Abstract: A gas separation process for treating flue gases from combustion processes, and combustion processes including such gas separation. The invention involves flowing the flue gas stream to be treated across the feed side of a membrane, flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side, then passing the permeate/sweep gas to the combustor.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for the reclamation of carbon dioxide from boiler flue gas as well as for the liquefaction of the reclaimed carbon dioxide for well injection oil recovery are provided. A system can include a boiler, tower scrubber, carbon dioxide absorber, regenerator, reboiler, rectifying tower, condenser and mixing tank. Mixed gases of carbon dioxide and nitrogen for well injection may be reclaimed from boiler flue gas when steam is produced resulting in an increase of crude oil output increase while lessening environmental impact. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides gas purification methods and systems for the recovery and liquefaction of low boiling point organic and inorganic gases, such as methane, propane, CO2, NH3, and chlorofluorocarbons. Many such gases are in the effluent gas of industrial processes and the invention can increase the sustainability and economics of such industrial processes. In a preferred method of the invention, low boiling point gases are adsorbed with a heated activated carbon fiber material maintained at an adsorption temperature during an adsorption cycle. During a low boiling point desorption cycle the activated carbon fiber is heated to a desorption temperature to create a desorption gas stream with concentrated low boiling point gases. The desorption gas stream is actively compressed and/or cooled to condense and liquefy the low boiling point gases, which can then be collected, stored, re-used, sold, etc.

Abstract: Systems and methods of capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide, comprising mixing a substantially non-aqueous solvent and an alkali such that the solvent and alkali form a solvent suspension, mixing water and a flue gas containing carbon dioxide with the solvent suspension such that a reaction occurs, the reaction resulting in the formation of a carbonate, water and heat.

Abstract: A design for equipment and process for reliquefaction of LNG boiloff gas, primarily for shipboard installation, has high thermodynamic efficiency and lower capital cost, smaller size (volume, footprint), lower weight, and less need for maintenance than systems utilizing the prior art. The main refrigerant gas compressor is reduced to a single stage turbocompressor. Optional elements include: compression of boiloff gas at ambient temperature; compression of boiloff gas in one or two stages; turboexpansion of refrigerant gas incorporating one or two turboexpanders; turboexpander energy recovery by mechanical loading, compressor drive, or electric generator; refrigerant sidestream for cooling at the lowest temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a removably attachable compact desiccant cartridge that is useful in lowering the dew point of a medically useful gas, which is liquefied by a cryogenic device. The desiccant cartridge of the present invention comprises a gas feedstream inlet, a dehumidifying zone which comprises a desiccant material, and a dehumidified gas feedstream outlet. The present invention also provides a method for using the same.

Abstract: A process and system for liquefying a hydrocarbon gas is provided. The hydrocarbon feed gas is pre-treated to remove sour species and water therefrom. The pre-treated feed gas is then passed to a refrigeration zone where it is cooled and expanded to produce a hydrocarbon liquid. A closed loop single mixed refrigerant provides most of the refrigeration to the refrigeration zone together with an auxiliary refrigeration system. The auxiliary refrigeration system and closed loop single mixed refrigerant are coupled in such a manner that waste heat generated by a gas turbine drive of the compressor in the closed loop single mixed refrigerant drives the auxiliary refrigeration system and the auxiliary refrigeration system cools the inlet air of the gas turbine. In this way, substantial improvements are made in the production capacity of the system.

Abstract: Impure carbon dioxide (“CO2”) comprising a first contaminant selected from the group consisting of oxygen (“O2”) and carbon monoxide (“CO”) is purified by separating expanded impure carbon dioxide liquid in a mass transfer separation column system. The impure carbon dioxide may be derived from, for example, flue gas from an oxyfuel combustion process or waste gas from a hydrogen (“H2”) PSA system.

Abstract: A cooling system of a first psychrometric mixture having a condensation unit capable of condensing fluid contained in this mixture by direct contact with liquid comprising this fluid, the liquid being in the condensation unit at a temperature below that of the first mixture, and an evaporation unit capable of evaporating liquid in a second psychrometric mixture having fluid, the liquid being in the evaporation unit at a temperature greater than that of the second mixture, the condensation and evaporation units being coupled by a circulation circuit of the liquid, and a regulator for regulating the liquid flow.

Abstract: A method for charging with liquefied ammonia comprising sequentially a feeding step of feeding gaseous ammonia in a condenser, a liquefaction step of converting the gaseous ammonia into a liquefied ammonia in the condenser, and a charging step of feeding the liquefied ammonia formed in the condenser to a vessel to thereby charge the vessel with the liquefied ammonia wherein a cooling step of feeding the liquefied ammonia formed in the condenser to the vessel and cooling the vessel by the latent heat of vaporization of the liquefied ammonia and a circulation step of feeding the gaseous ammonia formed through vaporization of the liquefied ammonia in the previous cooling step to the condenser are carried out between the liquefaction step and the charging step.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling operational parameters of a CO2 compression surface facility or pipeline in order to maintain a CO2 stream having impurities flowing in the pipeline in a liquid or supercritical phase. Sensors may be provided to sense whether the flow is single-phase or two-phase flow, and feedback provided to adjust the pressure and/or temperature at the pipeline inlet. The system is preferably optimized to limit power consumption and/or cost.

Abstract: An ammonia expander in a liquefaction process, the ammonia expander reducing the resulting vapor from the liquid ammonia expansion and increasing the percentage of both the feed gas input and the process output. Embodiments of the ammonia expander comprise a radial inflow reaction turbine with an induction generator mounted on a generator shaft and a turbine mounted on a turbine shaft, the turbine submerged in the liquid ammonia. The turbine extracts torque from the liquid ammonia as it flows through the turbine. The torque from the turbine is transferred from the turbine shaft to the generator shaft, allowing for energy to be extracted from the liquid ammonia stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ink jet printing. More particularly, the invention relates to a condenser assembly for an ink jet printer. The condenser assembly comprises a first condenser adapted to separate first solvent vapour from a first fluid by condensation of said first solvent onto a first coolable surface and a second condenser adapted to separate second solvent vapour from a second fluid by condensation of said second solvent onto a second coolable surface.

Abstract: Produced natural gas containing carbon dioxide is dehydrated and chilled to liquefy the carbon dioxide and then fractionated to produce a waste stream of liquid carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas liquids may be first separated and removed before fractionation. After fractionation, the waste stream is pressurized and transmitted to a remote injection well for injection either for disposal of the waste stream and preferably to urge hydrocarbons toward the producing well. A hydrocarbon stream proceeds from fractionation to a methanol absorber system which removes carbon dioxide gas. The hydrocarbon stream is thereafter separated into at least hydrocarbon gas, nitrogen and helium. Some of the nitrogen is reintroduced into a fractionation tower to enhance the recovery of hydrocarbons. A methanol recovery system is provided to recover and reuse the methanol. The hydrocarbons are sold as natural gas and the helium is recovered and sold. Excess nitrogen is vented.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for liquefying a gaseous hydrocarbon stream such as natural gas. The method comprises at least the steps of providing a feed stream (10) and dividing the feed stream (10) to provide at least a first stream (20) and a second stream (30). The first stream (20) is liquefied using heat exchange against a liquid nitrogen stream (40) to provide a first liquefied hydrocarbon stream (60) and an at least partly evaporated nitrogen stream (70). The second stream (20) is cooled and liquefied by heat exchanging against the at least partly evaporated nitrogen stream (70) to provide a second cooled hydrocarbon stream (80).

Abstract: The described invention relates to processes and systems for treating a gas stream, particularly one rich in methane for forming liquefied natural gas (LNG), said process including: (a) providing a gas stream; (b) providing a refrigerant; (c) compressing said refrigerant to provide a compressed refrigerant; (d) cooling said compressed refrigerant by indirect heat exchange with a cooling fluid; (e) expanding the refrigerant of (d) to cool said refrigerant, thereby producing an expanded, cooled refrigerant; (f) passing said expanded, cooled refrigerant to a first heat exchange area; (g) compressing the gas stream of (a) to a pressure of from greater than or equal to 1,000 psia to less than or equal to 4,500 psia; (h) cooling said compressed gas stream by indirect heat exchange with an external cooling fluid; and heat exchanging the compressed gas stream with the expanded, cooled refrigerant stream.

Abstract: One ozone concentrating chamber is provided therein with a part of a cooling temperature range where ozone can be selectively condensed or an oxygen gas can be selectively removed by transmission from an ozonized oxygen gas, and a part of a temperature range where condensed ozone can be vaporized, and condensed ozone is vaporized by moving condensed ozone with flow of a fluid or by gravitation to the part where condensed ozone can be vaporized, whereby the ozonized oxygen gas can be increased in concentration. Such a constitution is provided that a particle material 13 for condensation and vaporization filled in the ozone concentrating chambers 11 and 12 has a spherical shape of a special shape with multifaceted planes on side surfaces, or an oxygen transmission membrane 130 capable of selectively transmitting an oxygen gas in an ozone gas is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to cryogenic engineering. The inventive device for liquefying and separating gas and for releasing one or more gases from a mixture thereof, comprises, in series axially positioned, a prechamber (1) with gas flow whirling means (2) arranged therein, a subsonic or supersonic nozzle (3) with a working segment (4), which is abutted thereto and to which liquid phase extracting means (5) is connected, and a subsonic diffuser (7) or the combination of a supersonic (6) and the subsonic diffuser (7). The nozzle (3) is designed in such a way that it makes it possible to achieve the ratios, between the inlet and outlet cross-sectional areas and the minimum cross-section thereof, which provides, at the output of the nozzle, a statical pressure and a statical temperature corresponding to the conditions of condensation of gas or target gas mixture components. The length of the working segment (4) is selected according to a condition of forming condensate drops with a size greater than 0.

Abstract: A process and system for oil-contaminated soil remediation and oil recovery from oil-bearing media such as oil-contaminated soil, different types of oil-bearing sludge's from oil producers, upgraders and refineries, oil shale, oil sands, and coal oil shale, oil sands and coal includes (1) a portable or fixed twin thermal desorption unit with two rotating trundles in one stationary house, and (2) multiple co-combustion burners burning coal, scrap tires, used oils, sludge's containing high oil content, propane and natural gas to supply heat for the twin desorption unit, and (3) a suction fan to create a slightly vacuum environment, receive vapors and send them to (4) a cooling line with a heavy component condenser to condense heavy oils, a set of air cooling pipe to condense light oils and steam and a three-phase (gas/oil/water) separation tank to separate oil from water, and (5) a feeding line with a blender to break wet lumps and a crasher to break rocks presence in the raw material being processed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for the vibration-free cooling of a gas. In a first cooling step, the gas is brought into thermal contact with a first cooling medium. In a second cooling step, it then flows through a liquefier, which is in thermal contact with a second cooling medium, and is thereby cooled by no more than 10 K. This low temperature gradient is primarily responsible for the gaseous or liquid gas flow exiting the liquefier being highly homogeneous and laminar. It is therefore suited for further processing into a flow of solid pellets having consistent size. These pellets can be transported across several meters in a vacuum and are therefore suited as a target material for generating a plasma by way of intensive laser radiation.

Abstract: In a fuel vapour recovery system, fuel vapour is drawn off and converted to liquid fuel. The system comprises a compressor, individually closable inlets for the fuel vapour and leading to an inlet duct of the compressor, a return duct by way of which an outlet of the compressor communicates with the inlet duct, and a control device which controls communication between that outlet and the inlet duct via the return duct in dependence upon the number of the inlets which is open.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method for treating a natural gas containing ethane, comprising the following stages: (a) extraction of at least one part of the ethane from the natural gas; (b) reforming of at least one part of the extracted ethane into a synthesis gas; (c) methanation of the synthesis gas into a methane-rich gas; and (d) mixing of the methane-rich gas with the natural gas. Installation for implementing this method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for capture of CO2 from a gas stream by anti-sublimation, comprising the steps of evacuation of liquefied CO2 from a frosting vessel 1; evacuation of residual gases containing CO2 from the frosting vessel 1; and refrigeration of evacuated residual gases to a temperature at which liquid CO2 is formed.

Abstract: Method of purifying a feed stream containing carbon dioxide wherein the feed stream after having been compressed and dried is partly cooled and then used to reboil a stripping column. Thereafter, the feed stream is further cooled and expanded to a lower operational temperature of the stripping column. A carbon dioxide product stream composed of the liquid column bottoms of the stripping column is expanded at one or more pressures to generate refrigeration, then fully vaporized within the main heat exchanger and compressed by a compressor to produce a compressed carbon dioxide product. Refrigeration is recovered in the main heat exchanger from a column overhead stream extracted from the stripping column within the main heat exchanger either directly or indirectly by auxiliary processing in which carbon dioxide is further separated and optionally recycled back to the main compressor used in compressing the feed stream.

Abstract: Controlled RVP C5+ products are produced from feed gas in configurations and methods in which a heavier portion of the feed gas is fractionated into several streams having distinct RVP and in which a C5+ stream is produced from the lighter portion of the feed gas. The so formed streams are then combined to produce C5+ products with controlled RVP. Thus, RVP control is achieved without the need for external products for blending process streams derived from the feed gas.

Abstract: A mixture of air and one or more halogenated alkanes is directed to a gas separation membrane where it is separated into an oxygen, nitrogen, and moisture-enriched and halogenated alkane-depleted permeate and a halogenated alkane-enriched and oxygen, nitrogen, and moisture-depleted retentate. The retentate is directed to a cryogenic condenser where an amount of halogenated alkane is condensed therein.

Abstract: A design for equipment and process for reliquefaction of LNG boiloff gas, primarily for shipboard installation, has high thermodynamic efficiency and lower capital cost, smaller size (volume, footprint), lower weight, and less need for maintenance than systems utilizing the prior art. The main refrigerant gas compressor is reduced to a single stage turbocompressor. Optional elements include: compression of boiloff gas at ambient temperature; compression of boiloff gas in one or two stages; turboexpansion of refrigerant gas incorporating one or two turboexpanders; turboexpander energy recovery by mechanical loading, compressor drive, or electric generator; refrigerant sidestream for cooling at the lowest temperatures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for condensing CO2 or CO2 separation. According to the invention the thermoacoustic effect is used, with the aid of waste heat from a power station, to produce power for a compressor for compressing a working medium, in particular for compressing a CO2-containing flue gas, and/or for cooling the working medium.

Abstract: A condensation system is disclosed where a multi-component fluid is condensed to form a condensate, a portion of which is sub-cooled and mixed with non-condensable vapor in the system to reduce the accumulation of non-condensable vapor and to improve the stability and efficiency of the condensation system.

Abstract: A design for equipment and process for reliquefaction of LNG boiloff gas, primarily for shipboard installation, has high thermodynamic efficiency and lower capital cost, smaller size (volume, footprint), lower weight, and less need for maintenance than systems utilizing the prior art. The main refrigerant gas compressor is reduced to a single stage turbocompressor. Optional elements include: compression of boiloff gas at ambient temperature; compression of boiloff gas in one or two stages; turboexpansion of refrigerant gas incorporating one or two turboexpanders; turboexpander energy recovery by mechanical loading, compressor drive, or electric generator; refrigerant sidestream for cooling at the lowest temperatures.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for improving the safety and efficiency and decreasing the cost of producing liquid gas, such as liquid oxygen, with a small-scale use liquefaction device, according to various embodiments of the present invention. In one embodiment, liquid oxygen barrier may be added to interface between a cryocooler and a dewar to control rate of liquid oxygen escape upon a tipping of the dewar. A boiloff vessel in fluid communication with the dewar allows expanding gas from a tipped dewar to escape while allowing the liquid to safely settle in the boiloff vessel. A temperature sensing circuit, in proximity with a heat dissipator or cold finger of the cryocooler, is operable to break an electrical power circuit of the cryocooler or cooling fan when a sensed temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. Oxygen purity of a feed stream of gas may be sensed and/or displayed.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems for processing fluid streams having multiple constituents are provided including embodiments utilizing ascending temperature separation processes as well as combined ascending and descending temperature separation processes. For example, in one embodiment, a mixed gas stream may be processed by flowing the stream through multiple heat exchangers, expanding the stream, and then separating the stream into a liquid portion and a vapor portion. The vapor portion, having an increased or decreased concentration of an identified constituent may then pass through the heat exchangers again in reverse order and collected. The liquid portion may then be subjected to further, sequential separation acts which each take place at increasing temperatures. In another embodiment, numerous, sequential separation acts take place in, for example, at decreasing temperatures and, subsequently, at increasing temperatures.

Abstract: A reliquifier using a cryocooler in which an insulated sleeve surrounds a portion of the cold head, a first stage cooling station, and a second stage cooling station, including a condenser. Gas is conveyed from a cryostat to the insulated sleeve, where it is liquefied as it passes over the cold head. An end of the insulated sleeve is connected to a liquid transfer tube for conveying condensed fluid back to the cryostat.

Abstract: A reliquifier using a cryocooler in which an insulated sleeve surrounds a portion of the cold head, a first stage cooling station, and a second stage cooling station, including a condenser. Gas is conveyed from a cryostat to the insulated sleeve, where it is liquefied as it passes over the cold head. An end of the insulated sleeve is connected to a liquid transfer tube for conveying condensed fluid back to the cryostat.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making noncommercial amounts of a gas a liquid using a Joule-Thomson device. The device uses a precooler, a compressor, a Joule-Thomson valve and a thermally insulated housing.

Abstract: Gases are vented from a waste site such as a landfill, and the gases are separated into at least three streams comprising a hydrocarbon stream, a carbon dioxide stream, and residue stream. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream and hydrocarbon stream are liquefied or converted to a supercritical liquid. At least some of the carbon dioxide gas stream (as a liquid or supercritical fluid) is used in a cleaning step, preferably a polymer cleaning step, and more preferably a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling process, and most preferably in a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling system where the cleaning is performed on-site at the waste site.

Abstract: A process for separating carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide containing fluid comprises the steps of: compressing the fluid in a compressor to form a compressed fluid, drying at least part of the compressed fluid to form a compressed and dried fluid, cooling at least part of the compressed and dried fluid to form a compressed, dried and cooled fluid, separating the compressed, dried and cooled fluid at a temperature lower than 0° C. into a carbon dioxide rich stream, a carbon dioxide lean stream and at least one intermediate purity liquid stream having a carbon dioxide purity lower than that of the carbon dioxide rich stream and higher than that of the carbon dioxide lean stream, expanding at least one intermediate purity liquid stream to produce at least one expanded stream using at least one expanded stream to cool the compressed and dried fluid and recycling at least part of the expanded stream.

Abstract: A system for transfer of cryogenic fluids and a method to keep the system at cryogenic temperatures during non-transfer periods requires an insulated transfer pipe that is inclined with a high end at a storage tank, a transfer jumper extending from the high end to the vapor area of the tank and a feeding line fluidly connecting to the high end also. During idle periods, the cryogenic liquid is fed from the storage tank into the transfer pipe to compensate the liquid that vaporizes in the transfer pipe due to heat leakage from the surroundings. The fed liquid flows down by gravity, and the boil-off gas flows back to the storage tank along the top of the transfer pipe and through the transfer jumper. As a result, the transfer system is kept at cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for continuously separating aromatic dialdehyde from a reaction mixture obtained by gas-phase oxidation of dimethylbenzene. The method for continuously separating aromatic dialdehyde includes the steps of congealing aromatic dialdehyde by cooling the gas-phase reaction mixture including the aromatic dialdehyde, which is obtained by gas-phase oxidation of dimethylbenzene, to 5-70° C. and separating the congealed aromatic dialdehyde from the remaining reaction mixture. Using the method and apparatus in accordance with the present invention, aromatic dialdehyde can be effectively and selectively separated from a reaction mixture obtained by gas-phase oxidation of dimethylbenzene in high yield.

Abstract: A method and apparatus facilitate lowering the temperature of a cooling module positioned in heat exchange relation to a loaded container to be maintained at a low temperature. The module establishes convective air flow in heat exchange relation to the load without the use of forced air circulation. The module is self-contained and externally accessible to supply water and liquid CO2 to the module interior. Expansion and change in state of the liquid CO2 lowers the temperature of a water ice and CO2 snow mixture in the module. By continuing inflow of CO2 after terminating inflow of water, the mixture can be cooled from about ?76° F. to about ?117° F. Convective air flow in heat exchange relation to the module walls circulates cooling air, thereby eliminating any direct contact of products with the liquid CO2 or CO2 snow formed by the expanding refrigerant.

Abstract: A unique process cycle and apparatus design separates the consumer (cryogenic) load return flow from most of the recycle return flow of a refrigerator and/or liquefier process cycle. The refrigerator and/or liquefier process recycle return flow is recompressed by a multi-stage compressor set and the consumer load return flow is recompressed by an independent consumer load compressor set that maintains a desirable constant suction pressure using a consumer load bypass control valve and the consumer load return pressure control valve that controls the consumer load compressor's suction pressure. The discharge pressure of this consumer load compressor is thereby allowed to float at the intermediate pressure in between the first and second stage recycle compressor sets.

Abstract: A synthesis plant (309A) includes a compression device (360A) that increases a pressure differential between the bottom product pressure of a cryogenic separator (340A) and the delivery pressure of the bottom product to a downstream plant component. Such increased pressure differential is employed to increase cooling in the separator (340A) to thereby significantly reduce the volume of excess air. In most preferred aspects, at least part of the energy required for the compression device is provided by expansion (320A) of the separator feed.

Abstract: Apparatus for carbon dioxide liquefaction comprising a flow channel for carbon dioxide passage from an inlet port to an outlet port. The channel comprises a plurality of compressors (2, 5, 8) and coolers (4, 7, 9, 10, 13) arranged in series with an expansion chamber (14, 15) in said flow channel downstream of the final compressor (8) and cooler (9, 10, 13). The apparatus also comprises a recirculation channel (16) arranged to return gaseous carbon dioxide from said expansion chamber (15) into said flow channel (3) upstream of said final compressor (8) and cooler (9, 10, 13).

Abstract: A zero-emissions power plant receives natural gas from wells at elevated pressure and temperature. Gas is expanded through one or more turbo-expanders, preferably reformed, and sent to a fuel cell where electricity, heat, carbon-dioxide, and water are generated. The carbon-dioxide is compressed by at least one compressor and piped downhole for sequestration. The turbo-expanders have shafts which preferably share the shafts of the compressors. Thus, energy given up by the natural gas in the turbo-expanders is used to run compressors which compress carbon dioxide for downhole sequestration. In one embodiment, the natural gas is applied to heat exchangers in order to generate a stream of liquid natural gas. The remainder of the gas is expanded through the turbo-expanders and processed in the reformer prior to being sent to the fuel cell. A shifter may be used between the reformer and fuel cell. A solid oxide fuel cell is preferred.

Abstract: Gases are vented from a waste site such as a landfill, and the gases are separated into at least three streams comprising a hydrocarbon stream, a carbon dioxide stream, and residue stream. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream and hydrocarbon stream are liquefied or converted to a supercritical liquid. At least some of the carbon dioxide gas stream (as a liquid or supercritical fluid) is used in a cleaning step, preferably a polymer cleaning step, and more preferably a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling process, and most preferably in a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling system where the cleaning is performed on-site at the waste site.

Abstract: A cold head (20; 30) for a cryo refrigerator comprises at least one refrigerator tube (5), at least one pulse tube (6, 9), and one feed line (4) for feeding a working gas from a turning valve (3) of the cryo refrigerator to a warm end of the regenerator tube (5), wherein a cold end of the pulse tube (6, 9) is connected to a cold end of the regenerator tube (5) via a connecting line (7, 8), and wherein a buffer line (10, 11) extending to a buffer volume (14, 15) of the cryo refrigerator is provided at a warm end of the pulse tube (6, 9), is characterized in that a first reversing valve (21) is provided in the feed line (4), and a second reversing valve (23; 31, 32) is provided in the buffer line (10, 11), such that, in a rinsing state of the reversing valves (21, 23; 31, 32), the turning valve (3) and the buffer volume (14, 15) are separated from the regenerator tube (5) and from the pulse tube (6, 9), and the regenerator tube (5) and the pulse tube (6, 9) can be rinsed via the reversing valves (21, 23; 31, 32

Abstract: A unique process cycle and apparatus design separates the consumer (cryogenic) load return flow from most of the recycle return flow of a refrigerator and/or liquefier process cycle. The refrigerator and/or liquefier process recycle return flow is recompressed by a multi-stage compressor set and the consumer load return flow is recompressed by an independent consumer load compressor set that maintains a desirable constant suction pressure using a consumer load bypass control valve and the consumer load return pressure control valve that controls the consumer load compressor's suction pressure. The discharge pressure of this consumer load compressor is thereby allowed to float at the intermediate pressure in between the first and second stage recycle compressor sets.

Abstract: A process and system for condensing a multi-component fluid is disclosed, where the process and system are designed to provide a substantial increase in a heat transfer coefficient during condensation of multi-component fluids resulting in a drastic reduction in size and cost of heat exchangers need to condense such fluids. The system and method includes a plurality of heat exchangers and at least one scrubber and splitters and mixers supporting streams that allow a mixed stream to be supplied to each heat exchange unit having parameters designed to increase, optimize or maximize the heat transfer coefficient in each heat exchanger.

Abstract: A condenser (10) and method for separating a fluid flow is provided. The condenser (10) maybe used for separating a cathode exhaust flow (60) into a condensed liquid (86) and a non-condensed gas (70). The condenser (10) includes a vertical inlet (14), a vertical outlet (16), a gas flow path (20), a liquid flow path (22), a non-condensed gas outlet (24) and a condensed liquid outlet (26).

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for improving the safety and efficiency and decreasing the cost of producing liquid gas, such as liquid oxygen, with a small-scale use liquefaction device, according to various embodiments of the present invention. In one embodiment, liquid oxygen barrier may be added to interface between a cryocooler and a dewar to control rate of liquid oxygen escape upon a tipping of the dewar. A boiloff vessel in fluid communication with the dewar allows expanding gas from a tipped dewar to escape while allowing the liquid to safely settle in the boiloff vessel. A temperature sensing circuit, in proximity with a heat dissipator or cold finger of the cryocooler, is operable to break an electrical power circuit of the cryocooler or cooling fan when a sensed temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. Oxygen purity of a feed stream of gas may be sensed and/or displayed.