Abstract: A system and camera device for displaying collected sensor data together with images comprises an image capturing unit, a communication interface, and processing circuitry. The image capturing unit is configured with a variable zoom level. The method comprises capturing, by the image capturing unit, images depicting a scene; communicating, by the communication interface, with a user interface for displaying the images and with a sensor device for obtaining collected sensor data from the sensor device for display on the user interface together with the images; and configuring, by the processing circuitry and via the communication interface, the sensor device to provide the collected sensor data at a higher frequency of occurrence when the image capturing unit captures images with a zoom level above a zoom threshold value and depicting the sensor device than when the image capturing unit captures images with a zoom level is below the zoom threshold value.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods are disclosed for determining a flow rate of fluid flow at a target time through a pump, such as a centrifugal pump, the pump being driven by a pump motor. An illustrative method includes, in some aspects: receiving at least one set of previous parameter values including a first previous parameter value indicative of a first operational parameter of the pump motor at a previous time, earlier than the target time, and a second previous parameter value indicative of a second operational parameter of the pump motor at the previous time, and receiving a current set of parameter values including a first current parameter value indicative of the first operational parameter of the pump motor at the target time and a second current parameter value indicative of the second operational parameter of the pump motor at the target time.

Abstract: An environmental equipment control apparatus for controlling a plurality of types of environmental equipment includes a grasping unit that grasps current physical and mental state information of the user, environmental situation information, and target relationship information representing a relationship between a target physical and mental state and a current physical and mental state; learning control plan output means that outputs a control change plan for each of combinations of the plurality of types of environmental equipment in accordance with the current physical and mental state information, the environmental situation information, and the target relationship information; and a selection control unit that selects one control plan from among a plurality of control plans output by the learning control plan output means and executes the one control change plan. The learning control plan output means learns to update a method for specifying the control plan to be output.

Abstract: A method for identifying a cause of a machine operating anomaly including creating a reduced order model (ROMs) for a digital twin model of a selected machine type and feeding current data from a deployed machine into the ROM. The method can include comparing a current output from the selected ROM with a measured output from the current data and determining that an operating anomaly exists when the difference between the current output and the measured output exceeds a selected anomaly threshold.

Abstract: A system and method for providing zone-specific media to a user. As a non-limiting example, various aspects of this disclosure provide a system and method that flexibly selects and provides media content (e.g., audio content), where such content is selected based, at least in part, on a user location (e.g., location within a premises).

Abstract: A detection system and detection method are disclosed herein, the detection system includes a first detector, a second detector, an actuator and a processing device. The first detector and the second detector detect a target in a first detection range and a second detection range respectively, to generate a first detection signal and a second detection signal. The processing device establishes a detection movement path according to the first detection signal and the second detection signal, compares the detection movement path with a plurality of historical movement paths to select the historical movement path that best matches the detection movement path from the historical movement paths, and transmits a driving signal to the actuator in a third detection range when the processing device predicts that the target moves to the third detection range according to the best matching historical movement path.

Abstract: An HVAC system includes an evaporator coil disposed between a return air duct and a supply air duct. The system includes a compressor fluidically connected to the evaporator coil, and a blower for providing a flow of air through the HVAC system. A controller determines an operating mode of the HVAC system.

Abstract: HVAC load can be shifted to change indoor temperature. A time series change in HVAC load data is used as input modified scenario values that represent an HVAC load shape. The HVAC load shape is selected to meet desired energy savings goals, such as reducing or flattening peak energy consumption load to reduce demand charges, moving HVAC consumption to take advantage of lower utility rates, or moving HVAC consumption to match PV production. Time series change in indoor temperature data can be calculated using only inputs of time series change in the time series HVAC load data combined with thermal mass, thermal conductivity, and HVAC efficiency. The approach is applicable for both winter and summer and can be applied when the building has an on-site renewable power system.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for lighting control are described. An apparatus may include a processor, memory, a power component, a set of control buttons, and one or more radio components for lighting control. The apparatus may be a light control device associated with a home or automation system. The light control device may be a light switch cover with a cover plate that encapsulate a light switch. The light switch cover may have a radio, a battery, and control circuitry for lighting control.

Abstract: A Heating, Ventilation, and/or Air Conditioning (HVAC) controller configured to control at least part of an HVAC system of a building. The HVAC controller may include a user interface and a controller. In response to a selection by a user at the user interface, the controller may assemble and present via the user interface an output that encodes settings in a machine readable form. The controller may display the encoded settings on the display with fixed segments of a fixed segment display. An application program code on a remote device may be utilized to capture the displayed fixed segments that encode the settings in an image. The captured image of fixed segments may be decoded at the remote device or may be sent to a remote computing device for processing and/or decoding.

Abstract: A supervisory-level control system is provided and includes a summation unit receptive of first and second signals, an HVAC system to generate the second signal according to first set-point signals and to a second set-point signal and a supervisory controller. The supervisory controller includes a control unit, a set-point scheduler and a zone level set-point distribution unit. The control unit is receptive of an error signal representing a difference between the first and second signals from the summation unit. The set-point scheduler is receptive of a demand signal generated by the control unit according to the error signal. The set-point scheduler generates a set-point command signal and the second set-point signal according to the demand signal. The zone level set-point distribution unit is configured to generate the first set-point signals in accordance with the set-point command signal.

Abstract: A system that includes a plurality of controllers that are each controller is configured to operate at least a portion of a Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. The plurality of controllers are members of an unprovisioned mesh network. The system further includes a network provisioning device that is configured to establish a peer-to-peer connection with the controller. The device is further configured send a request to the controller to identify a wireless network that is in range of one or more controllers that are members of the unprovisioned mesh network and to obtain network credentials for the identified wireless network. The network device is further configured to send the network credentials to the controller to join a provisioned mesh network. The controller is configured to propagate the network credentials to other controllers within the unprovisioned mesh network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and a system for efficiently and accurately processing air particulate datasets when facing a high number of air particulate datasets from multiple locations to generate an artificial intelligence model having one or more computer-based rules that determines eligibility of a user to avail a health-related service based on air particulate records associated with current and past locations of the user.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and computer-readable media for providing integrative comfort a structure are described herein. One method includes determining a comfort preference associated with a user of a mobile device, the comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort, storing the comfort preference in a memory, and modifying a respective operation of a plurality of connected devices in a portion of a structure to provide the comfort preference in the portion of the structure responsive to a distance between the mobile device and the portion of the structure being less than a particular threshold.

Abstract: A domain management resource monitors a behavior of a user controlling multiple resources disposed in a domain of a network environment. Based on the monitored behavior, the domain management resource identifies a repeated pattern of control in which the user controls a particular resource in the domain. The domain management resource derives a proposed control rule based on the repeated pattern of control. The proposed control specifies how to control the particular resource. The domain management resource presents the control rule for review and possible editing prior to programming the domain management resource to execute the control rule.

Abstract: An authentication method and system for an HVAC system are provided. Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to an access-control or authentication system for an HVAC system, in which access to certain functions of the HVAC system is conditioned on a user performing certain basic operational instructions for the HVAC system in a provided sequence, thereby providing evidence that the user has authorization to access and operate the HVAC system wirelessly.

Abstract: A system for controlling one or more components servicing a space of a building based on an occupancy status of the space. The system may comprise a motion sensor, a person sensor for detecting each person passing through an access to the space, and a controller operatively coupled to the motion sensor and the person sensor. The controller may be configured to monitor the motion sensor for detected motion in the space, monitor the person sensor and maintain a people count of people currently in the space. The controller may use the detection of motion and/or the people count to determine if the space is occupied or unoccupied. The controller may then control one or more of the components servicing the space in a first control mode when the space is determined to be occupied and in a second control mode when the space is determined to be unoccupied.

Abstract: A system for controlling air quality of a building space includes HVAC equipment configured to serve the building space, sensors configured to measure a plurality of parameters relating to the building space, and a control system. The control system is configured to receive data from the sensors, determine a feedforward air quality contribution, determine a feedback air quality contribution based on a measured air quality and an air quality setpoint for the building space, combine the feedforward air quality contribution and the feedback air quality contribution to determine a target amount of ventilation or filtration to be provided to the building space by the HVAC equipment, and control the HVAC equipment to provide the target amount of ventilation or filtration.

Abstract: Disclosed are a data sending method, a multi-connected system, an electronic device and a storage medium. The method includes: receiving data sent by a first specified line controller in a system; determining a specified device corresponding to the first specified line controller according to a pre-stored pairing relationship between the first specified line controller and a specified device and the first specified line controller, wherein the specified device includes an indoor unit and a second specified line controller, wherein the second specified line controller is different from the first specified line controller; and sending the data to the determined specified device. A plurality of line controllers can control one indoor unit.

Abstract: An HVAC system includes a plurality of heat transfer devices operable to transfer heat into or out of the plurality zones. The HVAC system includes a controller configured to obtain a heat map indicating zone temperatures, use a thermal model of the building space to predict the zone temperatures as a function of control decisions indicating an amount of heat to transfer into or out of each of the plurality of zones by the plurality of heat transfer devices, determine the amount of heat to transfer into or out of each of the plurality of zones subject to a constraint or penalty based on differences between the zone temperatures predicted to result from the control decisions, and operate the heat transfer devices to transfer the amount of heat into or out of each of the plurality of zones in accordance with the control decisions.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an air conditioner capable of smoothly performing communication between an outdoor unit and indoor units using piping communication, and a piping communication method thereof. When communicating between an outdoor unit and indoor units using piping communication, a communication mode is automatically changed to a differential mode and a single mode to set the most suitable communication method for field characteristics according to a communication state, so that communication between the outdoor unit and the indoor units can be performed smoothly. This enables smooth piping communication by increasing a communication success rate even if a physical short between refrigerant pipes occurs in a multi-system air conditioner that connects a plurality of indoor units to a single outdoor unit, or even if there are more branch pipes for branching the refrigerant pipe.

Abstract: A thermal state of a plurality of zones of the building is updated according to a building thermal model and information received from temperature sensors of the building. Predicted occupant counts for an upcoming plurality of time slots for each of the plurality of zones are updated using actual occupancy counts for each of the plurality of zones. A misprediction type distribution for the upcoming plurality of time slots for each of the plurality of zones is updated, the misprediction type distribution indicating misprediction for true negatives, false positives, false negatives, and true positives. A total misprediction cost expectation is updated according to the predicted occupant counts and the misprediction type distribution. HVAC power for each of the plurality of zones is determined to optimize occupant thermal comfort weighted according to the predicted occupant counts while minimizing the total misprediction cost expectation. HVAC operation is controlled per the HVAC power.

Abstract: A system and method for providing zone-specific media to a user. As a non-limiting example, various aspects of this disclosure provide a system and method that flexibly selects and provides media content (e.g., audio content), where such content is selected based, at least in part, on a user location (e.g., location within a premises).

Abstract: A method and system are provided that synchronize one or more appliances to one or more users' schedules. Sensor data may be obtained from a sensor. The sensor data may indicate a state of a first appliance. A user location may be determined. A first characteristic of the first appliance may be obtained. Based upon the user location and the sensor data, a schedule indicating when the user will desire a state change of the first appliance may be determined. A feature of the first appliance may be dynamically modified to cause the first appliance to operate according to the schedule. A notice may be sent to the user that contains information about the first appliance.

Abstract: A system for optimizing utility consumption associated with a premises is provided. The system may include a communication device, a processing device and a storage device. Further, the communication device may be configured for receiving utility consumption information, receiving premises information, receiving lifestyle information, and performing at least one of transmitting a utility recommendation associated with the premises to an electronic device and transmitting an actuation data to an appliance associated with the premises. Further, the processing device may be configured for analyzing each of the utility consumption information, the premises information and the lifestyle information and generating at least one of a utility recommendation and the actuation data based on the analyzing.

Abstract: A sampling device receives, from a transducer computing device located within a predefined proximity to an equipment in an operating environment, a vibration sample from the operating environment and increments a retrain counter. In response to determining that the incremented retrain counter does not meet or exceed a retrain threshold, the sampling device predicts, using a model, an anomalous or non-anomalous designation for the vibration sample and a cluster assignment, to a particular cluster of a set of clusters, for the vibration sample when the model predicts the non-anomalous designation for the vibration sample. The sampling device receives a subsequent vibration sample and further increments the retrain counter. In response to determining that the further incremented retrain counter exceeds a retrain threshold, the sampling device receives a subsequent set of vibration samples and retrains, using the subsequent vibration sample and the subsequent set of vibration samples, the model.

Abstract: Occupant thermal comfort may be inferred and improved using body shape information. Height, weight, and shoulder circumference of an occupant of a room may be obtained using a depth sensor. A model may be utilized that is trained on a dataset including information reflecting of occupant comfort within the room versus temperature, the model receiving, as inputs, the height, the weight, and the shoulder circumference of the occupant and environmental information and outputting a comfort class. A temperature set-point for is identified which the room occupant is identified by the model as having the comfort class being indicative of user comfort. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) controls are adjusted for the room to the identified temperature set-point.

Abstract: Inference server and environment controller for inferring one or more commands for controlling an appliance. The environment controller receives at least one environmental characteristic value (for example, at least one of a current temperature, current humidity level, current carbon dioxide level, and current room occupancy) and at least one set point (for example, at least one of a target temperature, target humidity level, and target carbon dioxide level); and forwards them to the inference server. The inference server executes a neural network inference engine using a predictive model (generated by a neural network training engine) for inferring the one or more commands based on the received at least one environmental characteristic value and the received at least one set point; and transmits the one or more commands to the environment controller. The environment controller forwards the one or more commands to the controlled appliance.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and computer program product for generating a supply stream temperature set-point for a particular distribution channel element associated with a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. In one example, a method includes identifying a hierarchical position of the particular distribution channel element; identifying potential set point configuration actions associated with the particular distribution channel element, wherein each potential set point configuration action is expected to cause transition of the particular distribution channel element from a current state to a future state; determining an overall cost measure for each potential set point configuration action based at least in part on the hierarchical position of the particular distribution channel element, and generating the supply stream temperature set-point based on each overall cost measure associated with a potential set point configuration action.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an air conditioner and a control method thereof. The control method of the air conditioner is capable of acquiring a voice of a user including a state of the user, transmitting the voice of the user to an external server, receiving, from the external server, a control command acquired by using a cooling tendency of the user and the state of the user determined on the basis of a usage history of the air conditioner, and controlling the air conditioner on the basis of the control command. In particular, at least a part of a method of acquiring a control command on the basis of a cooling tendency of a user may use an artificial intelligence model trained according to at least one of machine learning, a neural network, and deep learning algorithms.

Abstract: An electricity automation application may automate control over an HVAC system in a consumer's home or other building to reduce or eliminate electricity consumption during a high-price or high-demand time interval. The consumer may grant authorization for the application to control the HVAC system at appropriate timepoints while maintaining an inside air temperature that is between minimum and maximum temperature setpoints set by the consumer. The application models temperature gains and losses for the home or building as a function of inside and outside temperatures and HVAC operating status. If a high-price or high-demand time interval is predicted, the application may determine a timepoint to precool or preheat the home or building to reduce or eliminate electricity use during the duration of the high-price or high-demand time interval.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an air conditioner and a control method thereof. The control method of the air conditioner is capable of acquiring a voice of a user including a state of the user, transmitting the voice of the user to an external server, receiving, from the external server, a control command acquired by using a cooling tendency of the user and the state of the user determined on the basis of a usage history of the air conditioner, and controlling the air conditioner on the basis of the control command. In particular, at least a part of a method of acquiring a control command on the basis of a cooling tendency of a user may use an artificial intelligence model trained according to at least one of machine learning, a neural network, and deep learning algorithms.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a solution to monitor, control and share HVAC operation state information and the analysis thereof based on a distributed computing system involving local building automation servers (BAS), a network based (cloud-based) system and client terminals. On the network based system, a client level virtual machine launches a container process for a client, which includes a background sub-process and a foreground sub-process. The background sub-process collects and analyzes HVAC data without client interaction. The foreground sub-process is setup upon the launching of the container process, but is fully activated until suitable client interaction is detected. The foreground sub-process pushes for a more comprehensive set of HVAC operation data through the BAS server and analyzes and presents the data and analysis result in substantially real time to the client through the client terminal with a higher data updating rate than the background sub-process.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and computer program product for comfort model extrapolation. For example, the apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory including program code. The at least one non-transitory memory and the program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, obtain a plurality of known comfort models including: one or more cross-space comfort models each associated with a primary occupant profile and a known spatial element of one or more known spatial elements, one or more cross-profile comfort models each associated with a secondary occupant profile and an unknown spatial element, and one or more cross-context comfort models each associated with a secondary occupant profile and a known spatial element; and generate a unknown comfort model for the primary occupant profile and the unknown spatial element based on the plurality of known comfort models.

Abstract: An air conditioner unit is configured for automatically detecting a restricted duct and adjusting fan speed schedules in response. The air conditioner unit includes an indoor fan including a drive motor for selectively rotating the indoor fan to urge a flow of air through the indoor portion and a controller is configured for sending a control signal to the drive motor to rotate the indoor fan to an actual fan speed. Based on the actual fan speed and a unit voltage, the controller obtains a target control signal, e.g., via a lookup table, and determines that a restricted duct condition exists if the control signal is different than the target control signal. The controller adjusts the operation of the indoor fan in response to determining that the restricted duct condition exists.

Abstract: A data center system includes a load section having an array of electronic racks, a thermal management system, and a power flow optimizer. The power flow optimizer is configured to determine a load power requirement of the load section based on workload data of the electronic racks and thermal data of the thermal management system. The data center system further includes a resource section having a number of power sources to provide power to the load section. The resource section includes a resource controller to configure and select at least some of the power sources to provide power to the load section based on the load power requirement provided by the power flow optimizer. The power flow optimizer includes a power flow neural network (NN) model to predict, based on the thermal data and the load data, an amount of power that IT clusters and the thermal management system need.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a heating adjustment method and device, which belongs to the field of thermal system management technologies. The method includes: calculating an average indoor temperature of a cell, wherein the average indoor temperature of the cell is an average value of a real-time indoor temperature of each dwelling unit in the cell; judging whether the average indoor temperature is within a standard temperature range; and adjusting at least one of a water pump flow and a water temperature supplied to the cell when the average indoor temperature is not within the standard temperature range. When the average indoor temperature of the current cell is abnormal, the temperature of the cell is restored to a standard value by adjusting the water pump flow and the water temperature for heating, thus the response speed is fast, the reliability is high, the user experience is improved and energy is saved.

Abstract: An humidification apparatus establishes geometric properties for humidity loss from a structure relative to inside and outside temperatures and historic performance of that building structure. The humidification apparatus also stores data establishing acceptable relative humidity ranges for the internal and external ambient temperature conditions to which the building structure is exposed. The humidification apparatus obtains weather forecast data for the geographic location of the building. A user inputs a desired level of relative humidity. The humidification apparatus controller then adjusts humidity inside the building according to that input and according to the permissible humidity range for the building in the prevailing external temperature conditions and the weather forecast data.

Abstract: A building control system includes one or more controllers configured to obtain comfort feedback provided by one or more occupants of a building in response to exposing the one or more occupants to a first set of environmental conditions of the building. The one or more controllers are also configured to generate, based on the comfort feedback, one or more thresholds defining a range of values for an environmental condition of the building within which the one or more occupants are predicted to be comfortable, execute a predictive control process subject to one or more constraints based on the one or more thresholds to generate setpoints for building equipment, and operate the building equipment to drive the environmental condition of the building toward the setpoints.

Abstract: A method and computer readable medium for communication on a shared media. In one embodiment, the method comprises holding a token by a first coordinator on a virtual ring, only a token-holding coordinator is permitted to transmit data associated with a first service level; transmitting data associated with the first service level, by the first coordinator, to device(s) on a first local domain; passing, by the first coordinator, the token to a second coordinator; periodically transmitting data associated with the first service level, by the second coordinator, to device(s) on a second local domain; receiving, by a third coordinator while the second coordinator holds the token, a message to transmit data associated with a second service level to device(s) of a third local domain; and transmitting, by the third coordinator while the second coordinator is not transmitting, the data associated with the second service level.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a control system, a storage of the control system that stores instructions and a set of operating conditions of the HVAC system, and processor circuitry of the control system. One or more operating conditions of the set of operating conditions is associated with a respective operational sound level, and the processor circuitry is configured to execute the instructions to receive a threshold sound level and operate the HVAC system according to an operating condition of the set of operating conditions based on an operational sound level of the operating condition being less than or equal to the threshold sound level.

Abstract: An air conditioner, a control device thereof, and a method of controlling the same are provided. The air conditioner includes a control device including a plurality of indoor unit operation changers, and an indoor unit connected to any one of the plurality of indoor unit operation changers, where at least one of the indoor unit and the control device determines an operation mode of each of the plurality of indoor unit operation changers respectively connected to a plurality of indoor units, detects an indoor unit operation changer at an operation mode corresponding to an operation of any one of the plurality of indoor units among the plurality of indoor unit operation changers, and determines an indoor unit operation changer connected to the indoor unit among the plurality of indoor unit operation changers on based on a result of detecting at least one of the indoor unit operation changers.

Abstract: Architectures or techniques are presented that can determine a setting for an environment control (EC) or HVAC system in response to a fault with the EC system that controls an environment of an occupant. Significantly, the determined setting can be intentionally selected as one that does not comport with the expectations or desired comfort level of the occupant. Thus, a condition can be created in the environment that is determined to be likely to cause the occupant to examine a user interface associated with the EC system. The user interface can present an indication of the fault, which otherwise may go unnoticed, particularly in cases where the occupant has no reason to interact with the EC system due to the environment meeting expectations.

Abstract: A control system for a central energy facility with distributed energy storage includes a high level coordinator, a low level airside controller, a central plant controller, and a battery controller. The high level coordinator is configured to perform a high level optimization to generate an airside load profile for an airside system, a subplant load profile for a central plant, and a battery power profile for a battery. The low level airside controller is configured to use the airside load profile to operate airside HVAC equipment of the airside subsystem. The central plant controller is configured to use the subplant load profile to operate central plant equipment of the central plant. The battery controller is configured to use the battery power profile to control an amount of electric energy stored in the battery or discharged from the battery at each of a plurality of time steps in an optimization period.

Abstract: A controller for HVAC equipment of a plant includes a processing circuit configured to predict an impact of a time delay of the plant on a performance variable received as feedback from the plant. The processing circuit is configured to artificially increase or decrease a value of the performance variable using an adjustable time delay parameter to at least partially negate the impact of the time delay on the performance variable. The processing circuit is configured to use the artificially increased or decreased value of the performance variable in on-off feedback control to operate the HVAC equipment.

Abstract: A method of conditioning an environment includes generating, by a group feedback analysis system, a first comfort limit based on a first plurality of data points corresponding to user feedback of a group of users in an environment conditioned by an environmental conditioning system, and each associated with temperature and humidity environmental criterions. The method further includes generating a second comfort limit based on a second plurality of data points corresponding to user feedback of the group of users, and associated with the temperature and humidity environmental criterions. The method identifies a constrained comfort zone defined by the first comfort limit, the second comfort limit, predefined lower and upper bounds for the temperature environmental criterion, and predefined lower and upper bounds for the humidity environmental criterion. The environmental system is controlled to maintain the temperature and humidity environmental criterions within the constrained comfort zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling distribution of illumination information in an illumination system, wherein illumination settings to be sent for storing at one or more luminaires are determined based on one or more priority metrics. Priority metrics may be based on previous usage of an illumination setting, or the content of an illumination setting for example. The determination and sending can be commenced by a trigger such as a time of day or a user input, and evaluation of priority metrics can be performed to so that illumination settings are stored intelligently based on a user profile, preference or schedule.

Abstract: Computing device and method for inferring via a neural network a two-dimensional temperature mapping of an area. A predictive model is stored by the computing device. The computing device receives a plurality of temperature measurements transmitted by a corresponding plurality of temperature sensors located at a corresponding plurality of locations on a periphery of the area. The computing device executes a neural network inference engine, using the predictive model for inferring outputs based on inputs. The inputs comprise the plurality of temperature measurements. The outputs consist of a plurality of temperature values at a corresponding plurality of zones, the plurality of zones being comprised in a two-dimensional grid mapped on a plane within the area. For instance, the area is a room of a building, the periphery is an interface of a ceiling and walls of the room, and the plane is a horizontal plane within the room.

Abstract: A building HVAC system includes an airside system having a plurality of airside subsystems, a high-level model predictive controller (MPC), and a plurality of low-level airside MPCs. Each airside subsystem includes airside HVAC equipment configured to provide heating or cooling to the airside subsystem. The high-level MPC is configured to perform a high-level optimization to generate an optimal airside subsystem load profile for each airside subsystem. The optimal airside subsystem load profiles optimize energy cost. Each of the low-level airside MPCs corresponds to one of the airside subsystems and is configured to perform a low-level optimization to generate optimal airside temperature setpoints for the corresponding airside subsystem using the optimal airside subsystem load profile for the corresponding airside subsystem.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system includes a refrigerant circuit that circulates refrigerant, a heat exchange unit that houses a load-side heat exchanger provided in the refrigerant circuit and is connected with a plurality of air-conditioned spaces by a plurality of air supply passages for use in the supply of air that passes through the load-side heat exchanger, a refrigerant detection device that detects leakage of the refrigerant and a plurality of opening/closing devices that are each provided in an associated one of the plurality of air supply passages and opened/closed independently of each other. When the refrigerant detection device detects leakage of the refrigerant, the plurality of opening/closing devices are all opened.