Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a hollow glass item and, specifically, to a method for manufacturing an item made of hollow pressed glass. The method includes a step of depositing at least one drop of molten glass into a mold intended for modelling a predetermined outer shape of the glass item to be manufactured; a step of pressing the molten glass into the mold by a shaping punch in order to shape the hollow glass item by hollowing out an inside space; a step of marking the glass item with a marking tool which is independent from the shaping punch, in order to imprint at least one raised and/or recessed pattern in the inside space of the glass item; a step of cooling the marked, pressed glass item; and a step of removing the glass item from the mold.

Abstract: The invention envisions a method for improving the thermal shock resistance of glass objects. For this a glass object is heated starting from a surface temperature under the softening point (42) on the surface of a first side (3) until the viscosity reaches or goes below a value of 10(7.65±2) poise.

Abstract: A member is made of titania-doped quartz glass in which striae have a curvature radius of at least 150 mm in a surface perpendicular to an EUV-reflecting surface. The member free of exposed striae and having a high flatness is useful in EUV lithography.

Abstract: A method for producing a vial with low alkali elution by removing a deteriorated region caused by processing on an internal surface of a vial is disclosed. The method is for forming vials from borosilicate glass tubes with a bottom wherein an internal surface of the tube is fire-blasted with a flame.

Abstract: To provide a measure for reducing the leaching values of alkali components defined in ISO4802 and the like as much as possible in a glass container for use in storage or the like of pharmaceuticals or the like. The measure includes a container converting process of processing a glass tube into a container shape having a bottom and an opening to form a vial and a fire blast process of scanning an inner surface of the vial with a flame of a point burner while emitting the flame to an internal space of the vial and applying the flame to the inner surface.

Abstract: The invention envisions a method for improving the thermal shock resistance of glass objects. For this a glass object is heated starting from a surface temperature under the softening point (42) on the surface of a first side (3) until the viscosity reaches or goes below a value of 10(7.65±2) poise.

Abstract: Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors which satisfy COG requirements and which are compatible with reducing atmosphere sintering conditions so that non-noble metals such as nickel and nickel alloys thereof may be used for internal and external electrodes are made in accordance with the invention. The capacitors exhibit desirable dielectric properties (high capacitance, low dissipation factor, high insulation resistance), excellent performance on highly accelerated life testing, and very good resistance to dielectric breakdown. The dielectric layers comprise a strontium zirconate matrix doped with other metal oxides such as TiO2, MgO, B2O3, CaO, Al2O3, SiO2, and SrO in various combinations.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a quartz glass jig for use in semiconductor industries, which enables increasing the surface layer cleanliness simply and surely at low cost; it also provides a quartz glass jig improved in surface layer cleanliness. The inventive means for resolution are a method comprising processing a quartz glass raw material into a desired shape by a treatment inclusive of fire working, annealing for stress removal, and cleaning treatment to obtain the final product, the method is characterized by that it comprises performing gas phase etching step and gas phase purification step on the surface layer of the quartz glass jig after applying the annealing treatment for stress removal but before the cleaning treatment, wherein the gas phase purification step is carried out continuously after the gas phase etching step.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for manufacturing glass optical elements by press molding a heated and softened glass material in preheated molds. In the process, the glass material is heated while it is floated by a gas blow and the heated and softened glass material is transferred to the preheated molds and then subjected to press molding. Alternatively, the process comprises: heating a glass material at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of lower than 109 poises, preheating molds at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of from 109 to 1012 poises, subjecting the heated and softened glass material to initial press in the preheated molds for 3 to 60 seconds, starting to cool the vicinity of molding surfaces of the molds at a rate of 20° C.

Abstract: An optical member made of silica glass manufactured by the direct method where a material gas comprising an organosilicon compound is allowed to react in an oxidizing flame,

Abstract: A method for opening or sealing glass ampoules (38) by melting the glass with the help of a jet (36) of a hot medium, characterized in that the medium is an atmospheric plasma, produced by an electric discharge.

Abstract: A conveyor belt including a series of predefined sections and elevated support structures at the edges of each section for supporting items on the belt above the belt at each section.

Abstract: Processes for manufacturing glass optical elements by press molding a heated and softened glass material in preheated molds. In the process, the glass material is heated while it is floated by a gas blow and the heated and softened glass material is transferred to the preheated molds and then subjected to press molding. Alternatively, the process comprises: heating a glass material at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of lower than 109 poises, preheating molds at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of from 109 to 1012 poises, subjecting the heated and softened glass material to initial press in the preheated molds for 3 to 60 seconds, starting to cool the vicinity of molding surfaces of the molds at a rate of 20° C.

Abstract: A process for modifying the surface of a solid substrate includes modifying the surface with at least one oxidizing flame and modifying the surface with at least one silicatising flame. The process is particularly beneficial in preparing glass and other surfaces for printing thereon.

Abstract: The optical fiber base material heat treatment method can be provided that the first flame polishing heats the surface of the optical fiber base material (106) with fixing a length of the optical fiber base material (106) and the second flame polishing heats the surface of the optical fiber base material (106) by lower temperature than the temperature of the heating of the first flame polishing.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for manufacturing glass optical elements by press molding a heated and softened glass material in preheated molds. In the process, the glass material is heated while it is floated by a gas blow and the heated and softened glass material is transferred to the preheated molds and then subjected to press molding. Alternatively, the process comprises: heating a glass material at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of lower than 109 poises, preheating molds at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of from 109 to 1012 poises, subjecting the heated and softened glass material to initial press in the preheated molds for 3 to 60 seconds, starting to cool the vicinity of molding surfaces of the molds at a rate of 20° C.

Abstract: In a process for manufacture of dense, amorphous quartz glass granulate by production of a porous granulate from amorphous SiO2 powder and vitrification of the granulate, a porous SiO2 granulate is exposed to a fuel gas flame and is finely dispersed, heated and vitrified therein. The fuel gas flame is more flexible as concerns adjustment of the temperature than in known processes. It is in particular possible to set higher temperatures. The granulate can be exposed to very high sintering temperatures in the fuel gas flame without sintering into agglomerates. At the same time, heat resistance problems of sintering containers such as furnaces and melting pots are avoided. In addition, contamination of the SiO2 granulate by contact with the walls of sintering or vitrifying containers is eliminated. The process makes it possible to economically produce a highly pure and dense quartz glass granulate.

Abstract: A method and an machine for the manufacturing of syringes by vertically feeding long glass tubes to an intermittently rotary forming machine, having two horizontally rotary machine sections each intermittently rotating on a central vertical axis of a stationary machine frame, to a plurality of forming stations, each machine section having a plurality of continuously rotary gripping chucks mounted on the stationary machine frame, a plurality of burner nozzles and a plurality of forming tools, for firstly opening a closed lower end of a glass tube, forming a tip for a needle at the lower end of the glass tube, cutting off a syringe body including the tip at a lower end, and then translating the syringe body to the second machine forming section for opening a closed upper end of the syringe body, forming a finger flange at the upper end of the syringe body and release the finished syringe body at a discharging machine.

Abstract: A known method for producing an object having a flanged tubular portion at the outer periphery, comprises supplying a continuously extended, cylindrical body made of the flange material to a welding zone at the tubular portion of the object and welding the flange material to the welding zone by heating and winding the cylindrical body around the object.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a glass container and an apparatus therefor capable of providing the container by pressing of a glass substrate using a die while keeping the glass substrate uniformly heated and softened. The glass substrate is heated while being kept lifted from a lower mold of a forming die and then subject to integral forming by the forming die. This permits the glass substrate to be integrally formed into the glass container in the form of a finished product, resulting in the number of steps and time required for processing being reduced.

Abstract: The smoothness of refractory dielectric bodies, particularly silica sol-gel bodies, is substantially improved by a relatively straightforward treatment. In particular, the surface of the body is treated with a plasma fireball, such as induced by a plasma torch. The treatment is able to reduce the roughness, as measured by RA, in overcladding tubes formed by a sol-gel process by at least a factor of 2, typically at least a factor of 5. It is also possible to improve the smoothness of silica tubes that are drawn from a billet. Typically, the process reduces the roughness of silica bodies to an RA of about 1 microinch or less.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying heat to a rotatable workpiece is disclosed. A rotating lathe is provided for mounting a workpiece, for example a quartz tube, thereto so as to enable rotation of the workpiece. At least one translatable burner is coupled to a fuel source and an oxygen source for producing a flame. The burner is directed such that flame impinges upon the workpiece mounted on the rotating lathe. A first pulse control valve is coupled to and positioned between the translatable burner and the fuel source. A second pulse control valve is coupled to and positioned between the translatable burners and the oxygen course. The first and second pulse control valves are pulsed at a predetermined frequency to prevent the formation of a steady thermal boundary layer about the workpiece to improve the rate of heat transfer between the flame and the workpiece.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for manufacturing glass optical elements by press molding a heated and softened glass material in preheated molds. In the process, the glass material is heated while it is floated by a gas blow and the heated and softened glass material is transferred to the preheated molds and then subjected to press molding. Alternatively, the process comprises: heating a glass material at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of lower than 10.sup.9 poises, preheating molds at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of from 10.sup.9 to 10.sup.12 poises, subjecting the heated and softened glass material to initial press in the preheated molds for 3 to 60 seconds, starting to cool the vicinity of molding surfaces of the molds at a rate of 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a quartz glass product of enhanced opacity manufactured by fusion of silica particles, the opacity being enhanced by the reaction of an organosilicon additive in the course of the fusion process. A method of enhancing the opacity of a quart glass product by fusing silica particles in the presence of an organosilicon additive is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a side glass for a vacuum fluorescent display is provided wherein a glass is cut to a predetermined length in accordance with the size of the vacuum fluorescent display. The glass is then bent to coincide two ends of the glass in accordance with the shape of the vacuum fluorescent display, and the two ends of the glass are adhered to one another. A sealing frit is applied on the upper side of the glass, and is plasticized and cured.

Abstract: Processes for manufacturing glass optical elements by press molding a heated and softened glass material in preheated molds. In the process, the glass material is heated while it is floated by a gas blow and the heated and softened glass material is transferred to the preheated molds and then subjected to press molding. Alternatively, the process comprises: heating a glass material at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of lower than 10.sup.9 poises, preheating molds at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of from 10.sup.9 to 10.sup.12 poises, subjecting the heated and softened glass material to initial press in the preheated molds for 3 to 60 seconds, starting to cool the vicinity of molding surfaces of the molds at a rate of 20.degree. C.

Abstract: During the fire-polishing of a lengthwise extended glass body (3), for example a preform for drawing optical fibers, the glass body (3) is held by a holding device (5, 7), and is heated by a burner (23) moving at a variable advancing speed parallel to the lengthwise axis (19). The surface temperature of the glass body (3) is determined with a temperature measuring device (25). The mechanical stress condition of the glass body (3) is detected with an optical device (29) and can be controlled by varying the burner temperature and/or the advancing speed of the burner. The invention makes it possible to counteract the occurrence of high mechanical stresses in the glass body (3).

Abstract: An apparatus for heating an elongated glass body, which, for example, may be used as a pre-form for the drawing of glass fibers, includes a rotatable first chuck wherein the first end of the elongated glass body may be rotatably secured. In addition the apparatus includes a second rotatable chuck whereat the second end of the elongated glass body is introduced into a quartz tube and this quartz tube is clamped into the rotatable second chuck. A burner, which is adapted to slide parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated glass tube, heats the elongated glass body in such a manner, that a so called fire polish of the elongated glass body for the improvement of its surface quality occurs. A method for heating the elongated glass body is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical fiber glass preform is preheated so that it is uniformly preheated therethrough, then a surface of the preform is abraded by an oxyhydrogen flame to obtain a smooth optical fiber glass preform. This method is advantageous when relatively larger diameter preforms are treated in this manner because the step of uniformly preheating the preform reduces or eliminates a temperature differential therein. The temperature differential could otherwise cause the preform to crack during cooling.

Abstract: The present invention provides large, high-purity quartz glass plate with a high degree of smoothness and flatness, its manufacturing method and equipment. The invention is characterized by the procedure in which a quartz glass tube with an opening over a specific width, in the direction of the tube shaft, that is preferably band-shaped, is heated and softened in a band-shaped area over the entire width, in the direction of the tube shaft, progressing sequentially along the direction of tube circumference from a specific position on the glass tube. While softening and heating, the quartz glass tube is pulled in a line approximately tangential to the specific position to flatten the glass tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process wherein a large glass preform is flame abraded to have a clear and smooth surface. In particular, the present invention pertains to a method for flame abrading a surface of a rotating glass preform by an oxyhydrogen flame which moves along a length of the glass preform, in which a movement velocity of the oxyhydrogen flame or a flow rate of oxyhydrogen of the oxyhydrogen flame is varied to conduct the flame abrasion treatment.

Abstract: The high-purity, opaque quartz glass containing 3.times.10.sup.6 -9.times.10.sup.6 of closed cells having an average size of 20-40 .mu.m per 1 cm.sup.3, a ratio of closed cells having sizes of 100 .mu.m or more to the whole of cells being 1% or less, thereby showing 5% or less of linear transmittance for near infrared rays (.lambda.=900 nm) at a thickness of 1 mm is produced by compacting amorphous silica powder having an average particle size of 0.5-10 .mu.m, in which each of impurities selected from Li, Na, K, Fe, Ti and Al is 1 ppm or less, if any, and sintering the resultant green body at 1730.degree.-1850.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of making a quartz dome for a reactor chamber from a substantially flat quartz disk. The quartz disk is placed on a graphite ring which is rotated. The quartz disk is heated until the disk is softened slightly and it begins to slump. The softened portion of the disk is drawn by a change in pressure to contact a fixed wiper blade. The wiper blade controls the size and shape of the deformation of the quartz disk to form the dome surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a glass container by a press-and-blow system wherein the glass container is provided with a reinforced inner surface. According to the inventive method, fuel gas or a gaseous boron or silicon compound is burnt or otherwise reacted inside a parison after the parison molded in the blank mold is transferred to the finish mold. The burning or other reaction of the fuel gas or gaseous boron or silicon compounds can be carried out just prior to the final blow-molding step in which the parison is blow molded into its final shape, simultaneous with the final blow-molding step, or just after the final blow-molding step. The apparatus of the present invention includes a finish mold provided with a blow head which includes a low selector valve. The low selector valve is open during combustion or other reaction within the parison and is automatically closed during the final blow-molding step by the pressure of the compressed air used in the final blow-molding.

Abstract: A glass vessel edge chamfering method and apparatus wherein heat energy can be controlled readily and chamfering of a glass vessel having a deformed profile, local chamfering and simultaneous processing of the opposite inner and outer sides of a lip of a vessel can be performed readily and besides the efficiency in consumption of energy necessary for chamfering for one glass vessel is improved so that a glass vessel can be processed efficiently in a short time. A pair of positive and negative electrodes are opposed in a predetermined spaced relationship to an edge of a glass vessel, and flame is blown from a pair of burners into gaps between the edge of the glass vessel and the electrodes while a high voltage is applied between the electrodes. Thereupon, electric current flows between the electrodes and the glass vessel by way of the flame and heats the glass vessel by Joule heat when the electric current flows through the glass vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivery of high intensity laser radiation of large spot size into arteries and a method for making same are disclosed. An optical radiating apparatus is formed on one end of a light-conducting optical fiber such that high intensity laser radiation leaves the optical radiation apparatus with a spot size that is expanded to a diameter significantly larger than the optical fiber diameter. The apparatus comprises a small diameter, flexible fiber which tapers to a large diameter, smooth, rounded ball tip. The taper allows the beam to expand to several millimeters in diameter and thereby ablate a large channel through an occluded artery. The smooth ball tip minimizes the chance of mechanical dissection or performation. The fiber material is continuous such that there are no optical interfaces.

Abstract: Redeposition of glass particles is prevented by a method for heating a glass body comprising heating a part of the glass body with relatively moving the glass body and a heating source, wherein an inert gas is blown from inert gas-blowing means onto a surface of the glass body near a heated part of the glass body.

Abstract: To produce a blank mold for glass fiber optical waveguides with a core and a single or multilayer sheath, in which the core glass material is applied to the inner wall of a glass tube by chemical deposition from the vapor phase, the internally-coated glass tube is caused to collapse by temperature treatment, and this blank mold is finally drawn out into a glass fiber, the temperature treatment for collapse is carried out along the glass tube in accordance with a temperature profile that is determined by an upper region of maximum glass temperature along the treated section of glass tube (hot zone) and a lower region at the glass softening temperature (soft zone). The region of maximum glass temperature shows a largely uniform temperature level with a width along the section of glass tube that is approximately equal to the width of the region at the glass softening temperature.

Abstract: A capillary flow cell in which a capillary (9) partially extends along the optical path of the cell and has its two end portions (12, 13) bent to achieve an essentially Z-shaped configuration. A template (1) has a central bore (2) in which the middle part (11) of the capillary (9) is positioned. A method of manufacture of this capillary flow cell including inserting a capillary in a central bore of a template, heating the capillary immediately outside the bore to soften the capillary material, and bending the two ends to achieve an essentially Z-shaped or U-shaped configuration.

Abstract: Complex small objects such as ophthalmic lenses are quickly and accurately fabricated from plastic or glass blanks of ablatable material such as plastic or glass by cutting, shaping, and radiusing the blank entirely by laser light, using appropriate masks with focusing and imaging optics.

Abstract: Flame seaming a glass sheet of irregular outline using a ring-type burner having an apertured inner wall aligned with the central portion of the glass sheet edge develops an edge of more uniform appearance when the application of a fuel mixture to a portion of said apertured wall facing the glass edge is different for curved portions of the wall facing curved portions of the glass sheet outline than to straight line portions of the wall facing straight portions of the glass sheet outline. Further reduction of non-uniformity of glass edge appearance may result from providing orbital motion between said glass sheet outline and an apertured inner wall of said ring-type burner.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, at least a support body (1) and a monocrystalline semiconductor body (2) are provided with at least one flat optically smooth surface obtained by means of bulk-reducing polishing (mirror polishing), while at least the semiconductor body is provided at the optically smooth surface with an oxide layer (3). The two bodies (1 and 2) are brought into contact with each other in a dust-free atmosphere after their flat surfaces have been cleaned in order to obtain a mechanical connection. Before the bodies are brought into contact with each other, at least the oxide layer (3) on the semiconductor body (2) is subjected to a bonding-activating operation, while after a connection has been formed between the surfaces, radiation (5) of a laser is focused on the connection surface of the two bodies and material of at least the semiconductor body is molten locally near the connection surface by means of the laser radiation.

Abstract: A glass vessel, in particular an ampoule, having a prestress produced at a predetermined spot of the vessel which permits an automatic opening of the vessel at the predetermined spot following scratching by means of a suitable tool. The prestress, which is produced exclusively by means of an earlier thermal treatment without the application of a tool exhibits a stress profile in which an initially produced annular tensile stress ring, is overlapped at a predetermined spot by a point-shaped compressive stress zone that is produced subsequently.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing optical fibres in which a quartz glass tube is coated on the inside with core material, the assembly is contracted to form a solid rod which is then inserted into a quartz glass tube, after which the assembly is drawn. The last tube is thermally treated to eliminate contaminations at the surface which may detrimentally influence the tensile strength of the ultimate fibre.

Abstract: Complex small objects such as ophthalmic lenses are quickly and accurately fabricated from plastic or glass blanks of ablatable material such as plastic or glass by cutting, shaping, and radiusing the blank entirely by laser light, using appropriate masks and focusing optics.

Abstract: Improved burner constructions for gas-fired infra-red generators having ceramic fiber matrix through the thickness of which gaseous combustion mixture is passed and as it emerges it is burned to heat emerging surface to incandescene. Burner matrix can be loaded with silicon carbide particles to improve its emissivity, can be made water repellent and its uniformity can be improved. Burner body can be casting, with sheet metal addition to form a baffle and air seal and to grip matrix edges. Combustion mixture plenum can have movable partition assembly separating it from air seals, to adjust portion of matrix at which incandescene is generated. Metal screen can be stretched in front of incandescent surface to assist with low-temperature operation. Large size matrix can have central support fitted and secured to back of burner body. Air seal can be provided by narrow curtain of air extending around internal faces of burner body.

Abstract: In a process for heating an object made of thermoplastic material along a predetermined zone, a ring of burners arranged in series is guided along the zone and heats this zone, the zone forming a closed path and approximately matching the outer contour of the object; in a device for implementing the process, series-arranged burner units circulate on a path covering the zone to be heated, the units being guided along a closed loop.

Abstract: A gas burner for externally heating a glass tube which is positioned to be rotated on a rotational axis characterized by at least two multi-jet gas port blocks having a block axis with an arrangement of jets therearound being arranged with the block axes being on a radii extending from the rotational axis. Preferably only two port blocks are utilized and they are each separately displaceable relative to one another along the rotational axis and can be simultaneously displaced together along the axis during a heating operation. The arrangement of the plurality of jets on each of the front surfaces of the multi-jet gas port blocks is such that the jets are directed to a focal line which is at a distance beyond the rotational axis and a definite distance in front of the front surface.

Abstract: A method of polishing the surface of a glass article consists in exposing the surface of the said article to a flame produced by oxygen and by a fuel. In order to obtain a perfect surface quality, whatever the thickness and configuration of the article processed, while preventing any premature collapse of the article in question, use is made of a flame such that the thermal energy originating from the transfer of heat by convection exceeds the thermal energy originating from the transfer of heat by radiation, and preferably of a flame of the oxygen-hydrogen type.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.