Abstract: Segmented articulatable stent of open structure comprised of end-connected struts making up the segments with angular interconnects between segments.

Abstract: A unitary or integral stent graft having both structural and fluid exclusion properties if formed. The stent graft includes structural elements, such as wires, which are interdigitated with fluid barrier elements, such as a fabric, to form a unitary body such that the graft need not be sewn or otherwise attached to a structural stent member. In one aspect, the stent graft has a shape memory feature, such that is may be manufactured in its final use configuration, distorted for easy delivery to an aneurysmal blood vessel, site and deployed, and in location regain its original shape.

Abstract: A radiopaque nitinol stent for implantation in a body lumen is disclosed. The stent is made from a superelastic alloy such as nickel-titanium or nitinol, and includes a ternary element including tungsten. The added tungsten in specified amounts improve the radiopacity of the nitinol stent comparable to that of a stainless steel stent of the same strut pattern coated with a thin layer of gold. Furthermore, the nitinol stent has improved radiopacity yet retains its superelastic and shape memory behavior and further maintains a thin strut/wall thickness for high flexibility.

Abstract: Balloon catheter comprising an elongate distal section and a flexible and expandable balloon accommodating said distal section, further comprising means for the supply of a pressure medium for expansion of said balloon and heating means for heating said medium, further comprising an intermediate section and a a proximal section containing a central tube, whose distal part is provided with at least one outlet for said medium within said balloon, and whose intermediate part is surrounded by an axially extending tube. The catheter has a first annular space containing a heat-insulating medium and a second annular space for a cooling medium. The invention also provides for a method for treatment by pressure and chat of a mammalian duct or cavity.

Abstract: An intraluminal prosthesis is provided with a plurality of annular elements. Each annular element includes a plurality of struts and apices connected to form an annular configuration. Each annular element has a compressed state and an expanded state, and has a longitudinal dimension which is smaller in the expanded state than in the compressed state. A plurality of connecting members connect the apices of adjacent annular elements. The connecting members have a plurality of alternating segments that function to compensate for the smaller longitudinal dimension of each annular element in the expanded state. The stent may be provided with varying flexibility along its length and/or circumference, and may include segments that have different diameters.

Abstract: An expandable stent for use within a body lumen that is coated with a radiation-absorbing material and that is not plastically expandable at normal body temperatures but is expandable at a temperature between about 38° C. to 60° C. following exposure to radiation. The invention also relates to a method of deploying such a stent within the body.

Abstract: A prosthesis for transluminal implantation consists of a flexible tubular three-dimensionally braided structure of metal or polymeric monofilaments, and polymeric multifilament yarns. The prosthesis can be elastically deformed to reduce its diameter through axial elongation. The monofilaments and multifilament yarns are arranged in axially spaced apart helices, concentric on a common central axis of the prosthesis. The monofilaments are selectively shaped before their interbraiding with the multifilament yarns, either by an age-hardening or other heat-setting stage, or a cold-working stage that controllably plastically deforms the strands. The shaped structural strands cooperate to impart to the prosthesis its nominal shape and resilience. The textile strands cooperate to provide one or more layers of sheeting that reduce permeability and thereby enhance the utility of the prosthesis as a vascular graft.

Abstract: A medical device for use within a body lumen that is made from a binary nickel-titanium alloy that remains in its austenitic phase throughout its operational range is disclosed. The medical device, such as an intraluminal stent, is made from superelastic nickel-titanium and may optionally be alloyed with a ternary element. By adding the ternary element and/or through heat treatment, it is possible to lower the phase transformation temperature between the austenitic phase and the martensitic phase of the nickel-titanium alloy. By lowering the phase transformation temperature, the martensite deformation temperature is likewise depressed. It is possible then to depress the martensite deformation temperature below body temperature such that when the device is used in a body lumen for medical treatment, the nickel-titanium device remains completely in the austenitic phase without appearance of stress-induced martensite even if the device is placed under stress.

Abstract: A vascular device movable from a collapsed insertion position having a first diameter to a first expanded position and further movable to a second expanded position having a second diameter larger than the first diameter. A plurality of vessel engaging members extend outwardly from the device for securing the internal wall of a vessel upon expansion of the device to the second expanded position. The vessel engaging members pull the internal wall of the vessel radially inwardly upon movement of the device from the second expanded position toward the first expanded position having a third diameter greater than the first diameter and less than the second diameter.

Abstract: A stent and a method of making it from a wire, which method includes winding the wire on a mandrel, heating to form a coiled spring, and reversing the winding direction of the coiled spring to form the reversed coiled spring stent. The stent so formed may be reheated over a special mandrel so as to partly relax the outer portion of some or all of the stent coils. The stent may be made up of two or more sections, with adjoining section wound in opposite senses. Such a stent may be deployed by winding the stent onto a catheter, immobilizing the two ends of the wire and one or more intermediate points, bringing the stent to the location where it is to be deployed, and releasing first the intermediate point or points and then the end points. The release of the wire may be accomplished by heating the thread immobilizing the wire so that the thread breaks and releases the wire.

Abstract: An expandable stent is fabricated from a plurality of circumferential rings, each pair of adjacent circumferential rings being interconnected by a multiplicity of links, each link contacting a portion of a strut in one ring along one longitudinal axis and a portion a strut in a directly adjacent ring along a different longitudinal axis. Each link is circumferentially S-shaped and adjacent links are mirror images of each other. The resulting stent is both flexible and strong when expanded thereby providing good scaffolding. In one embodiment, the strut material is fabricated of shape memory alloy such that when the strut is compressed so as to be insertable into a vessel, the strut will automatically expand to its previous dimension upon rising to the temperature of the vessel in which it is placed, thereby to expand and hold open the vessel without need for a balloon catheter.

Abstract: A vascular device comprising a plurality of vessel engaging members and a valve. The device is movable from a collapsed insertion position having a first diameter to a second expanded position having a second diameter larger than the first diameter. The plurality of vessel engaging members extend outwardly from the device for securely engaging the internal wall of a vessel upon expansion of the device to the second expanded position, wherein the vessel engaging members pull the internal wall of the vessel radially inwardly upon movement of the device from the second expanded position toward a first expanded position having a third diameter greater than the first diameter and less than the second diameter. In the first expanded position the valve is movable between an open position to allow blood flow therethrough to a closed position to prevent blood flow.

Abstract: A polyurethane article with shape memory, comprising a mixture of thermoplastic polyurethane and reactive monomer cross-linker which is formed into a shaped article, irradiated, expanded and applied to a medical device, specifically a biomedical electrical lead.

Abstract: A new multiple component stent arrangement which allows for initial self-expansion and subsequent deformation to a final enlarged size.

Abstract: A medical device for use within a body lumen that is made from a binary nickel-titanium alloy that remains in its austenitic phase throughout its operational range is disclosed. The medical device, such as an intraluminal stent, is made from superelastic nickel-titanium and may optionally be alloyed with a ternary element. By adding the ternary element and/or through heat treatment, it is possible to lower the phase transformation temperature between the austenitic phase and the martensitic phase of the nickel-titanium alloy. By lowering the phase transformation temperature, the martensite deformation temperature is likewise depressed. It is possible then to depress the martensite deformation temperature below body temperature such that when the device is used in a body lumen for medical treatment, the nickel-titanium device remains completely in the austenitic phase without appearance of stress-induced martensite even if the device is placed under stress.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing medical devices of a size sufficiently small to be passed through the vasculature of the body, and more particularly through the small vessels of the brain. The method includes the steps of laser cutting a pattern of apertures in the surface of a tubular workpiece, radially compressing the tubular workpiece to reduce the outer dimensions of the workpiece and heat setting the reduced diameter workpiece to form the very small medical device.

Abstract: An expandable stent for use within a body lumen that is coated with a radiation-absorbing material and that is not plastically expandable at normal body temperatures but is expandable at a temperature between about 38° C. to 60° C. following exposure to radiation. The invention also relates to a method of deploying such a stent within the body.

Abstract: Self-expandable, woven intravascular devices for use as stents (both straight and tapered), filters (both temporary and permanent) and occluders for insertion and implantation into a variety of anatomical structures. The devices may be formed from shape memory metals such as nitinol. The devices may also be formed from biodegradable materials. Delivery systems for the devices include two hollow tubes that operate coaxially. A device is secured to the tubes prior to the implantation and delivery of the device by securing one end of the device to the outside of the inner tube and by securing the other end of the device to the outside of the outer tube. The stents may be partially or completely covered by graft materials, but may also be bare. The devices may be formed from a single wire. The devices may be formed by either hand or machine weaving.

Abstract: A secure stent for maintaining a lumenal opening constructed preferably as a tubular structure of NiTi material or bioabsorbable polymers. The circumference of the tube is preferably in the shape of a polygon in contrast to the circular or oval shape of a body lumen into which the stent is to be placed. The polygon shape and ribs provides interference with the lumen wall and resists stent migration. The diameter of the stent tube is configured with each end enlarged providing flanges for interference with a lumen wall. The central portion of the stent is also bulged out to an increased diameter to provide an enhanced lumen wall resistance to avoid migration. In addition, the locking feature of a ribbed structure prevents the stent from collapsing, and thereby maintains the lumen opening. The stent is preferably constructed from polymers, including bioabsorbable polymers, and/or super elastic materials. The bioabsorbable polymer construction aids removal by causing the tube diameter to collapse.

Abstract: An implantable endoluminal device that is fabricated from materials that present a blood or body fluid and tissue contact surface that has controlled heterogeneities in material constitution. An endoluminal stent-graft and web-stent that is made of an monolithic material deposited into a monolayer and etched into regions of structural members and web regions subtending interstitial regions between the structural members. An endoluminal graft is also provided which is made of a biocompatible metal or metal-like material. The endoluminal stent-graft is characterized by having controlled heterogeneities in the stent material along the blood flow surface of the stent and the method of fabricating the stent using vacuum deposition methods.

Abstract: A new multiple component stent arrangement which allows for initial self-expansion and subsequent deformation to a final enlarged size. These tissue supporting devices are generally cylindrical or tubular. They have at least one component which is deformable, by an external force, to maintain further expansion.

Abstract: A delivery, deployment and retrieval device for a stent made from a phase-change material includes a balloon catheter modified to allow the stent to be secured on the outside of the balloon without the need for a sheath. A temperature-controlled fluid to effect a phase change to expand the stent is injected through an inflation lumen to maintain the selected temperature and to inflate the balloon. The balloon maintains intimate physical and thermal contact with the stent during deployment. One or more exit apertures are provided for the fluid to escape from the inflation lumen and enhance the phase change by bathing the stent with the fluid.

Abstract: A portion of a covered stent is encapsulated with ePTFE, so that the unencapsulated portion, which is covered by a single ePTFE covering, imparts an unimpaired flexibility to the stent. One surface of the stent, either the luminal or abluminal surface, is covered by a single continuous layer of ePTFE, while limited regions, preferably near the ends of the stent, of the other surface are also covered by ePTFE. The regions covered by ePTFE on both surfaces become encapsulated when the ePTFE of one layer becomes bonded to second layer. By leaving a middle region of the stent unencapsulated, the stent retains flexibility similar to a bare stent, thereby reducing the loading and deployment forces.

Abstract: A stent manufactured for treating internal tubular organs, typically for treating a blood vessel, in which the stent has a sufficient diametral shrinkage ability and an ability for returning back to the original diameter thereof. A zigzag shape-memorized stent A is manufactured by performing shape memorization where a wire 1 is fixed in a zigzag bent manner in which the wire is made from a shape-memorizing Ni—Ti alloy not having been subject to shape-memorization of any sort. A stent A being shape-memorized with a zigzag shape as well as a cylindrical shape could be manufactured by performing shape-memorization process in which a stent having been shape-memorized into a zigzag shape with the end portions thereof being connected by overlapping with each other, is attached to a cylindrical jig.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an expandable stent for implantation in a body lumen, such as a coronary artery. The stent consists of radially expandable cylindrical rings generally aligned on a common axis and interconnected by one or more links. At least some of the links are formed of a polymer material providing longitudinal and flexural flexibility to the stent while maintaining sufficient column strength to space the rings along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A stent having marker tabs formed from a micro-alloyed combination of materials provides for more precise placement and post-procedural visualization in a vessel, by increasing the radiopacity of the stent under X-ray fluoroscopy. A unique micro-alloying process is utilized to form the tabs, comprising a first alloy and a second alloy, wherein one of these alloys is radiopaque. This substantially eliminates the possibility of galvanic action between the tab and the stent. This process is also applicable to other medical devices.

Abstract: A method for treating venous valve insufficiency comprising inserting a delivery device and a vascular device into a target vessel adjacent valve leaflets of the vessel, deploying the vascular device to an enlarged diameter to securely engage the internal wall of the vessel and reducing the diameter of the vascular device to move the vessel wall radially inwardly and bring the valve leaflets closer together.

Abstract: The present invention involves medical devices, and also the delivery systems used to convey them to a desired location for treatment and then deploy them in position. Of course, it is desirable for many reasons to reduce the amount of stress or loading in the compressed medical device. Less stress generally means the device is more flexible during delivery, less friction during deployment, less possibility of device failure. Also, less stress may indicate the delivery system can obtain a longer shelf life, needs to support less expansive force, and can be designed with greater flexibility and smaller dimensions to reach smaller and more delicate anatomy. The novel technique of the present invention includes intentionally “over-compressing” the stent or other medical device to a size slightly smaller than eventually desired, using much greater pressure, and then “relaxing” the stent by allowing it to expand slightly to the desired initial size.

Abstract: A stent radially expandable from a radially contracted introduction state into a radially expanded position state, in which the final shape of the stent can be controlled by varying the amount and places energy is delivered onto the interior surfaces of the tubes from which the stent is fabricated, and means to seal the opening into the aneurysm, thereby causing the blood therein to clot and preventing the aneurysm from growing or rupturing.

Abstract: A stent comprises a lattice of interconnecting elements defining a substantially cylindrical configuration having a first open end and a second open end. The lattice has a locked configuration and an open configuration. The stent also comprises a plurality of bridges connecting the interconnecting elements wherein each bridge interlocks with an adjacent bridge in the locked configuration and each bridge separates from the adjacent bridge in the open configuration. A second embodiment for the stent also comprises a lattice of interconnecting elements including a plurality of struts wherein each strut interlocks with an adjacent strut in the locked configuration and each strut separates from the adjacent strut in the open configuration.

Abstract: A method of loading a shape memory, superelastic (or pseudoelastic) stent onto an insertion catheter by cooling the stent to its martensite state with a spray of refrigerant, cold gas, or expanding gas. The stent may then be loaded onto the delivery catheter without the force necessary to deform the stent through the formation of stress induced martensite.

Abstract: An intraluminal prosthesis is provided with a plurality of annular elements. Each annular element includes a plurality of struts and apices connected to form an annular configuration. Each annular element has a compressed state and an expanded state, and has a longitudinal dimension which is smaller in the expanded state than in the compressed state. A plurality of connecting members connect the apices of adjacent annular elements. The connecting members have a plurality of alternating segments that function to compensate for the smaller longitudinal dimension of each annular element in the expanded state. The stent may be provided with varying flexibility along its length and/or circumference, and may include segments that have different diameters.

Abstract: Methods for delivery and deploying a stent formed of a shape memory alloy to a desired position in a tubular area of the body, and/or for repositioning and/or retrieving a stent formed of a two-way shape memory alloy. An arrangement is provided by which the temperature of the stent is locally adjusted during delivery, repositioning and/or retrieval in a safe and controlled manner by engagement with an expandable and collapsible thermal transfer member situated on a catheter assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed are implants for use in biomedical treatment thermally, including thermo-coil, thermo-guide wire and thermostent. Thermally heated, magnetic material selected from among duplex stainless steel, nickel-copper alloy, iron-nickel alloy, palladium-cobalt alloy, and palladium-nickel alloy is fabricated into coils or tubular forms which can be inserted into the lumen. The material is treated at 200-1,500° C. After being inserted into the body, the implants can generate heat by themselves in response to the application of an external magnetic field, without a separate electrical connection to the exterior, thereby inducing necrosis or physiological changes at the target site and neighboring tissues to improve therapeutic effects at the target site.

Abstract: A new multiple component stent arrangement which allows for initial self-expansion and subsequent deformation to a final enlarged size. These tissue supporting devices are generally cylindrical or tubular. They have at least one component which is deformable, by an external force, to maintain further expansion.

Abstract: A prosthetic device for sustaining a vessel or hollow organ lumen (a stent) has a tubular wire frame (1) with rows of elongate cells (2) having a larger axis and a smaller axis. The cells are arranged with the larger axis in the circumferential direction of the frame (2) and the smaller axis parallel to the axial direction thereof. Each cell is formed by two U-shaped wire sections, and in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis one of the branches of the U-shaped wire sections in one row form together a closed ring shape (4) which provides the frame (1) with large radial stiffness. In the axial direction the frame (1) has only low stiffness so that it easily conforms to the vascular wall even if this deforms due to external loads. The interconnection between the cells (2) may be flexible.

Abstract: A stent for occluding the human ductus arteriosus comprises a length of wire of shape memory effect or superelastic material which is expandable from a relatively straightened state for introduction into the patient to an occluding state wherein the wire defines an occluding anchor part and a spiral anchor part and a straight linking part connecting the two wherein the wire has a series of turns extending over the cross-sectional area of the occluding anchor part.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an intracorporeal device formed of a high strength Co—Ni—Cr alloy and is particularly suitable for forming a composite product with a pseudoelastic member formed of NiTi alloy. Suitable intracorporeal products include guidewires and stents. The high strength alloy consists essentially of about 28 to about 65% cobalt, about 2 to about 40% nickel, about 5 to about 35% chromium, up to about 12% molybdenum, up to about 20% tungsten, up to about 20% iron and the balance inconsequential amounts of impurities and other alloying constituents, with a preferred alloy composition including about 30 to about 45% cobalt, about 25 to about 37% nickel, about 15 to about 25% chromium and about 5 to about 15% molybdenum. Intravascular devices such as guidewires, stents and the like can be formed of this high strength Co—Ni—Cr alloy.

Abstract: A stent system and method for use in the prostate gland. The stent is made of a shape memory alloy such as nitinol, and has a low temperature martensite state, with a martensite transition temperature below body temperature, and a high temperature austenite state, with an austenite transition temperature at or above body temperature, and a memorized shape in the high temperature austenite state which is a helical coil of diameter large enough to hold the prostatic urethra open. The stent is used to heat the prostate and is left in the prostatic urethra while the prostate heals. After the prostate is substantially healed, the stent is cooled to its martensite state and is easily removed from the urethra.

Abstract: A stent is reversibly deformable between a lower-temperature shape and a higher-temperature shape in accordance with temperature changes in a patient's body. The stent has a hollow cylindrical body formed by a plurality of braided filament bodies made of a Ti—Ni alloy of excessive Ni. A lower-temperature shape memorizing process and a higher-temperature shape memorizing process are conducted to the hollow cylindrical body to memorize the lower-temperature and higher-temperature shapes, respectively. The crossing filament bodies are fixed only at the ends of the stent.

Abstract: System and method for opening and temporarily supporting a section of a generally tubular organ, the system includes a dilation catheter, the dilation catheter includes an integrally connected shape memory catheter tip, the shape memory catheter tip, is made of a shape memory alloy, wherein said shape memory catheter tip assumes a first shape at a first temperature and a second shape at a second temperature.

Abstract: A radiopaque nitinol medical device such as a stent for use with or implantation in a body lumen is disclosed. The stent is made from a superelastic alloy such as nickel-titanium or nitinol, and includes a ternary element selected from the group of chemical elements consisting of iridium, platinum, gold, rhenium, tungsten, palladium, rhodium, tantalum, silver, ruthenium, or hafnium. The added ternary element improves the radiopacity of the nitinol stent comparable to that of a stainless steel stent of the same size and strut pattern coated with a thin layer of gold. The nitinol stent has improved radiopacity yet retains its superelastic and shape memory behavior and further maintains a thin strut/wall thickness for high flexibility.

Abstract: An expandable stent to be positioned and implanted at the intersection of a great vessel and a branch vessel. A deployable stop engages the wall of the great vessel surrounding the ostium and the stent body extends into and is implanted in a branch vessel. A sheath holds the stent in a compressed state during delivery and a retainer holds the stop in an undeployed position while the delivery system is advanced to a desired location at the intersection of the great vessel and the branch vessel.

Abstract: A stent, in particular a peripheral stent, for expansion from a first condition in which it can be introduced into a vessel (8; 8′″) into a second condition in which it holds the vessel (8; 8′″) expanded, comprising a number of annular support portions (2, 2.1, 2.

Abstract: The invention provides a means of boosting the mechanical performance of shaped shaped medical devices comprising polymer hydrogels, such as stents, so that they may be more easily inserted into or removed from the body. In one aspect, the invention provides shaped medical devices having increased mechanical strength and comprising both ionic and covalent crosslinks. In another aspect, the invention provides a shaped medical device having a heterogeneous polymer composition and a variable dissolution or degradation rate along its length. The shaped medical devices according to the present invention retain their shape and stiffness during insertion into the body and can swell and soften inside the body to enhance patient comfort.

Abstract: Stented tubular grafts of expanded, sintered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The stented PTFE grafts of the present invention include an integrally stented embodiment, an externally stented embodiment, and an internally stented embodiment. In each embodiment, the stent may be either self-expanding or pressure-expandable. Also, in each embodiment, the stent may be coated or covered with a plastic material capable of being affixed (e.g., heat fused) to PTFE. Manufacturing methods are also disclosed by the individual components of the stented grafts are preassembled on a mandrel and are subsequently heated to facilitate attachment of the PTFE layer(s) to one another and/or to the stent. Optionally, the stented graft may be post-flexed and post-expanded following it's removal from the mandrel to ensure that the stented graft will be freely radially expandable and/or radially contractible over it's full intended range of diameters.

Abstract: There is provided a system for opening and temporarily supporting a section of a generally tubular organ. The system includes a dilation catheter which has an integrally connected shape memory catheter tip. The shape memory catheter tip is made of a shape memory alloy. The shape memory catheter tip assumes a first shape at a first temperature and a second shape at a second temperature. Accordingly, the shape memory catheter tip is inserted into the body of the patient, while being in a narrow shape and expands within the body of the patient.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a stent for insertion into a vessel of a patient. The stent is a tubular member having front and back open ends and a longitudinal axis extending therebetween. The tubular member has a first smaller diameter for insertion into a patient and navigation through the vessels, and a second larger diameter for deployment into the target area of a vessel. The tubular member is made from a plurality of adjacent hoops extending between the front and back ends. The hoops include a plurality of longitudinal struts and a plurality of loops connecting adjacent struts. The stent further includes a plurality of bridges having loop to bridge connections which connect adjacent hoops to one another. The bridge to loop connection points are separated angularly with respect to the longitudinal axis. The bridges have one end attached to a loop, another end attached to a loop on an adjacent hoop.

Abstract: A vascular device movable from a collapsed insertion position to a first expanded position having a first diameter and further movable to a second expanded position having a second diameter larger than the first diameter. A plurality of vessel engaging members extend outwardly from the device for securing the internal wall of a vessel upon expansion of the device to the second expanded position, The vessel engaging members pull the internal wall of the vessel towards radially inwardly upon movement of the device from the second expanded position toward the first expanded position having a third diameter greater than the first diameter and less than the second diameter.

Abstract: Segmented articulatable stent of open structure comprised of end-connected struts making up the segments with angular interconnects between segments.