Abstract: There is a working fluid for a heating and cooling. The fluid is a blend of about 1% to about 98% by mass 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropane, about 1% to about 98% by mass 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and about 1% to about 98% by mass 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane are about 90% or more by mass of the blend. There are also an apparatus that uses the blend and methods for heating and cooling using the blend.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a cooling system for a heat-generating structure includes a heating device, a cooling loop, and a separation structure. The heating device heats a flow of fluid coolant including a mixture of water and antifreeze. The cooling loop includes a director structure which directs the flow of the fluid coolant substantially in the form of a liquid to the heating device. The heating device vaporizes a substantial portion of the water into vapor while leaving a substantial portion of the antifreeze as liquid. The separation structure receives, from the heating device, the flow of fluid coolant with the substantial portion of the water as vapor and the substantial portion of the antifreeze as liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for a refrigerant-based thermal storage system wherein a condensing unit and an ice-tank heat exchanger can be isolated through a second heat exchanger. The disclosed embodiments provide a refrigerant-based ice storage system with increased reliability, lower cost components, and reduced power consumption compared to non-isolated systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for optimizing an efficiency of a refrigeration system, comprising means for measuring a refrigeration efficiency of an operating refrigeration system: means for altering a process variable of the refrigeration system during efficiency measurement: and a processor for calculating a process variable level which achieves an optimum efficiency. The process variables may include refrigerant charge and refrigerant oil concentration in evaporator.

Abstract: An apparatus for optimizing an efficiency of a refrigeration system, comprising means for measuring a refrigeration efficiency of an operating refrigeration system; means for altering a process variable of the refrigeration system during efficiency measurement; and a processor for calculating a process variable level which achieves an optimum efficiency. The process variables may include refrigerant charge and refrigerant oil concentration in evaporator.

Abstract: An energy-saving type refrigerating device capable of preventing global warming, allowing a communication pipe diameter to be reduced and the number of types of the communication pipe diameters to be reduced while a COP of over the COP obtained when R22 is used is provided by using, as a refrigerant, R32 with small global warming potential (GWP), comprising a compressor (23), a first heat exchanger (22), a expansion means (26), and a second heat exchanger (2), wherein R32 is used as a refrigerant, the diameter of a first communication pipe (42) is set to 2/8 in. and that of a second communication pipe (41) is set to ? in. in the refrigerating capacity range of 2.2 to 5.6 kW, the diameter of the first communication pipe (42) is set to 2/8 in. and that of the second communication pipe (41) is set to 4/8 in. in the refrigerating capacity range of 4.5 to 7.1 kW, and the diameter of the first communication pipe (42) is set to 2/8 in. and that of the second communication pipe (41) is set to ? in.

Abstract: The development of an alternate refrigerant composition which is free from a possibility of causing depletion of the ozone layer and capable of maintaining the performance of a conventional refrigerating circuit without modifying the circuit is desired. An object of the present invention is to provide such a refrigerant composition and a refrigerating circuit using the refrigerant composition. A refrigerant composition of the present invention comprises R245fa (CF3CH2CHF2), R125 (CHF2CF3), R508A (R23/R116:39/61) and R14 (tetrafluoromethane: CF4). Thus, the refrigerant composition has no possibility of causing depletion of the ozone layer. Further, since the composition is noncombustible, possible combustion can be prevented even if it leaks.

Abstract: An energy-saving refrigerating device is capable of preventing global warming, allowing a communication pipe diameter to be reduced and the number of types of the communication pipe diameters to be reduced while a COP of over the COP obtained when R22 is used is provided by using R32 with small global warming potential (GWP). The refrigerating device includes a compressor, a first heat exchanger, an expansion device, and a second heat exchanger. The diameters of first and second communication pipes are set to {fraction (2/8)} in. and ? in., respectively, in the refrigerating capacity range of 2.2 to 5.6 kW. The diameters of the first and second communication pipes are set to {fraction (2/8)} in. and {fraction (4/8)} in., respectively, in the refrigerating capacity range of 4.5 to 7.1 kW. The diameters of the first and second communication pipes are set to {fraction (2/8)} in. and ? in., respectively, in the refrigerating capacity range of 7.1 to 14.0 kW.

Abstract: To provide a refrigerating cycle apparatus which uses carbon dioxide as a working medium, in which a problem associated with reliability arisen from introduction of water into a refrigeration cycle has been solved. Carbonic acid produced by a reaction of carbon dioxide or a mixed refrigerant including carbon dioxide and water is efficiently removed by providing a flow channel of the refrigeration cycle with a carbonic acid trapping agent, and consequently, the refrigerating cycle apparatus with high reliability which can prevent deterioration of a carbon dioxide refrigerant, decomposition of a refrigeration oil, corrosion of metal components or the like is constructed.

Abstract: A collector for the liquid phase of the working medium of an air conditioning system has first and second connecting pipes provided for connection into the circuit of an air conditioning system. One of the connecting pipes continues in a guide tube which is guided through the interior of the container of the collector. Part of the guide tube runs through the bottom region of the container, which is provided for vertical arrangement, and has at least one opening for recycling collected oil and the liquid phase of the working medium into the working medium circulating through the air conditioning system. In order to separate the liquid phase of the working medium of the air conditioning system, a cyclone-like separating device is provided. The separating device has a cyclone chamber and a central outflow connecting pipe forming an overflow. One of the connecting pipes leads tangentially into the cyclone chamber and the open end of the guide tube ends at a short distance before the outflow connecting pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus and method wherein ozone layer-damaging dichlorodifluoromethane is substituted with a mix of less environmentally damaging refrigerants chlorodifluoroethane and tetrafluoroethane in dichlorodifluoromethane-based air-cooling systems. While less environmentally damaging than dichlorodifluoromethane, the substitute refrigerant has a temperature-pressure relationship similar to that of dichlorodifluoromethane, making the substitute refrigerant suitable for use with dichlorodifluoromethane-based air-cooling systems. The substitute refrigerant can be used alone or in combination with dichlorodifluoromethane. In either event, it is mixed with a relatively small percentage of a hydrophobic lubricating oil which is compatible with both the substitute refrigerant and with dichlorodifluoromethane.

Abstract: Formed in a valve main body (1) is a refrigerant flow path (41) for lowering the amount of flow of a refrigerant which flows into an internal space (30) of a casing (3) from a refrigerant flow path (9) through a needle fit/insert clearance (17) defined between a needle fit/insert aperture (16) and a needle (2) inserted into the needle fit/insert aperture (16). When, with the rise or drop in refrigerant pressure, refrigerant flows through the needle fit/insert clearance (17), adhesion of sludge included in the refrigerant to the wall surface of the needle fit/insert clearance (17) is reduced by a lessened amount of refrigerant flow in the needle fit/insert clearance (17) by the refrigerant flow path (41). This therefore prevents, as far as possible, malfunction of the needle (2) due to sludge adhesion, thereby ensuring proper operation of the needle (2).

Abstract: This invention relates to a refrigeration method and processes that employ a nontoxic and environmentally benign, oil-free refrigerant in a novel vapor-compression thermodynamic cycle that includes a means for enhancing cooling capacity and efficiency. A means of controlling of the process conditions and flow of the refrigerant are provided. The refrigerant in the invention in used in a transcritical cycle.

Abstract: An energy-saving refrigeration system circulates a mixture of R-134a, R-32 and R-125 whose composition is controlled using a vapor separator. A vortex generator is a preferred means to separate the mixture. For high thermal load operation, R-32 stays in the circulating line with increased cooling capacity, and R-134a and R-125 are stored in a storage tank. Conversely, for low thermal load operation, R-134a and R-125 stay in the circulating line with increased EER, and R-32 is stored in a storage tank. Multiple storage tanks can be used to control the composition of each refrigerant independently.

Abstract: A refrigeration system particularly useful with a multicomponent refrigerant fluid wherein the refrigerant fluid is cooled in an upward leg of a first vertically oriented heat exchanger section and further cooled in a downward leg of a second vertically oriented heat exchanger section prior to refrigeration generation and serial recycle flow through the two heat exchanger sections.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled or air-cooled air conditioning system for corrosive industrial environments is disclosed. The system includes a corrosion-resistant lower or upper cooling module releasably connected to an external source of cool liquid or air and power, and a corrosion-resistant upper or lower blower module releasably connected to an external power source. The two modules are contained within a single corrosion-resistant enclosure. Each module is mounted on a removable frame for placement into either an upper or lower chamber of the enclosure. The system is designed to allow all major air-conditioning components to be quickly disconnected, and removed from the enclosure for maintenance, repair or replacement, on site with minimal work stoppage. The heavy-duty components used increase system durability, reduce component failure, and increase system life ultimately resulting in low cost of ownership.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant in which an odorant is added, the odorant being compatible with refrigerants and refrigerating device oils, and having no reactivity with refrigerating device oils and materials forming refrigerating circuits, and to provide a refrigerating device in which the refrigerant is circulated in the refrigerating circuit. A refrigerant whose main component is a hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a flammable hydrocarbon fluoride obtained when one or more hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon is substituted by fluorine atoms, the refrigerant containing a tetrahydrothiophene as an odorant, and a refrigerating device in which the refrigerant is circulated are provided.

Abstract: A refrigerating device circulating R32 in a refrigerant circuit as a refrigerant to perform a refrigerating cycle, the refrigerating device comprising a compressor in the refrigerant circuit, a first heat exchanger serving as a condenser, an expansion means and a second heat exchanger serving as an evaporator, wherein a ratio m of an internal volume (Vout) of the first heat exchanger to an internal volume (Vin) of the second heat exchanger is set to be in a range of 0.7≦m≦1.5.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a refrigeration heat exchanger section useful in circulating a substantially non-HCFC refrigerant mixture which comprises: a compressor means, an auxiliary condenser, a first condenser, a second condenser, a third condenser, a subcooler and a liquid/gas separator, wherein a subcooled refrigerant liquid mixture taken as bottoms from the liquid/gas separator is distributed and expanded by a first expansion means and a second expansion means to form first and second expanded streams, respectively, such that the first expanded stream is returned to the auxiliary condenser and compressor in order to avoid overheating of the compressor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cryogenic refrigerating system for achieving ultra low temperature by sequentially obtaining low temperature through repetition of expansion and evaporation of a mixed-refrigerant in multiple stages. The refrigerating system includes a heat exchanger and a compressor between a final evaporator and a compressor. The heat exchanger causes evaporated refrigerant vapor in a suction tube for the compressor to be heated and to be drawn into the compressor, and causes the refrigerant condensed by a condenser to be supercooled. The refrigerating system includes a plurality of expansion/suction apparatuses connected with one another between the gas/liquid separator and the final evaporator.

Abstract: A heat pump system for cooling (refrigeration) or heating is provided by employing a combination of natural media such as ammonia and CO2. The heat pump system (1) combines an ammonia cycle (2) and a CO2 cycle (3), and the CO2 medium in the CO2 cycle (3) is circulated, by natural circulation due to a difference of fluid heads of the CO2 medium in the cycle without the necessity of incorporating a compressor, and by partial heating or cooling of the cycle. The structural elements of the ammonia cycle (2) are located away from the devices for the desired refrigeration and heating.

Abstract: This invention relates to a refrigeration method and processes that employ a nontoxic and environmentally benign, oil-free refrigerant in a novel vapor-compression thermodynamic cycle that includes a means for enhancing cooling capacity and efficiency. A means of controlling of the process conditions and flow of the refrigerant are provided. The refrigerant in the invention in used in a transcritical cycle.

Abstract: A refrigerant circuit (10) is formed by connecting, in the order given, a compressor (11), a four-way selector valve (12), an outdoor heat exchanger (13), an expansion valve (14), and an indoor heat exchanger (15) by a gas side pipe (31) and a liquid side pipe (32). The refrigerant circuit (10) is charged with a single refrigerant of R32 or with an R32/R125 mixed refrigerant whose R32 content is not less than 75% by weight. As a refrigeration oil, a synthetic oil is used, and such a refrigeration oil has an addition of an extreme pressure additive. When cooling rated capacity is not more than 5 kW, the liquid side pipe (32) is formed by use of a pipe whose inside diameter is less than 4.75 mm.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant in which an odorant is added, the odorant being compatible with refrigerants and refrigerating device oils, and having no reactivity with refrigerating device oils and materials forming refrigerating circuits, and to provide a refrigerating device in which the refrigerant is circulated in the refrigerating circuit. A refrigerant whose main component is a hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a flammable hydrocarbon fluoride obtained when one or more hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon is substituted by fluorine atoms, the refrigerant containing a tetrahydrothiophene as an odorant, and a refrigerating device in which the refrigerant is circulated are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrofluorocarbons useful in refrigeration and heat pump applications. The invention provides hydrofluorocarbons selected from the group of 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, and mixtures thereof that are environmentally suitable replacements for chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration applications such as multi-stage centrifugal chillers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method wherein ozone layer-damaging dichlorodifluoromethane is substituted with a mix of less environmentally damaging refrigerants chlorodifluoroethane and tetrafluoroethane in dichlorodifluoromethane-based air-cooling systems. While less environmentally damaging than dichlorodifluoromethane, the substitute refrigerant has a temperature-pressure relationship similar to that of dichlorodifluoromethane, making the substitute refrigerant suitable for use with dichlorodifluoromethane-based air-cooling systems. The substitute refrigerant can be used alone or in combination with dichlorodifluoromethane. In either event, it is mixed with a relatively small percentage of a hydrophobic lubricating oil which is compatible with both the substitute refrigerant and with dichlorodifluoromethane.

Abstract: A standard refrigeration pressure regulating valve limits the minimum temperature produced by a refrigeration process, which uses a refrigerant mixture including at least two components whose normal boiling points differ by at least 50C. Limiting the lowest temperature prevents freezout of the individual refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricant for a compression type refrigeration system using ammonia as a refrigerant, which comprises polyether compounds and aromatic amine compounds or phenothiazine compounds, and preferably further comprises alcohol compounds such as polyhydric alcohol partial ether and/or benzotriazole compounds. Further, the present invention provides a working fluid composition comprising the lubricant and an ammonia refrigerant, and a refrigeration system which is filled with the working fluid composition. The lubricant has not only good compatibility with ammonia, but excellent stability and lubricating property, and therefore can suitably used in a compression type refrigeration system using an ammonia refrigerant that does not have the possibility of ozone layer depletion and global warming phenomenon.

Abstract: An energy-saving refrigeration system circulates a mixture of R-134a, R-32 and R-125 whose composition is controlled using a vapor separator. A vortex generator is a preferred means to separate the mixture. For high thermal load operation, R-32 stays in the circulating line with increased cooling capacity, and R-134a and R-125 are stored in a storage tank. Conversely, for low thermal load operation, R-134a and R-125 stay in the circulating line with increased EER, and R-32 is stored in a storage tank. Multiple storage tanks can be used to control the composition of each refrigerant independently.

Abstract: In order to magnify capacity control of a refrigeration cycle for an increased efficiency and achievement of compactness, the refrigeration cycle includes a compressor, a four-way valve, a heat exchanger on a side of a heat source, a liquid receiver, a heat exchanger on a side of use, and an electronic expansion valve, all of which are connected other by pipes, and comprises a refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle and being a non-azeotropic refrigerant, a second liquid receiver for taking out a refrigerant vapor from an upper portion of the liquid receiver to condense and store the refrigerant, and a pipe connecting the second liquid receiver to the liquid receiver via a shut-off valve.

Abstract: A refrigerating device circulating R32 in a refrigerant circuit as a refrigerant to perform a refrigerating cycle, the refrigerating device comprising a compressor in the refrigerant circuit, a first heat exchanger serving as a condenser, an expansion means and a second heat exchanger serving as an evaporator, wherein a ratio m of an internal volume (Vout) of the first heat exchanger to an internal volume (Vin) of the second heat exchanger is set to be in a range of 0.7≦m≦1.5.

Abstract: In order to magnify capacity control of a refrigeration cycle for an increased efficiency and achievement of compactness, the refrigeration cycle includes a compressor, a four-way valve, a heat exchanger on a side of a heat source, a liquid receiver, a heat exchanger on a side of use, and an electronic expansion valve, all of which are connected other by pipes, and comprises a refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle and being a non-azeotropic refrigerant, a second liquid receiver for taking out a refrigerant vapor from an upper portion of the liquid receiver to condense and store the refrigerant, and a pipe connecting the second liquid receiver to the liquid receiver via a shut-off valve.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain a good refrigerator using polyvinyl ether oil as a refrigerator oil, which is compatible with a hydrofluorocarbon type refrigerant not containing chlorine (such as R134a) without suffering conventional problems. A refrigerator of the present invention comprises a refrigerating cycle using a hydrofluorocarbon type refrigerant not containing chlorine or a refrigerant mixture thereof, with a refrigerator oil compatible with the refrigerant sealed, wherein the refrigerator oil comprises a polyvinyl ether type compound having a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) as the main component, with a pour point of −40° C. or less, a two-liquid separation temperature of −20° C. or less, a total acid number of 0.02 mgKOH/g or less, a viscosity of 8 to 100 cst at 40° C.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a self-contained recirculating refrigeration system wherein the refrigerant is referred to as HTF (heat transfer fluid) which is cooled using liquid nitrogen. HTF remains in the liquid phase throughout the process of the present invention 10. The basic process can be viewed as beginning with the injection of liquid nitrogen (LN2) from a liquid nitrogen supply tank 22 into the thermal converter 18 wherein the heat transfer fluid (HTF) is cooled by LN2 through one or more heat exchangers to let the LN2 absorb heat from the HTF and thereby cool the HTF to refrigeration temperatures. The rate at which LN2 enters the thermal convector 18 is controlled by a valve so as to maintain the temperature of the HTF at a set point.

Abstract: In an air conditioner including a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a pressure-reducing mechanism, an indoor heat exchanger and an accumulator which are successively connected to one another to construct a loop-like refrigerant circuit, non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant composed of first refrigerant having a high boiling point and second refrigerant having a low boiling point being filled in the refrigerant circuit and the flow of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant being inverted between cooling operation and heating operation by operating the four-way valve, when one of the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger serves as an evaporator, the first refrigerant of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant is stocked in the accumulator while the second refrigerant of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant is circulated in the refrigerant circuit, thereby increasing the refrigerant pressure in the evaporator.

Abstract: Novel vapor compression evaporative cooling systems which use water as a refrigerant are provided, as are methods for using same. Also provided are novel compressors, compressor components, and means for removing noncondensibles useful in such cooling systems.

Abstract: A composition for cleaning and lubricating automotive air conditioners contains a polyol ester lubricant, an antiwear and extreme pressure additive, and a solvent mixture of tetrafluoroethane and 2,3-dihydroperfluoropentane. An automotive air conditioning system and a method of its cleaning and operation with the cleaning and lubricating composition present in the system are presented.

Abstract: A lubricant-refrigerant composition contained within a compression refrigeration system is disclosed which comprises (A) at least one fluorine-containing hydrocarbon refrigerant containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, further wherein fluorine is the only halogen in said fluorine-containing hydrocarbon with the proviso that 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is not the sole refrigerant; and (B) at least one lubricant comprising (1) a hydrocarbyl substituted arene, (2) a phosphate ester, (3) an organic ester of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, (4) a perfluoropolyethylene, (5) an ether; (6) a polyether; (7) a polyalphaolefin; or (8) a mineral oil; wherein at a temperature of above −60° C. a phase separation occurs such that at least two phases are formed, said phases being a refrigerant rich phase and a lubricant rich phase, further wherein the lubricant rich phase resides below the refrigerant rich phase.

Abstract: A shell and coil type heat exchanger evaporator provides cooling for industrial coolants characterized by high viscosity and a poor heat transfer coefficient. A large heat transfer surface area is provided within a limited volume, and without a high coolant pressure drop. A short initial cool down period is provided due to minimized heat exchanger mass and minimized volume of liquid coolant in the heat exchanger during initial cool down.

Abstract: A refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and n-pentane, preferably prepared by mixing n-pentane preliminarily in R-134a, and mixing into a refrigerant of R-32 and R-125, with the n-pentane contained in a range of 0.1 wt. % to 14 wt. % of the total weight, and a refrigerating apparatus employing the refrigerant composition composed of above. It is an object of the present invention to develop a nonflammable refrigerant composition capable of using refrigerating machine oil such as mineral oil and alkyl benzene which is used in refrigerating apparatus, none in risk of destroying the ozone layer, excellent in cooling performance, superior in lubricating performance, and outstanding in heat resistance.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant in which an odorant is added, the odorant being compatible with refrigerants and refrigerating device oils, and having no reactivity with refrigerating device oils and materials forming refrigerating circuits, and to provide a refrigerating device in which the refrigerant is circulated in the refrigerating circuit.

Abstract: A standard refrigeration pressure regulating valve limits the minimum temperature produced by a refrigeration process, which uses a refrigerant mixture including at least two components whose normal boiling points differ by at least 50 C. Limiting the lowest temperature prevents freezout of the individual refrigerant.

Abstract: A refrigeration system wherein refrigeration is generated at a relatively steady output by a refrigeration circuit and passed into a coupling fluid for transfer to a refrigeration load using a coupling fluid stabilizing circuit having a stabilizing reservoir.

Abstract: In a refrigerating apparatus using a non-azeotropic refrigerant, the composition is included among the quantities of state of a refrigerant, so that it is difficult to detect the state of the interior of the refrigerant circuit. For this reason, it is difficult to stabilize the operation of the refrigerating apparatus by detecting the state of the interior of the refrigerating apparatus, and avoid the malfunction of the refrigerating apparatus. The cyclic composition of the refrigerating apparatus is detected, and the state of the interior of the refrigerating apparatus is detected accurately by using this cyclic composition. In addition, the refrigerating apparatus is arranged such that in a case where there is a quantity of state which cannot be detected accurately owing to an error or the like of the detected cyclic composition, that value can be detected directly. As a result, it is possible to accurately detect the malfunction of the refrigerating apparatus and avoid this state.

Abstract: An air conditioner has a refrigerant circuit 1 in which a refrigerant flows through a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a supercooling heat exchanger 10, a first expansion mechanism 4 and an evaporator 5 in this order. In this refrigerant circuit 1, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is condensed in the condenser 3 and the condensed refrigerant is supercooled in the supercooling heat exchanger 10. This refrigerant is reduced in pressure in the first expansion mechanism 4, thereafter evaporated in the evaporator 5 and sucked into the compressor. Use of a nonazeotrope refrigerant as the above refrigerant can increase the refrigerating capacity improving effect due to supercooling as compared with the case where a single refrigerant is used.

Abstract: A self-contained portable cryogenic apparatus that operates at the temperature (of the order of -78.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure) reached by reducing the pressure of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) or equivalent in liquid/solid phase, comprising a reservoir of pressurized liquefied CO.sub.2, the drawing off head being connected to a liquid/solid CO.sub.2 pressure reduction and ejection system, and comprising a control device, a pressure reduction device and a device for checking the temperature in the area to which it is applied, remarkable in that the top of the CO.sub.2 reservoir is arranged on the apparatus such that during the entire usage period, only the liquid part of the CO.sub.2 inside the reservoir comes into contact with the head so that it is drawn off and forced towards the application area through a pressure reduction and ejection system. The apparatus is particularly suitable for use in sports medicine in the form of a spray gun.

Abstract: A cryogenic tool capable of freezing the pipe content which otherwise flows through a pipe is provided to permit isolation of a repair site in the pipe. The cryogenic tool comprises a tool body and a cryogenic device. The tool body has a tip which is adapted for insertion through a wall of the pipe. The tip is of sufficient length to extend entirely through the wall of the pipe and into the pipe content. The cryogenic device is connected to the tip. The cryogenic device is adapted to reduce the temperature of the tip sufficiently to freeze the content of the pipe in the vicinity of the tip. Also provided is a method of freezing the content of a pipe to prevent flow through the pipe.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system includes a fuel tank configured to receive liquid natural gas. A first conduit extends from a vapor holding portion of the fuel tank to an economizer valve. A second conduit extends from a liquid holding portion of the fuel tank to the economizer valve. Fluid coupled to the economizer valve is a vaporizer which is heated by coolant from the engine and is positioned below the fuel tank. The economizer valve selectively withdraws either liquid natural gas or vaporized natural gas from the fuel tank depending on the pressure within the vapor holding portion of the fuel tank. A delivery conduit extends from the vaporizer to the engine. A return conduit having a check valve formed therein extends from the delivery conduit to the vapor holding portion of the fuel tank for pressurizing the fuel tank.

Abstract: A plant for liquid-phase filtration of a cryogenic fluid comprising, in an ambient environment:a supply of a cryogenic fluid in liquid phase;a filtration component arranged between an inlet for feeding the cryogenic fluid and an outlet for use of the filtered cryogenic fluid, in which the filtration component filters microorganisms and/or particles and causes a head loss which is less than that which converts liquid phase to a solid or gaseous phase.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting liquefied natural gas (LNG), at a temperature of about -162.degree. C. (-260.degree. F.) and a pressure near atmospheric pressure, to a pressurized liquefied natural gas (PLNG) having a temperature above -112.degree. C. (-170.degree. F.) and a pressure sufficient for the liquid to be at or near its bubble point and at the same time producing energy derived from the cold of the LNG. The LNG is pumped to a pressure above 1,380 kPa (200 psia) and passed through a heat exchanger. A refrigerant as a working fluid in a closed circuit is passed through the heat exchanger to condense the refrigerant and to provide heat for warming the pressurized LNG. The refrigerant is then pressurized, vaporized by an external heat source, and then passed through a work-producing device to generate energy.