Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for applying an organic acid-containing aqueous composition to a glass surface to prevent staining thereof wherein a wetting agent is employed to provide uniform and complete wetting of the glass surface with a uniform continuous film of said organic acid-containing aqueous composition.

Abstract: A method for lubricating glass contacting surfaces of glass forming equipment is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of delivering MAPD gas to a venturi at a low pressure, preferably below 10 p.s.i., and delivering oxygen to the venturi at a lower pressure, usually is half or less than half of the pressure at which the MAPD gas is delivered to the venturi. The MAPD gas and the oxygen are mixed in the venturi and delivered to and through a nozzle which is directed toward a glass contacting surface. The mixture is ignited as it leaves the nozzle; its flow is controlled so that the temperature of the flame is between approximately 1500 and 1800 degrees K. By controlling the temperature of the flame, the method is operable to deposit on the glass contacting surface a lubricating coating of graphite including a substantial percentage of flat plate graphite.

Abstract: There is disclosed a mold for pressing molding of an optical element of glass. On at least the molding surface of the mold base of the mold, there is formed a mixing layer which consists of carbon and at least one of the elements constituting the mold base. The atomic percentage of carbon increases toward the molding surface and decreases toward the mold base, while the atomic percentage of the other element decreases toward the surface and increases toward the mold base. The mold may contain an intermediate layer at least on the molding surface of the mold base.

Abstract: The invention concerns the field of slip casting for producing green compacts. The disadvantage of state-of-the art slip casting is among others the need for removing the water through porous molds, the resulting shrinkage and the tendency of the green compact to form shrinkage cracks. These disadvantages are eliminated by internally coagulating by compression the double layer of solid slip particles, so that the green compact may be solidified without the need for removing the water.

Abstract: A temperature resistant material consisting of fiber-reinforced glass and fiber-reinforced ceramics, respectively, is described as asbestos substitute in devices for handling hot glass, glass ceramics and ceramics objects.

Abstract: The disclosed method of making a glass body by a sol/gel process comprises electrochemically assisted release of the gel body from the mold in which the body was formed. More specifically, the method involves gelation of a sol in a mold that comprises a first conductor member, with a second conductor member also being in contact with the sol and/or gel, and causing the flow of a current between the first and second conductor members, with the first member being the cathode. In consequence of the current flow a substantially liquid lubricating layer that facilitates removal of the gel body from the melt exists at the cathode/gel interface.

Abstract: A curved, laminated car glazing having a decorative enamel coating formed as a frame along the edge of a laminated glazing, on a surface adjacent to the intermediate, thermoplastic layer of one of the individual glass sheets is prepared by printing an enamel as the decorative coating on a glass sheet, which is then dried, printing an enamel containing metallic silver as a narrow strip on the decorative coating, firing or baking the coated glass sheet, superimposing the baked glass sheet with a mating glass sheet with the printed coating on the inside, and with the result that the bent sheets do not stick together because of the presence of the silver-containing strip, and completing the lamination of the curved glass sheets.

Abstract: This invention is to prevent coloring or clouding of the molded article, and also to prevent fusion between the glass blank and the mold member and crack formation in the molded article.The glass blank is provided with the surface layer containing a lower content in water-soluble components than in the core part of the glass base, and a hydrocarbon coating layer formed on the layer. The blank is then press molded.

Abstract: A process for producing a curved glass plate, which comprises coating a crystallizable ceramic color composition to a predetermined portion of a glass plate, followed by baking at a temperature of from 500.degree. to 620.degree. C. to fuse the ceramic color composition to the glass plate, then crystallizing the fused ceramic color composition at a temperature of from 600.degree. to 700.degree. C., followed by bend-shaping by a pressing apparatus in a furnace.

Abstract: A method for preparing a silica glass article of improved purity is provided. The article is prepared by a sol-gel method and is then heat treated to a selected temperature between about 1500.degree. and 2200.degree. C. and maintained at the selected temperature for a predetermined period of time sufficient to remove silica crystals, inclusions, microcracks and bubbles. The resulting silica glass articles have improved purity and can be used as photomask substrates or as preforms for optical fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mold for producing glass articles comprising a glass-made mold base, an intermediate layer formed by a silicon carbide and/or silicon nitride film, and an uppermost layer formed by a carbon film. Since the mold for producing glass articles exhibits an excellent bonding between the glass-made mold base and the uppermost layer formed by the carbon film, peeling of the uppermost layer can be prevented. Therefore, the function of the uppermost layer as an adhesion-prevention layer against the glass to be molded can be exhibited for a long time, causing an economic advantage since the life of the mold can be lengthened. In addition, since the maximum surface roughness of the working surface of the mold can be reduced and the surface shape accuracy can be maintained, a molded glass article exhibits excellent surface accuracy without optical defects.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a glass container by the steps of (a) providing a plunger with two portions, one portion having a sprayed metal coating of self-fluxing alloy and the second portion having a ceramic coating, (b) forming a lubrication carbon layer on surfaces of molds including a blank mold and a neck ring by periodically injecting flames of at least one kind of gaseous hydrocarbon having a carbon to hydrogen ratio more than 0.75, (c) supplying a gobbet of glass to the blank mold; (d) producing the parison from the gobbet of glass, using the plunger, the blank mold and the neck ring; and (e) blow-forming the parison to a glass container of a final configuration.

Abstract: The number of bent laminated glass windshields having bull's-eyes that adversely affect its optical properties is reduced by using amorphous precipitated silica particles such as is used as flatting agents for paints, as a parting material between a pair of glass sheets during bending. The particles form relatively soft agglomerates that are milled and classified to produce a narrow distribution of particle sizes as compared to the distribution found in untreated silica, such as diatomaceous earths previously used as a parting material.

Abstract: A method to produce a microstructure on glass which is of excellent quality and allows for repeated use of a stamper. The method comprises heating the glass to a surface temperature corresponding to a log viscosity between about 13 to 8 poise, supporting the glass and impressing it with the stamper heated to about the same temperature as the glass so that a microstructure on the heated stamper will deform the surface of the glass to give a corresponding microstructure on the surface of the glass, which when separated from the stamper and cooled in a controlled manner gives the desired surface microstructure on the glass. The method is particularly suitable for forming tracking grooves on optical disk substrates.

Abstract: A method of protecting a glass surface from damage, particularly where a stack of glass sheets is thermally processed at elevated temperatures. The method involves applying a coating of an inert, refractory material in the form of submicron particles to at least one of two opposed glass surfaces.

Abstract: This specification is directed to a UV-base ceramic paint composition and a method of forming a glass sheet with a UV-base ceramic paint thereon. The method has the following steps. A UV-base ceramic paint is applied to the glass sheet. The UV-base ceramic paint includes selected ceramic paint components along with, as a new component thereof, finely divided zinc metal powder. The glass sheet is subjected to UV radiation and then heated to a temperature which softens the glass sheet sufficiently so that the glass sheet can be formed. The glass sheet and the ceramic paint thereon are engaged with a fiberglass covered forming die to form the heated glass sheet to a desired shape. The forming die is removed from engagement with the glass sheet. The finely divided zinc metal powder addition to the ceramic paint is credited with being effective to prevent sticking of any of the ceramic paint to the forming die. The glass sheet is cooled to obtain a formed glass sheet with a ceramic paint thereon.

Abstract: This specification discloses a mold for use for press-molding an optical element, characterized in that at least the molding surface of a mold base material is coated with an a-C:H film containing 5-40 atom % of hydrogen therein and having a film density of 1.5 g/cm.sup.3 or more. Other mold coating films also disclosed are a hydrogenated amorphous carbon film with an intermediate carbide layer between the film and the molding surface, and a hard carbon film containing 0-5 atom % of hydrogen therein and having a spin density of 1.times.10.sup.18 spin/cm.sup.3 or less and a film densisy of 1.5 g/cm.sup.3 or more.

Abstract: In glass enamel coating compositions containing a glass frit system, a metal oxide pigment and a vehicle therefor, the improvement comprising the presence of iron metal powder to provide anti-stick, color maintenance and adhesion properties; the resulting coatings being particularly effective for application to glass sheets which are subsequently subjected to high temperature forming procedures.

Abstract: A system for lubricating glass forming molds and guide members by flame spraying the molten gobs of glass as they fall to the molds with powdered graphite where the graphite spray is directed from two sides of the falling gob or gobs. Any overspray that does not impinge on the gob or adhere to the gob during the flame spraying of the lubricant is collected by positioning an exhaust header in direct alignment with the flame spray direction to draw the combustion products and powdered lubricant overspray into an exhaust system to keep the area around the feeder clean and free of airborne particles.The mounting of the burners and exhaust headers on a support which is movable relative to the gob drop path without actually crossing the path facilitates the implementation of the lubricant system of the invention.

Abstract: Lubrication of the parison moulds of a hollow glassware moulding machine is carried out utilizing a spray device in which the discharge of pressurized air from a narrow opening is arranged to entrain surrounding atmospheric air. Liquid lubricant is discharged through a respective opening into this entrained air. Such spray devices have been found to be effective in spraying lubricant down into relatively deep moulds.

Abstract: This specification is directed to a UV-base ceramic paint composition and a method of forming a glass sheet with a UV-base ceramic paint thereon. The method has the following steps. A UV-base ceramic paint is applied to the glass sheet. The UV-base ceramic paint includes selected ceramic paint components along with, as a new component thereof, finely divided zinc metal powder. The glass sheet is subjected to UV radiation and then heated to a temperature which softens the glass sheet sufficiently so that the glass sheet can be formed. The glass sheet and the ceramic paint thereon are engaged with a fiberglass covered forming die to form the heated glass sheet to a desired shape. The forming die is removed from engagement with the glass sheet. The finely divided zinc metal powder addition to the ceramic paint is credited with being effective to prevent sticking of any of the ceramic paint to the forming die. The glass sheet is cooled to obtain a formed glass sheet with a ceramic paint thereon.

Abstract: In glass enamel coating compositions containing a glass frit system and a vehicle therefor, the improvement comprising the presence therein of copper sulfide or copper sulfate as an anti-stick agent; the resulting coatings being effective for application to glass sheets which are subsequently subjected to high temperature forming procedures.

Abstract: In glass enamel coating compositions containing a glass frit system and a vehicle therefor, the improvement comprising the presence therein of iron, aluminum, zinc and tin sulfides or sulfates as an anti-stick agent; the resulting coatings being effective for application to glass sheets which are subsequently subjected to high temperature forming procedures.

Abstract: Process for lubricating a surface for the manufacture of a glass object, in which a layer of lubricant is periodically deposited on the surface.This layer of lubricant is produced with the aid of a source of heat such as an oxyfuel flame having a temperature higher than 2000.degree. K. through which there is injected during a given period of time a gaseous hydrocarbon or a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons comprising at least 15% of a constituent in respect of which the ratio fo the number oc carbon atoms to the number of hydrogen atoms C/H is higher than 0.75. The rate of injection of the hydrocarbon through the flame and the temperature of the latter are controlled in such manner as to obtain a porous layer of carbonaceous particles capable of burning in the air when they are deposited on the glass object when the latter is still hot.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass sheet with ceramic paint thereon is disclosed. The method has the following general steps. A first ceramic paint (12) is applied to and dried on a glass sheet (10). The first ceramic paint includes a low temperature melting glass frit as a component thereof. A second ceramic paint (16) is applied over at least a portion of the dried first ceramic paint. The second ceramic paint includes as a component thereof a high temperature melting glass frit. The high temperature melting glass frit melts at a temperature higher than that temperature at which the low temperature melting glass frit melts at. The glass sheet is heated to a temperature which softens the glass sheet sufficiently so that the glass sheet can be formed. The heated glass sheet is engaged by a fiberglass covered forming die to form the glass sheet into a desired shape.

Abstract: A method of making a windshield is disclosed. A first glass template (10) is cut. An opaque material is bonded to a surface of the glass template. A conductive material is bonded to portions of the opaque and portions of the surface of the glass template to form electrically conductive terminals. A slippage inducing material is placed on portions of the opaque area not having electrically conductive terminal material thereon. A second glass template (24) is cut. The first and second glass templates are placed in a glass bending device (26). The glass templates are bent with the electrically conductive terminal areas and slippage inducing material permitting relative movement between the templates during the bending thereof without the production of glass chips. The first and second glass templates are separated and an electrically conductive coating is applied between terminal areas of opposite polarity on the first glass template.

Abstract: This specification is directed to a method of forming a glass sheet with a UV-base ceramic paint thereon, the method having the following steps. A UV-base ceramic paint is applied to the glass sheet. The UV-base ceramic paint includes normal ceramic paint components along with, as a new component thereof, finely divided zinc metal powder and finely divided stannous oxide powder. The glass sheet is subjected to UV radiation and then heated to a temperature which softens the glass sheet sufficiently so that the glass sheet can be formed. The glass sheet and the ceramic paint thereon are engaged with a fiberglass covered forming die to form the heated glass sheet to a desired shape. The forming die is removed from engagement with the glass sheet. The finely divided zinc metal powder and finely divided stannous oxide powder addition to the ceramic paint is credited with being effective to prevent sticking of any of the ceramic paint to the forming die.

Abstract: This specification is directed to a method of forming a glass sheet with an oil-base ceramic paint thereon, the method having the following steps. An oil-base ceramic paint is applied to the glass sheet. The oil-base ceramic paint includes normal ceramic paint components along with, as a new component thereof, finely divided zinc metal powder. The glass sheet is heated to a temperature which softens the glass sheet sufficiently so that the glass sheet can be formed. The glass sheet and the ceramic paint thereon are engaged with a fiberglass covered forming die to form the heated glass sheet to a desired shape. The forming die is removed from engagement with the glass sheet. The finely divided zinc metal powder addition to the ceramic paint is credited with being effective to prevent sticking of any of the ceramic paint to the forming die. The glass sheet is cooled to obtain a formed glass sheet with a ceramic paint thereon.

Abstract: Two fixed heads are used to lubricate a split-mold. The heads do not interfere with the movements of the mold and are effective to inject a jet of a gas that forms a powdery carbonaceous material. When the mold is open, the injection axis of each head is just about in line with the axis of the associated half-casting.

Abstract: Recrystallized silicon plates are readily removed from a carrier member after melting and recrystallization, the carrier member being composed of a material that is not appreciably wettable by molten silicon, through the use of a parting agent between the silicon and the carrier in solid form as a powder or a raw foil. Fine quartz sand, very fine grained silicon powder, or quartz glass fiber fabric can be employed as the parting agent. The method is employed for the inexpensive manufacture of self-supporting silicon crystal plates for solar cells and allows throughput drawing rates of greater than 1 m.sup.2 /min.

Abstract: A waveguide for propagating a light beam, a coupler for coupling the light beam to the waveguide, and a thin film layer provided on the bottom surface of the coupler and consisting of a substance having a refractive index lower than the refractive indices of the waveguide and the coupler, the coupler being joined to the waveguide by optical contact with the thin film layer interposed therebetween, together constitute an optical coupler device which is compact and stable in optical coupling characteristic.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for applying a powdered interleaving material to a glass surface in the form of an aqueous composition comprising particulate interleaving material dispersed in atomized water.

Abstract: A shaping rail uses tungsten alloy inserts to support a glass sheet during sag bending. As the glass sheet is heated and sags to shape, tungsten alloy inserts provide support points over which the glass sheet can slide without scuffing the glass sheet surface or embedding particles in the glass sheet that can result in venting.

Abstract: This specification is directed to a method of forming a glass sheet with a ceramic paint thereon, the method having the following steps. A ceramic paint is applied to the glass sheet. The ceramic paint includes normal ceramic paint components along with, as a new component thereof, a metal oxide having at least a low valence oxidation state and a high valence oxidation state. The metal oxide is in its low valence state when applied in the ceramic paint to the glass sheet. The glass sheet is heated to a temperature which softens the glass sheet sufficiently so that the glass sheet can be formed. The glass sheet and the ceramic paint thereon are engaged with a fiberglass covered forming die to form the heated glass sheet to a desired shape. The forming die is removed from engagement with the glass sheet. The metal oxide addition to the ceramic paint in its low valence state is credited with being effective to prevent sticking of any of the ceramic paint to the forming die.

Abstract: Hollow glassware is made in a method wherein a necking shear is displaceable between one end position blocking one end of a passage of a preform mold and another end position at a final mold and a liquid is sprayed into the other end of the passage of the preform mold. In addition the necking shear is temporarily retained in an intermediate position between the two molds and simultaneously the liquid is sprayed into the passage. This passage is upright and the one end is below the other end. Thus a pocket of air that would prevent the mist from settling in the passage is not created, and the passage can be effectively wetted even by a relatively small volume of liquid. A bottom-blowing unit constituted as a vertically displaceable plug is provided below the preform mold. This plug is raised once the gob is in place and during top blowing to form the initial hollow in it and is shielded during spraying of the liquid into the passage.

Abstract: A method and composition utilizing porous particulate interleaving material treated with a strong organic acid are disclosed to reduce staining of stacked glass sheets.

Abstract: A multipiece spray assembly is disclosed which provides an annular axially and radially inwardly inclined nozzle passage operative to rapidly and efficiently apply a substantially complete and uniform coating to the inner surfaces of a forming cavity. Additional nozzle means may also be provided to simultaneously coat an overlying forming tool.

Abstract: A method of treating flat glass to reduce its vulnerability to scratching, e.g. during storage and/or transit, wherein a transparent film of a cationic surface active agent is adsorbed on the glass by applying an aqueous solution of the surface active agent to the glass on the production line and drying the glass. The solution may be applied to the glass after is has been washed, near the end of the production line, using for example an anionic surface active agent as detergent. Alternatively, a solution containing both a cationic surface active agent and an nonionic surface active agent as detergent may be applied to the glass to wash it, followed by rinsing with water and drying.

Abstract: A method and composition utilizing porous particulate interleaving material treated with a strong organic acid are disclosed to reduce staining of stacked glass sheets.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for applying a powdered interleaving material to a glass surface in the form of an aqueous slurry.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for the lubrication of molds and delivery equipment which are employed in the production of glass articles wherein the viscous glass which is employed in the production of such articles is at least partially coated with a suitable lubricant prior to contact with the delivery equipment and/or prior to entry of the glass into the mold.

Abstract: A method of hot isostatic pressing in which a shaped work immersed in molten glass is subjected to a hot isostatic pressing treatment, the method basically including embedding a shaped item to be worked on in glass powder filled in a crucible; loading the crucible into a movable heating furnace having a heater and a heat insulating structure; charging the furnace into an atmospheric chamber; adjusting the atmosphere in the chamber into a predetermined condition and heating the crucible by the heater to soften and melt the glass in the crucible; transferring the furnace from the atmospheric chamber into a high pressure container while maintaining a high temperature in the furnace; admitting a pressing gas medium into the high pressure container while raising the temperature of the furnace to let the work in the crucible undergo a hot isostatic pressing treatment; and upon completion of the hot isostatic pressing treatment, taking out the furnace from the high pressure container with the work still in loaded st

Abstract: A new spray ring apparatus for use in forming apparatus of the type used in metal forming and glassware forming which include a forming cavity into which a fluid lubricant material is sprayed. In one embodiment, the spray ring includes a plurality of nozzles through which the fluid lubricant material is sprayed into the cavity in a tangential helical flow pattern to thereby uniformly coat the interior surfaces of the cavity prior to the forming of the metal or glassware parts therein. In another embodiment, an annular nozzle flowpath is provided with the helical flow pattern being imparted to the lubricant material via a tangentially disposed inlet opening into an annular manifold chamber. A plurality of nozzle openings may be provided in the outer surface of the spray ring which may operate to uniformly coat the outer surfaces of a punch or similar type of associated overlying forming tool.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.

Abstract: An apparatus for spraying an oil-water-air mixture onto a plurality of shear blades adjacent to a glass gob feeder and including a multi-compartmented mixing block, a flow meter in the water line, an oil-water ratio controller, signal means connecting the flow meter output to the ratio controller for actuating an oil injector in response to the water flow whereby a metered quantity of oil-water mixture is entrained with the air in the mixing block and individual spray nozzles are connected to each compartment.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.

Abstract: A new spray ring apparatus for use in metal forming and glassware forming machines of the type having a forming cavity into which a fluid lubricant material is sprayed, said spray ring including a plurality of nozzles through which the fluid lubricant material is sprayed into the cavity in a tangential helical flow pattern to thereby uniformly coat the interior surfaces of the cavity prior to the forming of the metal or glassware parts therein.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.

Abstract: An improved glass sheet bending mold (10) disclosed comprises a stainless steel base (12) for receiving the heated glass sheet to be bent. An electrically deposited metal carbide coating (16) is deposited on the stainless steel base (12). A boron nitride covering (18) covers the metal carbide coating (16) to provide a forming surface (14) that is harder than the base (12) and is wetted less by the heated glass sheet than is the base.

Abstract: Process for lubricating a surface for the manufacture of a glass object, in which a layer of lubricant is periodically deposited on the surface.This layer of lubricant is produced with the aid of a source of heat such as an oxyfuel flame having a temperature higher than 2000.degree. K. through which there is injected during a given period of time a gaseous hydrocarbon or a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons comprising at least 15% of a constituent in respect of which the ratio .[.fo.]. .Iadd.of .Iaddend.the number .[.oc.]. .Iadd.of .Iaddend.carbon atoms to the number of hydrogen atoms C/H is higher than 0.75. The rate of injection of the hydrocarbon through the flame and the temperature of the latter are controlled in such manner as to obtain a porous layer of carbonaceous particles capable of burning in the air when they are deposited on the glass object when the latter is still hot.