container, and a heat-storage medium comprising water or a eutectic aqueous solution of a salt contained in the container. The heat-storage medium expands in volume as its temperature is lowered through its phase transition from fluid to solid. The amount of the heat-storage medium is such that a part of the container volume equals or is slightly larger than the maximum volume expansion of the heat-storage medium during operation of the device. A gas condensing between room temperature and the melting temperature of the heat-storage medium fills the container part at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus which thermally protects sensitive components in tools used in a geothermal borehole. The apparatus comprises a Dewar within a housing. The Dewar contains heat pipes such as brass heat pipes for thermally conducting heat from heat sensitive components to a heat sink such as ice.

Abstract: A discharging nozzle for foamed material, especially whipped cream, is kept at a predetermined temperature even when a refrigeration machine which cools the device holding or producing the whipped cream is temporarily not operating. Thus, the discharge nozzle is kept substantially at the same temperature as the reservoir holding the whipped cream or as the machine producing the whipped cream. For this purpose the discharge nozzle is mounted in a solid cooled housing in heat transfer communication with a hollow jacket. The hollow jacket in turn is connected in heat communication to the device holding or producing the whipped cream. The hollow jacket is filled with a liquid which stores cold produced by refrigerating of the device holding or producing the whipped cream. The storing of the cold is accomplished by a change in the physical state of the liquid. The cold is then released to the nozzle during times when refrigeration is interrupted.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for maintaining a body at cryogenic temperatures at a remote location such as down a borehole for an extended period of time. A housing contains a body comprising a material having a high specific heat at cryogenic temperatures such as between about 2 and 15 K. The body contains an orifice for containing an instrument or instruments operable at superconducting temperatures. The apparatus is precooled at the surface and lowered into a borehole to a desired depth, such as 2 to 3 miles. The instruments are operated, and the apparatus withdrawn, the material of the body maintaining the very low temperatures at which the instrument(s) operate for a sufficient period of time at the remote or downhole location. The material may comprise a rare earth compound, such as Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 Se.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.2 S or GdAlO.sub.3. Monoclinic and C-phase gadolinium oxides work well. A low temperature is maintainable at a remote location for several hours.

Abstract: A cooling system for a vehicle in which a refrigerant is compressed and subsequently expanded to lower the temperature of a portion of the interior of the vehicle as well as the temperature of a refrigerated storage compartment in the vehicle. The cooling of the two different portions of the vehicle may be independently and automatically controlled. The refrigerated storage compartment is characterized by an insulated container being detachably affixed to the vehicle with a portion of the container in contact with, a portion of the cooling system that is cooled by the passage of refrigerant therethrough.

Abstract: An improved air conditioning system comprises a first medium in heat exchange relation with an air stream, means for controlling the temperature of the first medium to effect sufficient heat exchange to control the temperature of the air stream, a second medium having thermal storage capacity, thermal conducting means interposed between said first and second media for effecting heat exchange therebetween, the thermal conducting means being thermally coupled to a means for exchanging heat with the air stream, and a means for controlling the flow rate of the air stream through the heat exchange means in order to controllably apportion heat exchange between (a) the first medium and (b) the air stream and the second medium.

Abstract: A "coldness-storage" unit for use in a refrigeration storage and cooling tank system for nighttime coolant storage while providing for subsequent daytime cooling. The "coldness-storage" unit has a closed tank which includes a plurality of cans containing a liquid material which freezes at a temperature below room temperature. The outer surface of the cans are coated with a wicking surface and the tank includes a condensable liquid such as butane, which vaporizes to fill the unoccupied space in the tank with butane vapor. The ends of the wick covered cans touch the butane so that the butane wets the wicks. A refrigerator/compressoris operated to cool condensation coils in the tank. The butane vapors in the unoccupied space condense on the condensation coils giving off heat to the refrigerator/compressor coils which lowers the vapor pressure within the tank.

Abstract: Utilization of latent heat stored in a crystalline liquid heat storage medium subject to super-cooling by continuously circulating the storage medium past a heat exchanger positioned in the upper portion of an enclosed space containing a body of such storage medium to effect super-cooling thereof, then past a bed of seed crystals in the lower portion of such space to effect partial crystallization thereof, and then back past the heat exchanger.