Abstract: An implantable artificial sphincter system for reversibly occluding a body passageway, preferably the urethra, enables the body passageway to be opened and closed in sequence due to the action of a lifting and lowering device which is adapted to be in integral contact with or disposed about the body passageway. An actuating device is operably connected to the lifting and lowering device, and a pump capable of being volitionally operated is in fluid communication with the actuating device to provide a pressurized flow of fluid into the actuating device.

Abstract: A method for providing ventricular assist to a patient with a weak or nonfunctional heart includes attaching an artificial ventricle to a patient and pumping said artificial ventricle with a muscle powered hydraulic pump. This method is enhanced by supplementing said artificial ventricle as needed with a pneumatic pumping system which is hermetically sealed from the hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic pumping power is amplified by driving a first pumping member of larger dimension against a second pumping member of smaller dimension to thereby supply increased force to overcome existing blood pressure.

Abstract: A teaching playback swing-phase-controlled above-knee prosthesis comprises a thigh frame, a leg frame, an air cylinder interconnecting the thigh and leg frames and provided with adjusting means for adjusting the degree of opening the valve of the air cylinder to a plurality of degrees respectively for a plurality of walking speeds selected during trial walking, a mode selecting switch having positions respectively for setting degrees of opening of the valve of the air cylinder in a teaching mode and for a playback mode in which one of the degrees of opening is selected according to an actual walking speed, an opening detector for detecting the degree of opening of the valve of the air cylinder, an opening storage device for storing a plurality of set degrees of opening of the valve of the air cylinder, a phase detector for detecting swing phases and stance phases, walking speed detector for detecting an actual walking speed, and control unit for adjusting the degree of opening of the valve of the air cylinder

Abstract: An exoskeletal robotic device supplements relative movement between biological skeletal members coupled at a biological joint of a wearer, and preferably forms complete sections of a skeleton to be worn by a human. First and second frame members for mechanical joints are attachable to the wearer adjacent the biological joint. The mechanical joints define a center of relative rotation of the frame members about at least two, and preferably three mutually perpendicular axes, the center of relative rotation of the frame members being displaced from the outer surfaces of the skeletal members to correspond in position with the center of the biological joint. Actuation devices in the form of hydraulic cylinders are coupled between the first and second frame members for rotating the frame members under power under control of a microprocessor which can execute stored sequences or apply power in the same direction as exerted by the wearer against pressure sensors coupled to the microprocessor.

Abstract: A primary fluid actuated, secondary fluid propelling system, suitable for use, for example, as an implantable, artificial heart device, comprises a unidirectional pump for pumping electrorheological fluid, two return loops connected to the pump, and for each return loop, two electrorheological valves therein in series flow, and a primary fluid actuated, secondary fluid propelling device connected to that loop at a position between the two electrorheologocal valves therein. The primary fluid actuated, secondary fluid propelling devices may comprise a casing having the interior thereof divided by a pressure transmitting flexible diaphragm into a first cavity for receiving electrorheological fluid from that return loop, and a second cavity for propelling the secondary fluid. The electrorheological valves are actuated to pressurize one first cavity while emptying the other and vice versa.

Abstract: A therapeutic electronic range of motion apparatus includes a remote subsystem for generating motion commands which are transmitted to a local subsystem at an orthosis, prosthesis or CPM machine. The local subsystem includes a local controller for controlling and monitoring the position, speed, and direction of an actuator which moves an orthotic brace, prosthesis or CPM machine mounting. The apparatus is programmable enabling a patient to program stopping positions which thereafter are selectable by command. When the actuator is not in motion the local controller enters a sleep mode to conserve power. The controller is automatically awakened when a motion command is received.

Abstract: A robotic joint wherein an elongated support member attached at one end to a base has the other end thereof pivotally attached to one end of a lever, the other end of the lever extending away from the support member. A tension strip extends along the support member and over the other end of the lever, the ends of the tension strip being attached to the base on opposite sides of the support member. A pair of bladders positioned between the tension strip and the support member on opposite sides thereof can be inflated to apply a tensile force to the strip and cause the lever to pivot, carring with it a finger which is attached to the lever.

Abstract: A vertebral prosthesis locates between vertebral bodies of a human body. The prosthesis has tubular inner and outer bodies that telescope relative to each other. Each body has a platform on its end. The platform secures to adjacent vertebral bodies. Sharp pins on the platform pierce the vertebral bodies to stabilize the prosthesis. A bracket slides laterally and secures by screws to sides of the vertebral bodies.

Abstract: An implantable heart-assist device including extra-aortic balloon pump (EAB pump) for use in cooperation with a fluid pump is disclosed. The extra-aortic balloon pump includes a rigid, generally cylindrical housing and a flexible, generally cylindrical diaphragm residing generally within a longitudinal passageway in the rigid housing and secured to the rigid housing so as to create a plurality of separate expansion chambers. A plurality of fluid communication ports are provided for passing fluid into and out of the respective expansion chambers. The rigid housing includes interior and exterior surfaces, proximal and distal ends, and a longitudinal passageway. The diaphragm has an inner surface which defines a longitudinal lumen within the longitudinal passageway. The longitudinal lumen has a longitudinal axis and the respective expansion chambers and corresponding fluid communication ports are oriented axisymmetrically in respect to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An adjustable prosthetic device for a vocal cord includes an actuator member for locating a paralyzed vocal cord in a predetermined phonation position. The device further includes a support member for supporting the actuator member in a predetermined position proximate the paralyzed vocal cord. A fluid input/withdrawal station for introducing or removing fluid from engagement with the actuator member enables the actuator member to change the location of the paralyzed vocal cord from a first predetermined phonation position to another selected position. In several embodiements of the invention the actuator member is a fluid expandable shell. In other embodiments of the invention the actuator member is a piston-expandable bellows and a movable ratchet member. The support member that supports the actuator member can be hung onto a thyroid cartilage or passed through the thyroid cartilage.

Abstract: An apparatus for mounting a socket above the knee of an amputee, wherein the socket is arranged for mounting a prosthesis to a lower terminal end thereof. The sleeve includes an internal cage formed of rigid rods, including hook members imbedded within a semi-spherical sleeve support, with the cage encased in a polymeric covering. A vent is provided through the sleeve support for venting interiorly of the socket. The socket may further include pneumatic chambers for enhanced comfort in support of the socket.

Abstract: A teaching playback swing-phase-controlled above-knee prosthesis comprises a thigh frame, a leg frame, an air cylinder interconnecting the thigh and leg frames and provided with adjusting means for adjusting the degree of opening the valve of the air cylinder to a plurality of degrees respectively for a plurality of walking speeds selected during trial walking, a mode selecting switch having positions respectively for setting degrees of opening of the valve of the air cylinder in a teaching mode and for a playback mode in which one of the degrees of opening is selected according to an actual walking speed, an opening detector for detecting the degree of opening of the valve of the air cylinder, an opening storage device for storing a plurality of set degreess of opening of the valve of the air cylinder, a phase detector for detecing swing phases and stance phases, walking speed detector for detecting an actual walking speed, and control unit for adjusting the degree of opening of the valve of the air cylinder

Abstract: A teaching playback swing-phase-controlled above-knee prosthesis comprises a thigh frame, a leg frame an air cylinder interconnecting the thigh and leg frames and provided with adjusting means for adjusting the degree of opening the valve of the air cylinder to a plurality of degrees respectively for a plurality of walking speeds selected during trial walking, a gait selecting switch having positions respectively for setting degrees of opening of the valve of the air cylinder in a teaching mode and for playback mode in which one of the degrees of opening is selected according to an actual walking speed, an opening detector for detecting the degree of opening of the valve of the air cylinder, an opening storage device for storing a plurality of set degrees of opening of the valve of the air cylinder, a phase detector for detecting swing phases and stance phases, walking speed detector for detecting an acutal walking speed, and control unit for adjusting the degree of opening of the valve of the air cylinder in

Abstract: Modular components of a lower extremity orthotic device are fitted to a patient and assembled at once. The components include thermoplastic inner and outer side members and a thermoplastic ankle foot orthotic member for a standing frame lower extremity orthotic device. To allow patient pivotal knee rotation, knee joints and means for operating knee joints are interspaced between thigh and calf side members.

Abstract: A prosthetic appliance for residual limb is disclosed comprising a prosthesis member having a cavity defined by side walls formed of a rigid molded material. A separate removable molded socket member formed of a flexible material is nested within cavity of the prosthesis member and is adapted to receive the residual limb. Several separate, independently inflatable bladders preferably attached to the exterior of the socket member, when inflated, act against the rigid side walls of the prosthesis member to resiliently force discrete portions of the socket member side walls inwardly to grip the residual limb.

Abstract: A bracket for a body part comprising a first member attachable to a first portion of the body part, a second member attachable to a second portion of the body part, the first and second members being spaced apart a predetermined distance, a force applying device disposed between the first and second members and coupled to the members for exerting a force between the members, a control device in communication with the force applying device for activating the force applying device to generate a force between the first and second members, and a flexible coupling for coupling the force applying device to at least one of the first and second members to allow flexing of the body part, the force applying device providing a force between the first and second members and thus across the body part when the body part is in an unflexed, straight position.

Abstract: A prosthetic leg has a pivotal knee joint and a hydraulic fluid control unit connected to provide variable forces which dampen flexion and extension of the knee and also bias the leg to its extended position. The unit includes an aluminum housing lined with an axially adjustable sleeve and control bushing defining a cylindrical chamber which receives a piston mounted on a tubular piston rod. The housing and chamber receive hydraulic fluid or oil which flows during movement of the piston through fluid control ports, channel and adjustable gaps defined by the sleeve and bushing for damping the movement of the rod. The piston rod encloses a gas filled flexible bladder which forms an oil accumulator during inward movement of the piston rod and also produces variable forces for moving the piston rod outwardly to its extended position. The housing confines a gap defining ring which compensates for changes in oil viscosity with heat.

Abstract: An improved robotic contractile device having, besides general industrial and other-wages applicability for automation and other purposes, particularly attractive utility in and for prosthetic appliances and which is characterizable in being able to function in a way remarkably analogous to that of biological muscle is structurally made up of an expandable conduit which is contractible on fluid inflation with a plurality of longitudinally-directed filaments peripherally-secured thereabout that are connectable with an object to be moved or displaced as a result of the contractability experienced upon inflation of said conduit; there being associated means in the device for introducing and exhausting fluid under pressure to the interior of the said conduit in order to inflate same to effectuate its motive contraction action and deflate it to its normal rest condition of maximum or intermediate extension.

Abstract: A universal modular frame for use as a component in an above-knee endoskeletal prosthesis comprises a one-piece rigid outer frame of closed configuration having an upper sleeve extending between lateral and medial sides of the frame and adapted for connection to a linkage and socket for an above knee amputation, rigid lateral and medial side arms rigidly affixed to and extending downwardly from the sleeve, the lateral and medial side arms having recessed lightening recesses therein for reducing the weight of the frame, and a lower base extending between and rigidly affixed to bottom portions of the lateral and medial side arms. The outer frame forms the perimeter of an open central region for mounting a knee motion and gait control unit. The lower base has a flat bottom face and a pattern of spaced apart holes extending through the lower base for use in receiving corresponding fastening means for rigidly but releasably affixing an upper connecting portion of a lower leg pylon to the bottom of the outer frame.

Abstract: A hydraulic controller for the motion of a prosthetic joint has a piston--cylinder unit whose working chambers on opposite sides of the piston are connected to each other by a connecting passage and to a compensating chamber which stores a volume of hydraulic fluid to compensate for the difference in the volumes of the cylinder chambers resulting from the fact that the piston rod passes through one of them. Regardless of the direction of movement of the piston in the cylinder, utilizing checkvalves and adjustable throttle elements, the flow is controlled between the chambers so that separate throttle elements can effectively control the opposite movements while check valves permit filling of chambers.

Abstract: The invention provides a motorized joint which has a pair of members that are movable relative to one another about a joint. Power to actuate the joint is provided by an inflatable hose inflating to transmit the force due to the expansion thereof via a strap or other elements interconnecting the members. The motorized joint can be covered with artificial flesh which, together with the expansion of the inflatable hose, creates the realistic appearance of a muscle flexing.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a mechanical hand constructed to simulate the range of motion of a human band. The mechanical hand provides a remote manipulator device capable of reproducing all of the motions of the human wrist, hand, fingers, and thumb in a compact in-line package. The configuration of the hand allows the motion of each finger or digit to be independent of the motion the wrist and of the motion of each other digit. Also the motion of each joint of each digit is independent of the motion of each other joint on the same digit and other joints of other digits. Also, the hand allows the amount of pressure applied to an object by the digits and the resistance to motion of the joints in the hand by an external applied force on the hand to vary under the control of features inherent in the hand's construction. Further, a method for the organization of actuators for the hand, that may be fluid-activated cylinders, is described.

Abstract: A means and method for tactile stimulus reception for use with a myoelectric prosthesis includes a pressure transducer positioned on the prosthesis. The pressure transducer senses the level of pressure experienced by the gripping portion of the prosthesis and converts the sensed pressure into a corresponding signal. A pressure stimulus member is positionable upon the user and creates a pressure stimulus proportionally corresponding to the sensed pressure of the pressure transducer by utilizing the signal from the pressure transducer. The pressure stimulus is tactile so that the user can be given direct tactile pressure stimulation corresponding directly with the pressure sensed by the pressure transducer.

Abstract: An artificial skeletal mechanism having a central rigid inverted T-shaped link and a pair of elastic tubular actuators on either side of the link, each actuator having an inner chamber for receiving a pressure fluid serving to pretension it. Each actuator has one end articulated to one end of the cross bar of the T so that they are antagonistically pretensioned. The artificial skeletal mechanism is intended to transform the contraction of one actuator, following extension of the other, into rotation of the link which is articulated at the free end of its long bar.

Abstract: A blood pump is powered by an implantable motive power source. The blood pump has four actively pumping chambers, two of the chambers simulating ventricles and two of the chambers simulating atria, wherein the ventricular and atrial chambers are driven in a reciprocating manner by a pivoting wedge hinged to a septal wall partition separating the ventricular from the atrial chambers. The pivoting wedge is hydraulically powered through systole and diastole by means of hydraulic motors harnessed individually to respective skeletal muscles and responsive to the contraction of these muscles which are sequentially contracted by control stimulation means. The hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic motors is transmitted through hydraulic lines to the blood pump.

Abstract: A hydraulic damping unit, particularly for use in artificial joints. The unit includes a cylinder housing having a screw-in bottom part. A hollow piston is guided in the housing and has on its jacket a shoulder which delimits with corresponding flanges on the inner wall of the housing two chambers of variable volume for storing a hydraulic liquid. A hollow throttling piston is guided in the main piston and is formed with an annular recess which communicates with respective variable volume chambers via passages passing through the jacket of the main piston at both sides of the shoulder. In the range of both passages, the bottom of the recess of the throttling piston is connected to the outer surface of the latter via a sloping annular surface which, depending on the relative position of the throttling piston to the main piston, adjusts the clearance of the passages to control the resistance to flow of the hydraulic liquid.

Abstract: A pair of inflatable tubes for implanting in the corporal cavernosa of a man's penis to restore potency. These prosthesis tubes contain a small charge of a hydrocarbon fluid which when heated to a temperature above 98.3.degree. F. boils, building up a gas pressure and causing a stiffening of the prosthesis tubes. When the prosthesis is cooled below 98.3.degree. F. the gas condenses and allows the prosthesis to go limp again. The use of a heat sensitive hydrocarbon in the prosthesis eliminates the need for a pump as a prime mover to cause an erection.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing a specified task within the human body has an implanted electromagnetic device for use in conjunction with an external electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic device includes a drive member which is a rotor of an electric motor. The drive member, when located within an electromagnetic field, will drive a pump to pump fluid from a reservoir such as to a pair of prosthesis cylinders implanted in the penis. The external electromagnetic field is an AC stator that has an aperture for positioning over the rotor, which is located in a sealed housing implanted in the scrotum.

Abstract: A fluid cushioning apparatus acting as a pivoting medium of two objects having a pivoting feature includes a sleeve, a shaft and a partitioning piece. The shaft has two radially enlarged annulations being closely and rotatably mounted in the sleeve and a dividing wall being axially and radially extended between the two annulations to closely engage with the interior wall of the sleeve. The sleeve is mounted on a first object and the shaft is mounted on a second object which is always to have a pivoting relationship with the first object. The partitioning piece is capable of being closely fitted among the sleeve, the shaft and the two annulations and is secured on the sleeve so that the space formed between the shaft and the sleeve is divided into two compartments.

Abstract: A penile prosthesis which is adapted for surgical implantation includes a pair of fluid fillable prosthetic members and a fluid reservoir containing a supply of the fluid. A pump pumps fluid from the reservoir to the prosthetic members. The pump includes a valving section which is fluidly connected with the reservoir and the prosthetic members, and a pumping section for pumping the fluid from the reservoir to the prosthetic members. The valving section includes a deformable housing with a supply inlet passage fluidly connected to the reservoir and two outlet passages, each outlet passage fluidly connected to a corresponding prosthetic member. Each passage has a check valve for directing the flow of fluid from the reservoir, through the pumping section and into the prosthetic members. When the valving section is manually deformed, the check valves are placed in an inoperable state permitting flow of the fluid from the prosthetic member, through the pumping section, and back into the reservoir.

Abstract: An apparatus and operating system to be used by a paraplegic or other crippled person has a patient-supporting walker of stable construction, braces extending entirely along the user's legs, a body-supported pneumatic system for alternately moving the legs in a pre-determined manner, and user-operated control means for operating the system.