Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a compact vertical oven for reflow of solder bumps for backend processes in semiconductor wafer assembly and packaging. This disclosure describes a vertical oven which uses a plurality of wafers (e.g., an example value is 50-100 wafers) in a batch with controlled injection of the reducing agent (e.g. formic acid), resulting in a process largely free of contamination. This disclosure describes controlled formic acid flow through a vertical system using laminar flow technology in a sub-atmospheric pressure environment, which is not currently available in the industry. The efficacy of the process depends on effective formic acid vapor delivery, integrated temperature control during heating and cooling, and careful design of the vapor flow path with exhaust. Zone-dependent reaction dynamics managed by vapor delivery process, two-steps temperature ramp control, and controlled cooling process and formic acid content ensures the effective reaction without any flux.

Abstract: The use of blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) based on sintered tin oxide for producing the throat of a glass furnace.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for delivering molten thermoplastic material from one chamber to another through a throat in a refractory wall separating said chambers. A refractory metal conduit is positioned within said refractory throat below the level of the floor of said chambers, and standpipes at each end of said conduit extending above the level of said floors, create stagnant thermoplastic material about the conduit so as to prevent corrosion products from flowing away from about the conduit and thereby also preventing fresh thermoplastic from replacing it. The stagnant material becomes enriched with corrosion products, which with the absence of flow retards further corrosion of the refractory about the conduit.

Abstract: The device for melting glass includes a compartment 1 for melting with a discharge throat 11 defined on top by a mobile carrier 16 having an upper part 18 extending upward above the level of glass and a lower part 17 intended to be totally immersed in the molten glass. Faces of the lower part are formed of a metal or an alloy of metals resistant to corrosion by the molten glass.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of colored glass includes the steps of diverting a stream of clear molten glass from at least one glass melting furnace through one or more transport channels to a color treatment chamber. Recycled cullet and color additive are added to a charging end of the treatment chamber. The treatment chamber is heated to melt the cullet and further heat the remaining feedstock to form a molten bath of colored glass which is thermally and chemically homogenized in the treatment chamber. Refractory rotary paddle wheels positioned in the transport channels regulate the flow rate and level of the molten glass and provide for selective shut off of individual glass streams.

Abstract: Furnace has a melting section and a withdrawal section bounded by side walls of refractory material which extend to a glass outlet formed by an overflow edge remote from the melting section. In operation a molten glass layer, a molten layer of undissolved sulfates, and a batch layer succeed one another from the bottom up in the melting section. The withdrawal section is separated from the melting section by a first dividing wall extending downwardly and terminating above the surface of the molten glass. A second dividing wall is disposed for the formation of an underside glass passage, and at least one closable opening for withdrawing the molten sulfates is disposed at the level of the sulfate layer between the first and second dividing walls. The opening has a bottom boundary whose height is adjustable, so that it can be adjusted to lie above the surface of the glass melt.

Abstract: The invention relates to working molten glass in tank furnaces for continuous production. According to the process of the invention, the vitrifiable material being brought first to the molten bath state in a zone upstream from the tank, and said bath then having access to the successive downstream zones allocated to the other phases of the process of working the glass through at least one tank portion comprising a section reduction of the type usually called a neck, there is generated at the upper level of the opening available to the glass by said neck a glass current directed from downstream to upstream of said neck. The invention proves to be especially advantageous for electric melting furnaces with large production capacity.

Abstract: In a method of making glass or the like, wherein the batch materials are liquefied in a distinct zone from the refiner, the liquefied material is heated in an intermediate stage before being fed to the refiner, and a composite barrier of a cooled frame with graphite inserts is employed to restrict passage of material from the intermediate stage.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a plate glass which comprises(A) a melter for storing a molten glass material,(B) a molding portion for molding the molten glass material from the melter into a plate,(C) a temperature adjusting tank located between the melter and the molding portion for maintaining the molten glass material from the melter at a uniform temperature, said temperature adjusting tank having a glass material channel for introducing the molten glass material maintained at the uniform temperature into the molding portion in a position facing on the molding portion, and(D) a tweel for adjusting a flow rate of the glass material which is raisable and lowerable in the glass material channel and has a hole through which a surface layer stream of the molten glass material can be separated and passed in the glass material channel.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing glass by melting a batch of raw material in a melting chamber of a continuous glass-melting tank furnace, permitting the glass to flow through a rising passageway and a sill provided by the furnace to a separate refining chamber in the furnace, the atmospheres in the melting and refining chambers being isolated, and heating the glass at the upstream end of the refining chamber to a higher temperature than that of the glass over the sill so that the glass leaving the sill plunges into the refining chamber and is precluded from forming a return current to the melting chamber.

Abstract: In order to conserve fuel in an apparatus for manufacturing glass, a continuous glass-melting tank furnace is provided with a melting compartment, a refining compartment, and a shadow arch between the compartments. The shadow arch is constituted by a cover which extends from a shadow wall at the downstream end of the melting compartment to an end wall at the upstream end of the refining compartment. The melting and refining compartments communicate via a passage beneath the shadow wall at the downstream end of the melting compartment, and a sill is positioned between this shadow wall and the refining compartment. The top of this sill is at least as high as the top of the passage.

Abstract: A chimney baffle is positioned against a vertical refractory wall extending from a channel through which hot glass is flowing to reduce deterioration of the refractory of the vertical wall.

Abstract: Glass substrates are provided, for example, glass fibers, with a substantially solvent insoluble coating of asphalt.

Abstract: A continuous tank-type glass melting furnace containing a bath of molten glass and having a waist section of reduced width whereat a submerged weir extends across the path of the molten glass bath flowing therethrough. The weir is located adjacent the floor of the waist section for modifying the flow path in the lower regions of the molten bath between the refining and conditioning zones of the furnace. Also, a surface barrier and stirrers may be provided in the waist section for improving the homogeneity of the molten bath.

Abstract: A waist construction for a tank-type glass melting furnace having a lower tank covered by an independently supported sprung arch roof. The side walls forming the lower tank are inset for defining a waist section having a reduced passage interconnecting the melting and conditioning zones of the furnace. An open framework is provided above the inset breast walls for suspending portions of upright closure walls closing the ends of the melting and working zones adjacent the entrance and exit ends of the reduced passage; the suspended portions extending across the entrance and exit ends of the reduced passage closely adjacent the upper surface of the molten glass therein. The suspended portion of each wall is centrally located and flanked by bottom supported wing walls. Additionally, a segmented, suspended cover is provided between the suspended portions of the upright closure walls for enclosing the open top region of the reduced passage.

Abstract: In a glass melting tank a water cooled barrier extends horizontally across the forward flow of molten glass to control the forward flow towards the working end and a plurality of stirrers, rotatable in phase with each, are arranged side-by-side across the flow path adjacent the barrier.