Abstract: Process for the formation of a removable surface area of a specific depth on a substrate with all coatings seated on the surface of the substrate, wherein a layer of a material, thin as related to the substrate, with a thermal expansion coefficient strongly deviating as compared with the substrate, is bonded to the substrate at one temperature and is subsequently cooled to another temperature.

Abstract: Picture tubes are reprocessed by heating the picture tube to at least the fusing temperature of the solder at the joint and separating the screen and the cone under the influence of gravity. This method effects a clean separation of the screen and the cone by slowly heating the aerated picture tube which is arranged, during heating, in such a way that the joint between the screen and the cone is inclined with respect to the horizontal, and displacing the screen and the cone in opposite directions.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for preparing glass sheet having surfaces which are essentially defect-free and equivalent in smoothness to polished glass surfaces which comprises the steps of: Two different batches of alkali-metal-free batches are melted and formed into a laminated sheet and the first glass is enclosed by the second glass. The second glass is 1000 times more soluble than the first glass. The laminate is contacted with an acid to dissolve the second glass wherein the first glass remains with essentially defect free surfaces.

Abstract: A process for producing flakes of glass. The process is started by applying a solution containing an organic metal compound to a substrate. The solution is dried and peeled from the substrate. The resultant film is sintered. There is also disclosed an apparatus for producing flakes of glass. The apparatus comprises means 2 for applying solution 1 containing an organic metal compound to a substrate 3 taking the form of a loop, means 4 for drying the film created by the solution containing the organic metal compound, and means 5 for collecting flakes obtained by peeling the dried film from the substrate. The substrate forms a circulatory continuous conveyance path which passes through the applying means, the drying means, and the collecting means in succession.

Abstract: The transverse cross section of a body is modified by the steps of: a) determining the extent to which the body has material in excess of a desired shape at a plurality of points, b) exposing the body to a local heat source having a temperature sufficiently high to remove material from the surface of the body, and c) moving the surface of the body in relation to the source at a speed which decreases in regions where the body has material in excess of the desired shape so as to remove more material from such regions than from other regions. In a preferred embodiment, the body is an optical fiber preform, the local heat source is the fireball of a plasma torch, and the body is moved relative to the torch by rotating the preform at a controllable angular velocity while the torch is translated along the length of the preform.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making a glass article having at least one surface which is essentially defect-free and is at least equivalent in smoothness to a polished surface. The method includes the steps of:(a) bringing into contact with each other a body of a glass which is relatively insoluble in an acid solution and a body of a glass consisting essentially, expressed in terms of cation percent on the oxide basis, of 70-85% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 7-20% BaO, 0-10%, PbO, 0-12% R.sub.2 O, wherein R.sub.2 O consists of Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O, 3-15% PbO+R.sub.2 O, the glass from its setting point to room temperature having a linear coefficient of thermal expansion within about 5.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C. of that of the relatively insoluble glass, a strain point within 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for forming a co-fired glass ceramic structure including the steps of:forming at least one green sheet of a first crystallizable glass in a thermally decomposable binder;metallizing the green sheet with a pattern of conductive paste including conductive metal, a second crystallizable glass and a thermally decomposable binder, the pattern including at least one via;firing the green sheet according to the following firing cycle steps:a. preheating the green sheet to a first temperature in a furnace with a neutral or reducing ambient so as to effect pyrolysis of the thermally decomposable binders, wherein the first temperature is insufficient to coalesce the first crystallizable glass or the conductive paste;b. introducing a steam ambient into the furnace and then heating the green sheet in the furnace at the first temperature to burn off the pyrolyzed binders;c.

Abstract: Viaholes are dry-etched into glass fiber reinforced plastic sheets according to a predetermined hole pattern, leaving the glass fiber meshing practically unaffected.The method is used, for instance, to fabricate plastic sheets with unilaterally or bilaterally applied conductor patterns and viaconnectors that are conductively linked to the conductor patterns, and to fabricate multilayer board laminates obtained by several plastic sheets carrying the conductor pattern being alternately packaged, if required, with untreated copper sheets, and by the package thus obtained being subsequently laminated. Such boards and/or plastic sheets bilaterally provided with conductor patterns may be used as connector boards for, say, multilayer ceramic modules carrying semiconductor chips.

Abstract: A metal film (12) for providing internal electrodes (22) is formed on a back film (11) made of a material such as polyethylene terephthalate by a thin film forming method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. A ceramic green sheet (14) is prepared. Then the metal film (12) is transferred onto the green sheet from the back film (11). In order to form the metal film (12) to be transferred into prescribed patterns, the metal film (12) may be partially removed from the back film (11) to leave only specific parts which are correlative with the prescribed patterns. Alternatively, only specific parts, which are correlative with the prescribed patterns, of the back film (11) may be pressed against the ceramic green sheet (14). A plurality of such ceramic green sheets (14), onto which the parts of the metal films (120 are transferred, have been stacked with each other.

Abstract: To attain high strength optical glass fibers, the glass preforms, from which the fibers are drawn, must generally be free of surface imperfections such as bubbles, and air lines. It has been discovered that these imperfections can be removed quickly and cleanly by contacting the preform surface with a substantial portion of the electrically conducting plasma region (the plasma fireball) extending from a plasma torch. Significantly, the surface material is substantially removed by vaporization, due to the extremely high plasma temperature (>9000.degree. C. at the plasma center) of the isothermal plasma torch. Though the temperatures in the tail of the plasma fireball are substantially less than at the plasma center, the temperatures are generally still several thousand degrees centigrade.

Abstract: A method for forming barrier ribs for a gas discharge display panel which includes the steps of: covering a glass substrate with a conductive ITO film; covering the conductive film with photoresist; exposing the photoresist to radiation; developing the photoresist so as to selectively remove portions of photoresist thereby creating apertures in the photoresist; etching the panel conductive ITO film so as to remove the conductive film in the apertures; depositing barrier rib material including glass particles in the apertures formed in the photoresist until such time as the barrier rib material exceeds the thickness of the photoresist material; and, heating the foregoing combination to a temperature of approximately 580.degree. C. for about 10 minutes to burn off substantially all photoresist material and solidify the barrier material so as to form glass barrier ribs. The glass barrier ribs formed have a shape at least partially defined by the photoresist that was burned off.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a fluoride glass fiber preform are disclosed which preclude the step of pouring a glass melt into a mold from a crucible, and hence permit the fabrication of a long, homogeneous fluoride glass fiber preform free from foreign substances and air bubbles leading to scattering and which also allow ease in the fabrication of a preform having an elliptic core portion for drawing a polarized wave retaining fiber.

Abstract: A telescope mirror blank having a supporting network core composed of sintered ceramic struts, and a method of forming such core from a thermally crystallizable, powdered glass and as a separate component from the faceplate, are disclosed. Optionally, the mirror faceplate may be formed in a similar manner.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for making a soda lime glass article having at least one surface which is essentially defect free and having a smoothness at least equivalent to that of a polished surface. The method generally comprises the steps of:(a) bringing together a body of a soda lime glass and a body of a glass consisting essentially, by weight, of 0.75-7.5% Li.sub.2 O and/or 18-27% PbO, the total Li.sub.2 O+PbO not exceeding 32%, 35-50% BaO, 0-5% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 30-50% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 5-10% SiO.sub.2, said glass having a softening point between 575.degree.-650.degree. C.

Abstract: Method of producing precision shaped apertures in glass is shown. A hollow glass member defining a longitudinal aperture is provided. A carbon graphite member is shaped externally to a desired shape, disposed within the longitudinal aperture in the glass member, which member is thereafter collapsed about the graphite member taking its shape and size. The graphite member is removed leaving the glass member with a precision aperture therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for spheridizing irregularly shaped minute particles, and the spheres produced thereby, in which a thin carbonaceous coating is applied to the particles in a unique manner, and in a preferred embodiment the particles are then advanced through successive fluidizing beds. The first bed has an inert atmosphere and is maintained at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to allow surface tension to shape the particles into spherical form while in a fluidized condition in the first bed. The spherical particles are then advanced through successive additional beds where they are cooled to an intermediate temperature sufficient to solidify the particles, are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere which completely removes the coating, and are then further cooled while being maintained in a fluidized condition. The inert gaseous atmosphere within the first bed is continuously withdrawn and recycled through the system.

Abstract: A low pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp forms an electric discharge path by the use of a bulb placed on an end plate and the bulb is formed by a process which results in the connecting outer side surfaces of juxtaposed glass tubes through communication holes formed in the outer side surfaces respectively. The process involves placing the juxtaposed glass tubes so that their outer surfaces are opposed in a contacting state. A portion of each of the glass tubes is heated in order to form a communication hole through the utilization of a burner inserted through an open end into the interior of each of the glass tubes in order to cause fusion of that particular portion in each tube to thereby form the communication hole by wind pressure.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for spheridizing irregularly shaped minute particles, and the spheres produced thereby, in which a thin carbonaceous coating is applied to the particles in a unique manner, and in a preferred embodiment the particles are then advanced through successive fluidizing beds. The first bed has an inert atmosphere and is maintained at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to allow surface tension to shape the particles into spherical form while in a fluidized condition in the first bed. The spherical particles are then advanced through successive additional beds where they are cooled to an intermediate temperature sufficient to solidify the particles, are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere which completely removes the coating, and are then further cooled while being maintained in a fluidized condition. The inert gaseous atmosphere within the first bed is continuously withdrawn and recycled through the system.

Abstract: Freestanding glass reinforced ceramic protective coatings are made with a shrinkable silica preform technique. The coatings may be bonded to heat sensitive organic (plastic) or inorganic (ceramic or metal) substrates to provide thermal and impact protection.

Abstract: A system for machining and sizing optical fibers is described herein. The system uses a laser beam to machine oversized regions of a buffer material surrounding an optical fiber to create a coated optical fiber having a substantially uniform maximum outer dimension that is within a desired tolerance. The machining of the buffer material is accomplished by forming a substantially cylindrical laser beam having a hollow central portion and passing the optical fiber to be sized through the hollow central portion. The hollow central portion has a dimension or diameter substantially equal to a desired outer dimension or diameter for the optical fiber. Any discontinuities or oversized regions of buffer material outside the hollow central portion diameter will be contacted and vaporized by the substantially cylindrical laser beam.

Abstract: A system for machining and sizing optical fibers is described herein. The system uses a laser beam to machine oversized regions of a buffer material surrounding an optical fiber to create a coated optical fiber having a substantially uniform maximum outer dimension that is within a desired tolerance specification. The machining of the buffer material to size the optical fiber is accomplished by generating at least one laser beam transverse to the buffer material, rotating the beam or beams about an axis coaxial with the optical axis of the optical fiber, and moving the fiber past the rotating laser beam or beams. The rotating laser beam or beams vaporize any excess or oversized regions of buffer material and substantially provide the optical fiber with the desired outer dimension or diameter.

Abstract: A composition of at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium fluoride and calcium fluoride and optionally containing kaolin is powerful adhesive for ceramic articles which is used by interposing the adhesive intimately between the opposed surfaces for union of the ceramic articles and heating the adhesive to a temperature equal to or higher than the decomposition temperature of the fluoride used.

Abstract: Adhesion of two silicon nitride parts is accomplished by interposing a layer of calcium fluoride or a mixture of calcium fluoride with kaoline between the two silicon nitride parts and heating the resultant interposed layer.

Abstract: A method of removing coatings from glass fibers in which the fibers are introduced into a bed fluidized by a gas at elevated temperatures, the gas converting the coatings to substances which leave the bed with the gases.

Abstract: In the manufacture of sintered silicon nitride articles by hot isostatic pressing, multiple silicon nitride parts are encapsulated within a single capsule for the pressing operation. Suitable spacers placed between the parts ease separation thereof after sintering.

Abstract: An adhesive having as its active component at least one fluoride selected from the group consisting of alkali metal fluorides except for sodium fluoride and alkaline earth metal fluorides except for calcium fluoride or a combination of the aforementioned at least one fluoride with kaolin and an adhesive having as its active component a combination of at least one member selected from the group consisting of yttria and alkaline earth metal compounds except for fluorides, an alkali metal fluoride, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of kaolin and alkaline earth metal fluorides both provide fast adhesion easily between two ceramic articles by a method which comprises the steps of interposing the adhesive between the ceramic articles and heating the ceramic articles with the adhesive therebetween to a temperature equal to or higher than the decomposition temperature of the fluoride in the adhesive.

Abstract: An acoustic spherical lens where in a hemispherical hole is formed from a bubble which appears owing to the expansion of residual gases in a lens material employing silica, and the hemispherical hole is used as a lens surface.

Abstract: A method of exfoliating the coating of a coated optical fiber is described. A crack in the coating layer of the optical fiber is produced by bending means, cleaving the coating into a plurality of cleaved strip pieces while longitudinally enlarging the crack, and then cutting the strip pieces with an advantageous exfoliating tool. The exfoliating tool thus used is constructed to conveniently cleave the coating layer of the optical fiber and to cut the cleaved strip pieces. It does not damage the optical fiber upon exfoliating of the coating layer from the coated optical fiber, and can efficiently exfoliate the coating of the optical fiber.

Abstract: In the method of making hollow glass articles wherein the article is subjected to an operation such that glass particles are deposited and held on the interior of the glass article, the method of removing such particles which comprises contacting the glass article with a resonator of an ultrasonic generator system and subjecting the article to ultrasonic vibrations from the ultrasonic generator.

Abstract: A method for making perforations or forming depressions in a glass work piece is described. Pursuant to the method, a two piece housing for the work piece is provided. The housing when assembled has a cavity conforming in size and shape to the work piece. The lower housing piece has a continuous upper surface and the upper housing piece has a smooth lower surface and openings in the housing piece conforming in size and position to the perforations or depressions desired to be made in the work piece. The work piece is enclosed in the housing and then plugs are inserted in the openings in the upper housing piece. The plugs snugly fit the openings and extend above the upper surface of the upper housing piece. A weight is then disposed on the upper surface of the plugs. The weight may be a flat metal sheet and is of sufficient weight to cause the plugs to exert a pressure of at least about one half pound per square inch on the work piece.

Abstract: The manufacture of double-walled or multi-walled hollow bodies, especially of glass, is difficult in practice and entails great expense. According to the invention, the cavity formed between the walls of the hollow body is filled with auxiliary moulds or auxiliary mould parts which serve to mould the walls of the hollow body and which, after manufacture of the latter, can be removed from the cavities, especially by dissolving in a solvent, without destroying or even adversely affecting the hollow body.

Abstract: A layer consisting of a grinding medium such as corundum, SiC, emery or quartz sand is provided in a mould for the production of glass objects. A portion of this layer sticks to the glass work piece formed in this mould and is used for a subsequent surface processing procedure.

Abstract: In processes for making carbon black from automobile tires containing fiberglass, or the like, a mat of fiberglass strands intertwined with carbon black trapped in the interstices thereof can be produced. The present invention discloses method and apparatus of producing useful fiberglass and carbon black from such mats. Rapid agitation breaks the mat into a cloud of fine fiberglass particles and free carbon black. A low velocity airstream carries the particles to a separation zone wherein the free carbon black is filtered from the airstream as a first useful by-product. The fiberglass particles are then combusted to remove remaining carbon black carried therewith thus forming a second useful by-product.

Abstract: A process for preparing at least a double thickness glass design piece with a rounded surface comprising gluing together with a heat destructible glue first and second glass pieces with the same contours, the second piece being smaller than the first by a margin completely surrounding the larger of 1/8 inch, firing the two pieces with the second piece being on top to fuse them and until the top edge of the top piece has rounded into the bottom piece and gradually cooling the fused design piece to room temperature.

Abstract: A process for producing transparent high-annealing-point 96% silica glass comprising the steps of depositing a carbon film on the pore walls of the glass, heating the glass and film under non-oxidizing conditions, and removing the carbon film by oxidation, is described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming glass articles having essentially defect-free surfaces which can be equivalent in smoothness to that achieved in a polishing operation, and which can demonstrate mechanical strength superior to that exhibited by glass articles produced via conventional glass-forming techniques.The method contemplates melting two different glass compositions, one of which is highly soluble in a given solvent and the second of which is relatively insoluble in the same solvent; the molten glasses are simultaneously brought together while in the fluid state to form a laminated glass body wherein the insoluble glass is essentially completely enveloped within the soluble glass; the laminae are fused together at a temperature where the melts are in fluid form to provide an interface therebetween which is free from defects; the laminated article is cooled; and the soluble outer glass layer is dissolved away in an appropriate solvent.

Abstract: Adherent layers of glass are deposited on a preform or substrate via the controlled oxidation of a glass precursor, such as silicon monoxide, in the vapor state, thereby providing unusual shaped composite articles having a glass coating on the substrate. A preform or substrate such as carbon can subsequently be oxidized, thereby providing a glass microcapillary of exceedingly uniform dimensions.

Abstract: Optical sections (lenses) of pseudophakoi having tangential holes are produced without drilling operations. A preform of lens material is drawn with embedded acid soluble rods and/or openings corresponding in diametral size and relative juxtaposition to the size, shape and locations of holes needed in a lens, a lens blank is cut from the drawn preform and portions of rods remaining therein are etched away prior to or following final edging and surface finishing of the lens blank.

Abstract: A method for the production of single-material optical fibers having a light conducting core supported within a protective sleeve by at least one extremely thin support component characterized by providing a blank having a core and at least one support component disposed within a protective sleeve, heating the blank to a drawing temperature, drawing the blank into a form of an optical fiber and either during the drawing or subsequent thereto, transversely stretching the support component to reduce the ratios of the thickness of the support component to its transverse width and to the thickness of the core of the fiber. In one embodiment of the invention, subsequent to the drawing, a fluid such as a gas under excessive pressure is applied internally to the protective sleeve to expand and inflate the sleeve to transversely stretch the support component.

Abstract: Making perforate optical sections (lenses) of pseudophakoi with avoidance of drilling operations and adversities thereof. Lens material is drawn with embedded acid soluble columns corresponding in diametral size and relative juxtaposition to the size and spaced locations of holes needed in a lens and the columns are etched away prior to or following final edging and surface finishing of the lens. Making multiple lens preforms is contemplated.

Abstract: Making perforate optical sections (lenses) of pseudophakoi with avoidance of drilling operations and adversities thereof. Lens material is cast over wires corresponding in diametral size and relative juxtaposition to the size and spaced locations of holes needed in a lens and the wires are etched away prior to or following final edging and surface finishing of the lens. The casting of multiple lens preforms is contemplated.

Abstract: Method for reducing the likelihood of cathode ray tube glass bulb and bulb component fracture which are caused by temperature cycling in the cathode ray tube manufacturing process and which are associated with defects in the glass. Temperature gradients between glass exterior surfaces and glass interior, arising during cooling, are locally reduced. In a preferred embodiment, a thermal insulator is applied prior to or during cooling, over a defect and its vicinity in order to locally reduce the rate of surface cooling and thus locally reduce the cooling-induced surface tensile forces. An improved component-in-process is depicted which has a reduced susceptibility to thermally induced fracture.

Abstract: This disclosure depicts, for use in salvaging parts from a color television cathode ray tube of the type having a glass bulb comprising an approximately rectangular, flangeless, curved faceplate and a funnel having a convex seal land, a novel method for separating the funnel and the faceplate. The funnel seal land mates with a concave rear surface of the faceplate to define a contoured sealing interface. The faceplate is sealed to the funnel with a frit material located at the sealing interface.

Abstract: An improved method of making films, sheets or plates of a transparent plastics material of high optical quality comprises depositing a solution, molten mass or reaction mixture which yields the solid plastics on drying or hardening on a moving glass ribbon having a smooth upper surfce. The ribbon may be made by the float glass process. The plurality of plastics layer may be deposited one on another.

Abstract: Method for reducing the likelihood of cathode ray tube glass bulb and bulb component fracture caused by temperature cycling during tube salvage. The depicted salvage method includes heating and then cooling the exterior surfaces of a glass front panel and glass funnel to be separated, thus producing a temperature gradient between the front panel extreme border and more remote inner portions of the front panel extreme border. This temperature gradient causes circumferential tension at the front panel extreme border. The circumferential tension is reduced to thus lessen, the likelihood of front panel fracture by applying, prior to or during, said cooling, a thermal insulator over the front panel extreme border and vicinity so as to locally reduce the rate of glass surface cooling.

Abstract: A method for patterning or texturing the surface of glass manufactured by the float process. The method comprises depositing particulate carbon onto the surface of a continuous ribbon of heat softened glass which is being drawn across a molten metal bath, the ribbon being cooled into a structurally integral sheet during this process. The deposited carbon attacks the surface of the glass to thereby produce a patterned or textured finish thereon.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an open cellular article constructed of a plurality of spaced walls of relatively weak bondable material defining a plurality of elongated passages therethrough which are filled with a disintegratable filler material having sufficient form and strength initially to maintain the walls in their predetermined precisely spaced relation and after bonding of the walls into an integral unit such filler material being conveniently removable from the article to reestablish the passages between the walls.