Abstract: An embodiment of a method for supplying refrigerants to a liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility includes: advancing a first refrigerant from a first storage device to a heat exchanger, the first refrigerant having a first temperature; advancing a second refrigerant from a second storage device to the heat exchanger, the second refrigerant having a second temperature different than the first temperature; flowing the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant through the heat exchanger; adjusting the second temperature based on at least a transfer of heat between the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant in the heat exchanger; and transferring the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant to the LNG facility.

Abstract: An input includes a specified fluid product to be transported, a specified volume transfer of the specified fluid product to a berth, and a target flow rate of the specified fluid product. A first allowable operating range for volume transfer and a second allowable operating range for flow rate are determined at least based on: the specified fluid product, an availability of meters for metering, an availability of loading arms for loading the specified fluid product to a ship located at the berth, and an availability of vapor combustion units for flaring. A control signal is transmitted to at least one of multiple valves to establish a flow path for the specified fluid product. A start signal is transmitted to initiate a recipe that controls flow through the flow path within the first allowable operating range and the second allowable operating range.

Abstract: Low-temperature refrigeration device arranged in a frame and comprising a working circuit forming a loop and containing a working fluid, the working circuit forming a cycle comprising in series: a compression mechanism, a cooling mechanism, an expansion mechanism and a heating mechanism, the device comprising a refrigeration heat exchanger intended to extract heat from at least one member by exchanging heat with the working fluid, the mechanisms for cooling and reheating the working fluid comprising a common heat exchanger in which the working fluid transits in counter-flow in two separate transit portions of the working circuit, the compression mechanism comprising at least two compressors and at least one motor for driving the compressors, the working fluid expansion mechanism comprising at least one rotary turbine, the device comprising at least one drive motor comprising a drive shaft, one end of which drives a compressor and the other end of which is coupled to a turbine, the motor being attached to the

Abstract: The fuel refilling system for a refrigerated trailer is a fluid transfer system. The fuel refilling system for a refrigerated trailer is configured for use with a tractor. The tractor further has a refrigeration system. The refrigeration system further incorporates a compression pump. The fuel refilling system for a refrigerated trailer receives fuel under pressure from an externally provided source and transports the received fuel to a fuel reservoir. The fuel refilling system for a refrigerated trailer is formed by the trailer and a fuel supply system. The fuel supply system receives the fuel received under pressure from an externally provided source. The fuel supply system releases the fuel received under pressure from an externally provided source into the compression pump.

Abstract: A liquefied gas storage tank having insulation parts and a method for arranging the insulation parts are disclosed. Disclosed are the liquefied gas storage tank having the insulation parts and the method for arranging the insulation parts, the liquefied gas storage tank being capable of improving durability against the impact generated by liquefied gas since insulation panels, which are arranged in the insulating parts for the liquefied gas storage tank, have different densities according to: a load due to the mass of the liquefied gas stored in the liquefied gas storage tank; and the impact generated by sloshing.

Abstract: A module for a natural gas liquefaction apparatus is provided to include air-cooled heat exchanger groups and another equipment group. The air-cooled heat exchanger groups another equipment group. The air-cooled heat exchanger groups are arranged side by side on an upper surface of a structure, and are each configured to cool a fluid handled in the natural gas liquefaction apparatus. The another equipment group is arranged on a lower side from an arrangement height of each air-cooled heat exchanger groups, and forms a part of the natural gas liquefaction apparatus.

Abstract: A gas supply marine vessel and a refueling facility are described. The gas supply marine vessel includes a hull with an upper deck having an elongated cargo cavity formed therein. Gas interface modules are disposed in the cavity and extend between hull sides, each module having a plurality of fuel vessel docking stations. A plurality of stacked fuel container assemblies are fluidically coupled to the docking stations. A gantry, is movable along the length of the cavity, straddles the cargo cavity between hull sides. An articulating crane is mounted on the gantry and it utilized to move fuel container assemblies to a fuel container depression formed in the deck of a floating refueling facility. The floating refueling facility includes a concave side to facilitate mooring adjacent a shoreline, the concave side forming angled extensions at corners of the deck with a linkspan extending from each of the angled extensions.

Abstract: A gas processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a heater which is configured to increase a temperature of liquefied gas compulsorily vaporized by a forcing vaporizer before the liquefied gas is joined with Boil Off Gas (BOG) compressed by a BOG compressor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hybrid vehicle, including a power battery, a fuel storage tank, an electrical power generation unit, a pressure detection unit and a work mode controller, and adopts a pressure protection mode under the work mode controller, wherein the work mode controller is configured to control the vehicle to enter the pressure protection mode when the electrical power generation unit is in a stop state and when the gas pressure detected by the pressure detection unit is higher than a pressure threshold; and in the pressure protection mode, the electrical power generation unit is started from the stop state to enter the working state to consume the fuel in the fuel storage tank, and the gas pressure in the fuel storage tank is accordingly reduced.

Abstract: A method for storage and transport of LPG on LPG carriers, in particular two cargoes of different LPG types on same shipment, having reliquefaction units (300, 400) in which vaporized gases are condensed and then returned into at least one cargo tank (100) for the respective LPG cargo type. The method is further comprising: using the reliquefaction units (300, 400), at a minimum one running, as to condense vapor from the first cargo type; passing the condensed vapor through a heat exchanger (500); simultaneously flowing vapor from the second cargo type through the heat exchanger (500) as to condense vapor by means of heat exchanging with the condensed vapor; and returning the condensed vapors leaving the heat exchanger back into the respective cargo types. The present invention is also disclosing a system for storage and transport of LPG on LPG carriers.

Abstract: The present invention regards a system for transferral of at least one cryogenic fluid between two objects. At least one transfer pipe extending from the installation extends into a receiving room in the vessel, the transfer pipe being connectable with piping on the vessel through a connection in the receiving room. The receiving room is closable, the connection, and or at least a part of the construction forming the receiving room and or other elements in the receiving room are constructed to withstand eventual leakage of the cryogenic fluid and the system also provides for evacuating the receiving room for eventual spilled fluid. The invention also regards a flange for use in the system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transporting LNG are provided. A storage container is disclosed including a support frame fixedly attached to at least one top panel, at least one bottom assembly, and a plurality of corrugated side panels, wherein the support frame is externally disposed around the storage container; wherein the support frame is configured to operably engage at least a portion of a hull of a marine vessel; and wherein the storage container is an enclosed, liquid-tight, self-supporting storage container. A method of manufacturing the storage container is also provided.

Abstract: A cryogenic tank support assembly and method are provided. In one embodiment, a cryogenic tank support assembly includes an outer tank structure, an inner tank structure having a storage volume therein for storing a cryogenic material, one or more keys on an outer side of the inner tank structure, and one or more key blocks comprised of a thermally insulating material and affixed to an inner side of the outer tank structure to define one or more keyways. Each of the one or more keys may be configured to be received in a corresponding one of the one or more keyways. When the key(s) is/are received in the keyway(s), the key block(s) contact the key(s) to support the inner tank structure in a spaced relation with the outer tank structure such that the inner tank structure does not directly contact the outer tank structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a facility and a method for the stripping, de-scaling, and surface treatment of coated and uncoated materials such as metals, concrete, wood, polymers, plastics or any other type of material, by means of cryogenic fluid jets at very high pressure.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to ballast systems for marine structures. The ballast system comprises a ballast tank and a pump. The pump comprises a low side and a high side and the ballast system comprises a first inlet conduit assembly adapted to provide a fluid communication between the ballast tank and the low side. The ballast system is adapted to provide a first operating condition in which first operating condition a fluid is pumped from the low side to the high side.

Abstract: A cold-box system includes: a bulk gas tank, and a plurality of cold-box compartments operationally associated with the bulk gas tank. A cold-box apparatus includes a plurality of cold-box compartments operationally associated with a bulk gas tank. In one embodiment the cold-box compartments may be spaced apart from the tank aboard a waterborne platform. The system and apparatus provide redundancy regarding power aboard ship for the bulk gas tank.

Abstract: A CNG transportation vehicle comprising at least one vernally oriented, generally cylindrical, pressure vessel (10) of the type for containing and transporting CNG, the vessel having a generally cylindrical body and two ends and an opening in the form of a manhole at the top end thereof.

Abstract: A heat exchanger apparatus includes a housing having a sidewall defining a chamber in the housing for containing a cryogen; and a first insulation member movably mounted for coaction with the sidewall, the first insulation member moveable to a position to expose or cover a select portion of the sidewall to provide a heat transfer effect.

Abstract: The boil-off gas discharged from a liquid hydrogen storage tank on a liquid hydrogen transport vessel (16) is introduced into the liquid hydrogen stored within liquid hydrogen storage tanks (19, 20) disposed on the ground by passing through a boil-off gas introduction path (17). At least a portion of the boil-off gas is re-liquefied by means of the cold temperature of the liquid hydrogen. The boil-off gas that was not re-liquefied and the gasified hydrogen generated as a consequence of the liquid hydrogen within the liquid hydrogen storage tanks (19, 20) gasifying are mixed with raw material hydrogen by being supplied to the raw material hydrogen path (11) of a liquid hydrogen production device (HS) by passing through a gasified hydrogen discharge path (21). The boil-off gas and the gasified hydrogen are re-liquefied by means of the liquid hydrogen production device (HS).

Abstract: The present application is directed to methods and systems for transporting or importing LNG via vessels. Under the present techniques, SRTs, which are equipped with regasification equipment, LNG offloading equipment (e.g. marinized mechanical loading arms), LNG storage tanks, and equipment to transfer natural gas to an import terminal are utilized as temporary interchangeable FSRUs (TIFs). Two or more TIFs in conjunction with transport vessels (e.g. LNGCs) are utilized to transfer LNG between an export terminal and an import terminal. A first of the TIFs is utilized at an import terminal to offload LNG from LNGCs, while the second of the TIFs is utilized as a LNGC, carrying LNG between the export terminal and import terminal. The first of the TIFs may be replaced by the second of the TIFs to maintain operations for the import terminal.

Abstract: An LNG tank as disclosed can include an inner shell of stainless steel and an outer shell spaced at a distance from the inner shell, the inner and outer shells defining an isolation space therebetween. A double-walled pipe of stainless steel connected to the LNG tank can include an inner pipe. The outer wall of the pipe can be connected to the inner shell by a bellows-like pipe fitting welded to the outer wall of the pipe(s) and to the inner shell of the tank. The inner pipe for extending into a tank room can be connected to a valve in a valve block, and the outer wall of the pipe extending into the tank room can be welded to the valve block to provide a continuous secondary barrier for the inner pipe between the inner shell of the tank and the valve block.

Abstract: A storage tank assembly for storage of cryogenic liquids including a first outer tank and a second, inner tank, the first and second tanks being spaced apart from one another to form an insulation space therebetween. Each of the first and second tanks has a first end, and an opposite second end spaced apart from the first end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end. The assembly further includes a pipe work system comprising a plurality of pipes and a first connector extending through the wall of the first tank, the pipe work being connectable to the first connector such that the pipe work is spaced apart from the wall of the first tank.

Abstract: Marine transportation of natural gas is disclosed, including: a) removing a free water stream and a condensate stream from the source of raw natural gas to produce a dew-pointed unsweetened natural gas stream at an offshore supply location; b) subjecting the dew-pointed unsweetened natural gas stream to a selected level of dehydration to produce a partially dehydrated unsweetened natural gas stream at the offshore supply location; and c) transporting at least a portion of the partially dehydrated unsweetened natural gas stream in a gas containment system onboard a gas carrier vessel from the offshore supply location as a feed source of natural gas to an acid gas removal facility or an LNG production facility located at an offloading location.

Abstract: A system for loading and storing CNG onboard of a barge and for unloading it therefrom comprises CNG loading facilities for loading CNG on board of the barge, CNG storage facilities for storing the loaded CNG on board of the barge at nominal storage pressure and temperature, and CNG unloading facilities for unloading CNG to a delivery point. The delivery point requires the unloaded CNG to be at delivery pressure and temperature generally different from the storage pressure and temperature. Thus, the CNG unloading facilities comprise a CNG heater for heating the to-be-unloaded CNG prior to unloading, and a lamination valve for allowing the to-be-unloaded CNG to expand from its storage pressure to the delivery pressure. A compressor may also be provided to compress CNG that would not otherwise be spontaneously delivered.

Abstract: A liquefied gas treatment system includes: a first stream of boil-off gas, which is generated from the liquefied natural gas in the cargo tank and is discharged from the cargo tank; a second stream of the boil-off gas, which is supplied as fuel to the engine in the first stream; and a third stream of the boil-off gas, which is not supplied to the engine in the first stream. The first stream is compressed in a compressor and is then branched into the second stream and the third stream. The third stream is liquefied by exchanging heat with the first stream in a heat exchanger, so that the boil-off gas is treated without employing a reliquefaction apparatus using a separate refrigerant.

Abstract: Articulated tug and barge arrangements and methods for transportation, storage, and regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) aboard barge units and ballasting the barge units, and LNG bunker barge systems and methods for LNG bunkering, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inner tank supporting structure for an LNG storage tank for a ship, which does not restrict expansion or contraction of an inner tank in circumferential and lengthwise directions while the inner tank is expanded or contracted due to a temperature change caused by storage and discharge of LNG.

Abstract: A hydrogen filling system includes: a hydrogen tank that is filled with hydrogen; a determination unit that determines whether to fill hydrogen into the hydrogen tank; and a temperature regulating unit that regulates a temperature of the hydrogen tank, wherein, when the determination unit determines to fill hydrogen into the hydrogen tank, the temperature regulating unit starts cooling the hydrogen tank before filling of hydrogen into the hydrogen tank is started.

Abstract: A liquefied gas reliquefier reliquefies boil-off gas resulting from evaporation of liquefied gas in a liquefied-gas storage tank to prevent a rise in the internal pressure of the liquefied-gas storage tank. The liquefied gas reliquefier includes a cooling unit for liquefying a secondary refrigerant, a liquefied-secondary-refrigerant feeding unit for feeding the liquefied secondary refrigerant, and a heat exchange unit disposed in the secondary-refrigerant circulating channel to condense the BOG by heat exchange between the BOG and the liquefied secondary refrigerant. The heat exchange unit is disposed near the liquefied-gas storage tank. The cooling unit includes a plurality of pulse-tube refrigerators. The number of pulse-tube refrigerators in operation and/or the cooling capacities of the individual pulse-tube refrigerators are controlled based on a measurement result from at least one of a thermometer, a pressure gauge, and a pump discharge flow meter installed in the liquefied-gas storage tank.

Abstract: A system for offshore liquefaction of natural gas and transport of produced liquefied natural gas using a moored floating production storage and offloading vessel, fluidly connected with a flexible conduit to a moored floating disconnectable turret which can be connected and reconnected to a floating liquefaction vessel with onboard liquefaction unit powered by a dual fuel diesel electric main power plant.

Abstract: A method for offshore liquefaction of natural gas and transport of produced liquefied natural gas using a floating production storage and offloading vessel, fluidly connected with a flexible conduit to a moored floating disconnectable turret which can be connected and reconnected to a liquefaction vessel with onboard liquefaction unit powered by a dual fuel diesel electric main power plant of the liquefied natural gas transport vessel.

Abstract: Method for processing, treatment and liquefaction of natural gas proximate offshore gas fields with a gas floating production storage and offloading vessel with a primary processing unit, a gas treating unit, and a natural gas compressor. The liquefaction is split between a liquefied natural gas transport vessel moored on a disconnectable turret and the floating production storage and offloading vessel. High pressure liquefied natural gas inlet quality gas from the vessel is sent through conduits to the liquefied natural gas transport vessel(s) then back through the disconnectable turrets to the vessel. A separate nitrogen refrigerant on the transport vessel provides final stage liquefaction while being powered by the transport vessel's propulsion plant. When the transport vessel is full, the transport vessel disconnects from the disconnectable turret, and motors to a transfer terminal located in sheltered water for transfer of liquefied natural gas cargo to a standard trading tanker.

Abstract: A cryogenic fuel storage system for an aircraft is disclosed including a cryogenic fuel tank having a first wall forming a storage volume capable of storing a cryogenic liquid fuel; an inflow system capable of flowing the cryogenic liquid fuel into the storage volume; an outflow system adapted to deliver the cryogenic liquid fuel from the cryogenic fuel storage system; and a vent system capable of removing at least a portion of a gaseous fuel formed from the cryogenic liquid fuel in the storage volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a floating LNG plant (1, 1?, 100) comprising a converted LNG carrier with a hull and a plurality of LNG storage tanks (4, 104) wherein in that the floating LNG plant (1, 1?, 100) comprises:—at least one sponson (2, 2?, 3, 3?, 102, 103) on the side of the hull, for creating additional hull volume,—process equipment (110) for LNG processing on the floating LNG plant (1, 1?, 100), and—a reservoir for storing fluids separated during the LNG processing, wherein said reservoir is formed by the ballast tank or in the space reserved for the ballast tank of the original LNG carrier.

Abstract: A method of creating a watertightness barrier for a wall of a watertightened thermally insulating tank, involves steps of: arranging a repeating structure including alternately a strip of sheet metal and an elongate welding flange connected to the support surface, so that the turned-up lateral edges of the strip of sheet metal are positioned against the adjacent welding flanges, welding the turned-up lateral edge to the welding flange using a straight welded seam along a first longitudinal portion, continuing the straight welded seam with an end portion which is deviated in the direction of an upper edge corner, and producing a watertight edge corner welded seam along a second longitudinal portion of the strip of sheet metal such that the edge corner welded seam watertightly meets the end portion of the welded seam.

Abstract: A cryogenic self powered system includes a cooled chamber having a hot face and a cold face; a power generator coupled to the hot face and the cold face to generate electricity therefrom; and a working fluid coupled to the cooled chamber and to the power generator.

Abstract: A demisable fuel supply system for a satellite includes a pressurized aluminum alloy tank with an aluminum alloy propellant management device therein. The propellant management device (PMD) can have any capillary action surface tension fluid transport features known in the art. Selected inner surfaces of the tank and the PMD are covered with a plasma powder sprayed titanium based coating to guarantee propellant wettability and corrosion resistance of the fuel supply system.

Abstract: A demisable fuel supply system for a satellite includes a pressurized aluminum alloy tank with an aluminum alloy propellant management device therein. The propellant management device (PMD) can have any capillary action surface tension fluid transport features known in the art. Selected inner surfaces of the tank and the PMD are covered with a titanium based coating to guarantee propellant wettability and corrosion resistance of the fuel supply system.

Abstract: Marine LNG carrier and method of operating the marine LNG carrier. The LNG carrier carries LNG in at least one tank. Gas composed of evaporated LNG within the at least one tank is removed. The gas is fed to at least one gas consuming prime mover of the LNG carrier. Power is provided with the at least one gas consuming prime mover. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A floating liquefaction vessel and connecting device system for receiving a dry gas, forming a liquefied natural gas, and offloading the liquefied natural gas, wherein the system can include a floating liquefaction vessel for receiving the dry gas, cooling the dry gas to form liquefied natural gas, flowing the liquefied natural to a transport vessel, and receiving a hydrocarbon vapor from the transport vessel. A floating liquefaction vessel controller can monitor offloading of the liquefied natural gas. A connecting device can connect the transport vessel to the floating liquefaction vessel. The connecting device can include an inner walkway telescopically contained within an outer walkway and configured to extend and retract from the outer walkway in response to motions.

Abstract: A method for receiving and processing dry gas into liquefied natural gas, offloading the liquefied natural gas, and transporting the liquefied natural gas to another location, wherein the method can include using a connecting device to: attach and hold a transport vessel to a floating liquefaction vessel. The connecting device can have an inner walkway configured to extend and retract from an outer walkway to accommodate for motions. The method can include receiving and cooling dry gas to form liquefied natural gas, and transferring the liquefied natural gas to the transport vessel. The method can include dynamically positioning the transport vessel in proximity to the floating liquefaction vessel using motions measured by motion sensors and the like. The method can include storing the liquefied natural gas on the floating transport vessel, releasing the transport vessel from the connecting device, and transporting the liquefied natural gas to another location.

Abstract: A method for offloading a liquefied natural gas from a floating liquefaction vessel to a transport vessel for storage and transport, wherein the method can include using a connecting device to attach and hold the transport vessel to the floating liquefaction vessel, and using a ram to move a telescoping walkway of the connecting device from a transport position to a deployed position. The method can include connecting the telescoping walkway to a variety of bow configurations of transport vessels by securing an inner walkway to the transport vessel. The inner walkway can extend and retract from an outer walkway to accommodate for motions. The method can include transferring the liquefied natural gas to the transport vessel. The method can include monitoring receipt, storage, and offloading of the liquefied natural gas and dynamically positioning the transport vessel in proximity to the floating liquefaction vessel.

Abstract: A method for processing a dry gas into a liquefied natural gas and offloading the liquefied natural gas, wherein the method can include using a connecting device to: attach and hold the transport vessel to the floating liquefaction vessel, and enabling an inner walkway to extend and retract from an outer walkway of the connecting device to accommodate for motions. The method can include receiving and cooling dry gas to form liquefied natural gas for transfer to the transport vessel. The method can include transferring personnel and equipment within walkway on the connecting device. The method can include using a transport vessel controller to continuously monitor receipt, storage, and offloading of the liquefied natural gas. The method can include dynamically positioning the transport vessel in proximity to the floating liquefaction vessel using computer instructions and motions measured by sensors or the like.

Abstract: A floating liquefaction vessel and transport system for receiving, storing, and transporting a liquefied natural gas, wherein the system can include a transport vessel for monitoring, receiving, storing, and transporting the liquefied natural gas. A transport vessel controller can dynamically position the transport vessel in proximity to a floating liquefaction vessel using motion sensors, fan beams, and dynamic global positioning systems. The floating liquefaction vessel can include receive a dry gas, and cool the dry gas to form liquefied natural gas for transfer to the transport vessel across a connecting device. The connecting device can connect the transport vessel to the floating liquefaction vessel, and can include: an inner walkway telescopically contained within an outer walkway. The inner walkway can extend and retract from the outer walkway in response to motions.

Abstract: A pretreatment system and method for a floating liquid natural gas (“FLNG”) facility are presented. The inlet natural gas stream flows through a membrane system to remove carbon dioxide and a heat exchanger, producing first and second cooled CO2-depleted non-permeate streams. The first cooled CO2-depleted non-permeate stream is routed to additional pretreatment equipment, while the second cooled CO2-depleted non-permeate stream is routed directly to a LNG train. Alternatively, the inlet natural gas stream may flow through a membrane system to produce a single cooled CO2-depleted non-permeate stream that is routed to the LNG train after sweetening and dehydration. Because the pretreatment system delivers the incoming gas stream to the LNG train at a lower temperature than conventional systems, less energy is needed to convert the gas stream to LNG. In addition, the pretreatment system has a smaller footprint than conventional pretreatment systems.

Abstract: A method and system for transporting fluid is described. The method includes coupling a transit vessel to a terminal vessel associated with at least one terminal. The transit vessel and the terminal vessel are coupled at an open sea or lightering location, which may be selected based upon operational conditions. Then, cryogenic fluid is transferred between the transit vessel and the terminal vessel, while the transit vessel and terminal vessel are moving in substantially the same direction. Once the transfer is complete, the terminal vessel decouples from the transit vessel and moves a terminal to provide the cryogenic fluid to the terminal. The cryogenic fluid may include liquefied natural gas (LNG) and/or liquefied carbon dioxide (CO2).

Abstract: Systems and methods for gas-up and cool down of LNG cargo tanks are described herein. A system includes a supply vessel located at a waterway location, a receiving vessel moored to the supply vessel, and a manifold conduit. The supply vessel is configured to transfer natural gas to the receiving vessel using the manifold conduit for gas-up and cool down of one or more LNG cargo tanks onboard the receiving vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supply station jointly storing a low-temperature-liquefied combustible gas, in particular natural gas, and liquid nitrogen and designed for supplying each component separately or jointly as needed to a vehicle, the supply station being present on the vehicle, the station comprising at least a first storage tank for storing said liquefied combustible gas; and at least a second storage tank for storing said liquid nitrogen and at least one heat-transmitting connection element between the at least one first storage tank and the at least one second storage tank, which connection element is designed so that the combustible gas can be cooled, or can be maintained at a temperature below its boiling point, directly or indirectly by the liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: An LNG carrier having an LNG loading and unloading system includes a submerged turret loading (STL) system for introducing and discharging a natural gas; a liquefaction plant for liquefying the natural gas introduced through the submerged turret loading system into a cryogenic liquefied natural gas; at least one self-supporting storage tank installed in the LNG carrier for storing the liquefied natural gas, the self-supporting storage tank arranged in such a manner that the liquefied natural gas is loaded to and unloaded from the LNG carrier through the self-supporting storage tank; and at least one membrane type storage tank arranged in a neighboring relationship with the self-supporting storage tank, the membrane type storage tank kept in fluid communication with the self-supporting storage tank. The LNG carrier further includes a regasification plant for regasifying the liquefied natural gas stored in the self-supporting storage tank.

Abstract: A refrigerated container and method capable of maintaining super frozen temperatures of about?50 degrees C. or less, includes container walls insulated to a value of at least about r-20, a cargo compartment configured for receiving cargo, and at least one refrigerant compartment configured for receiving refrigerant in the form of CO2 snow. The refrigerant compartment maintains the CO2 snow and vapor sublimating therefrom separately from the cargo compartment. The refrigerant compartment is located within the cargo compartment and configured to permit ambient atmosphere within the cargo compartment to contact at least three sides, and up to six sides, of the refrigerant compartment. The placement of the refrigerant compartment is also configured to generate a temperature gradient within the cargo compartment capable of generating convection therein, so that the super frozen temperatures are maintained within the cargo compartment without the use of external power sources.