Abstract: A device implementing an adaptive positioning system may include at least one processor that is configured to concurrently implement a first positioning system that generates first positioning information items and a second positioning system that generates second positioning information items. The processor may be configured to buffer the second positioning information items generated by the second positioning system and to determine a position estimation for the device based on the first positioning information items generated by the first positioning system. The processor may be configured to detect a degradation in a quality of the first positioning system. The processor may be configured to, in response to detecting the degradation in the quality of the first positioning system, determine the position estimation for the device based at least in part on at least one of the buffered second positioning information items generated by the second positioning system.

Abstract: Systems and methods to calibrate a gyroscope based on a motion of a predetermined characteristic. Data representing gyro sensor signals during a period of time is stored. A portion of the time period is identified, during which portion the gyroscope is subjected to a motion of the predetermined characteristic. Using the stored data the gyro signals are integrated with respect to time to calculate orientation of the gyroscope as a function of time. Deviation of a characteristic of the orientation of the gyroscope as the function of time during the portion of time period for the motion of the predetermined characteristic is determined to identify a component of bias in the gyro signals. The bias component is removed from the data to re-calculate the gyroscope orientation, and possible to further calculate the deviation in the re-calculated orientation and to identify a further bias component in the gyro signals.

Abstract: Technologies are described herein for providing the discoverability and utilization of one or more reference sensors. Configurations disclosed herein utilize a first inertial sensor mounted to a device to determine a frame of reference, and a second inertial sensor mounted to an object to determine movement of the object within the frame of reference. Configurations disclosed herein determine if the frame of reference is established. If it is determined that the frame of reference is established, the first inertial sensor and the second inertial sensor are used to detect movement of the object within the frame of reference.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for ARAIM fault detection based on extraction of characteristic value of pseudo-range measurement, comprising: calculating a sum of integrity risks of each of fault modes and a maximum value of the integrity risks of each of the fault modes, calculating a quantity of the fault modes by using a ratio of the sum of integrity risks of each of fault modes to an integrity risk of a largest fault, and using a sample quantity of corresponding pseudo-range measurement values as an effective sample quantity; using a ratio of a time duration T to the effective sample quantity as an effective sampling duration; sampling samples of pseudo-range measurement values that are gathered by a receiver within the effective sampling duration, to obtain an effective pseudo-range measurement set; and by using the effective pseudo-range measurement set, calculating a test statistic, and performing integrity fault detection.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the invention, movement measurements may be obtained from a movement sensor (e.g., an accelerometer) of a mobile device in a vehicle. In addition, location measurements may be obtained from a location sensor (e.g., a GPS) of the mobile device in the vehicle. The movement measurements and the location measurements may be cross-referenced to each other to remove erroneous measurements, such as physically impossible measurements. The remaining measurements may be used to draw conclusions about the movements or locations, such as to identify a movement event (e.g., a braking event, an acceleration event, or the like).

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for determining a protection level. The system includes a receiver configured to receive an error augmentation for a satellite orbit and clock error, an error augmentation for an ionospheric error, an error augmentation for noise and multi-path between a receiver and a satellite, and an error augmentation for a tropospheric error, a first calculator configured to calculate a first adjustment coefficient to be applied to the error augmentation for the satellite orbit and clock error and the error augmentation for the ionospheric error, and a second calculator configured to calculate a protection level by applying the first adjustment coefficient.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a system and methods for isolating the inertial and non-inertial components of a velocity field in a body of water, and further provides methods for predicting a path of an object in a body of water and for identifying an initial location in the water at which an object should be placed so that it travels to a desired location. The methods in some cases can partition a time series of velocity fields into inertial and non-inertial components in such a way that accounts for the variation of the inertial period over the range of latitudes within the field and maintains the fidelity of non-inertial variability over both shorter and longer time scales. The embodiments seperate the less-reliable inertial components from the more-reliable non-inertial background, enabling straightforward calculation of transport due to the non-inertial flow and evaluation of the superposition of inertial oscillations.

Abstract: A method of assisting the piloting of an aircraft having at least one actuator acting on a control member. The aircraft has a main measurement system and a secondary measurement system respectively determining at least one predicted value and at least one measured value of a parameter that is used in at least one flight-control law. A filter unit is used to estimate an estimated value of at least one parameter with the help of the predicted and measured values, and for estimating at least one measurement accuracy margin. Each measurement accuracy margin is compared with a corresponding threshold, and the flight-control law that is to be applied is selected as a function of the comparison.

Abstract: A gyroscope system comprises a MEMS gyroscope coupled to a drive system and a sense system. The drive system maintains the MEMS gyroscope in a state of oscillation and the sense system for receiving, amplifying, and demodulating an output signal of the MEMS gyroscope that is indicative of the rate of rotation. The gyroscope system further includes a phase-locked look (PLL) which receives a reference clock (REFCLK) from the drive system and produces a system clock (CLK). Finally, the gyroscope system includes a controller operating on the system clock sets an operating state of the drive system and the sense system and also controls a state of the PLL. One or more system state variables are maintained in a substantially fixed state during a protect mode thereby enabling rapid transitions between a low-power mode and a normal operating mode of the gyroscope system.

Abstract: A security bin and a security bin controller are described that measure fullness or height of secure contents in a security bin; listen to radio beacons over a short-range radio to determine a bin distance from a first radio, such as by measuring received radio power; determine one of three bin security states: home, caution or warning; and then broadcast a status message, warning message or alarm message over long-range radio, dependent on both the fullness of the bin and the security state. Embodiments include shredder bins, adapted to receive secure or confidential documents. Status messages may be used to initiate a search for a lost bin or to schedule bin service. Embodiments include measuring rate-of-fill. Alarm messages may be responsive to both bin location and fill volume. Embodiments and use of a controller include waste bins, including industrial or medical waste.

Abstract: A method and system for compensating for soft iron magnetic disturbances in multiple heading reference systems, such as aircraft heading reference systems, integrated standby units; or vehicle inertial systems, detects and provides a heading correction signal to the error prone heading reference system when a detected difference in value between a gyro heading relative to magnetic north and a magnetometer reading during a defined measurement period exceeds a predetermined acceptable threshold value of change, such as one based on the expected gyro drift over that period. Upon receipt of the heading correction signal, the gyro heading is adjusted to maintain an accurate heading relative to true magnetic north. If this threshold value is not exceeded, then the magnetometer reading is used for the heading value. This method is periodically repeated in order to continually maintain an accurate heading and may be employed for each heading measurement axis.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of a vehicle in a lane includes receiving perception information from a first camera positioned on a first side of a vehicle and a second camera positioned on a second side of the vehicle. The method includes determining, using one or more neural networks, a position of the vehicle with respect to lane markings on the first side and the second side of the vehicle. The method further includes notifying a driver or control system of the position of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method and system for compensating for significant soft iron magnetic disturbances in a heading reference system, such as an aircraft heading reference system, such as an integrated standby unit; or a vehicle inertial system, provides a heading correction signal to the heading reference system when a detected difference in value between a gyro heading relative to magnetic north and a magnetometer reading during a defined measurement period exceeds a predetermined acceptable threshold value of change, such as one based on the expected gyro drift over that period. Upon receipt of the heading correction signal, the gyro heading is adjusted to maintain an accurate heading relative to true magnetic north. If this threshold value is not exceeded, then the magnetometer reading is used for the heading value. This method is iteratively repeated in order to continually maintain an accurate heading and may be employed for each heading measurement axis.

Abstract: An electronic device determines an estimate ({circumflex over (q)}) of angular position as a function of an accelerometric signal (acc) supplied by an accelerometric sensor and as a function of at least one between a gyroscopic signal (gyro) supplied by a gyroscopic sensor and a magnetic signal (mag) supplied by a magnetic-field sensor. A processing module implements a complementary filter, which is provided with a first processing block, a second processing block, and a combination block. The first processing block receives the acceleration signal (acc) and an input signal (mag?) indicative of the magnetic signal (mag) and generates a geomagnetic quaternion (qAccMag). The second processing block receives a signal indicative of the gyroscopic signal (gyro) and generates a gyroscopic quaternion (qGyro).

Abstract: Systems and methods for unmanned vehicle security and monitoring are provided herein. In exemplary embodiments, a redundant sensor and control system is used for monitoring and controlling the unmanned vehicle. The redundant sensor and control system is operable to override the control station and take over control of the unmanned vehicle when at least one operational condition of the unmanned vehicle exceeds an approved parameter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle control system (1) for controlling a trailer (5) coupled to a vehicle (3) during a reversing operation. The vehicle control system includes a processor (29) configured to determine an actual trailer travel direction (TACT) based on one or more sensor signals. The processor (29) receives a demanded trailer travel direction (TDEM), for example from a user. A maximum permissible hitch angle (?MAX) is calculated by the processor (29) and the demanded trailer travel direction (TDEM) is limited to an angle less than or equal to the calculated maximum permissible hitch angle (?MAX). The present invention also relates to a vehicle (3) incorporating the vehicle control system (1); and a method of controlling the reversing of the trailer (5).

Abstract: Motion detection devices and systems are described herein. One motion detection device includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) configured to measure velocity, orientation, and gravitational forces of the motion detection device and a computing component. The computing component can be configured to determine spectrum parameters of a mobile vehicle associated with the motion detection device using measurements from the IMU, determine IMU orientation parameters using measurements from the IMU, and estimate motion of the mobile vehicle using the spectrum parameters, the IMU orientation parameters, measurements from the IMU, and a motion estimation function.

Abstract: A method of using signal processing representations from IMU/INS devices to identify terrain types. Using orientation and pace invariant gait dynamics images (GDIs) to identify terrain types. Utilizing signal processing representations from IMU/INS devices to determine relative position in GPS-denied areas. Using orientation and pace invariant gait dynamics images (GDIs) to determine relative position in GPS-denied areas. A method of using signal processing representations from IMU/INS devices to determine absolute position using GDI terrain IDs. A method of using signal processing representations from IMU/INS devices to identity position relative to land classes. Using orientation and pace in variant gait dynamics images (GDIs) to identity position relative to land classes.

Abstract: A portable terminal includes a GPS unit configured to receive a GPS signal, a GPS processing section configured to detect GPS accuracy at an interval and detect the position of a vehicle on the basis of the GPS signal received by the GPS unit, and an information processing section configured to detect entrance timing, which is timing when the GPS accuracy is detected when the vehicle is located at an entrance point of a multi-storey parking structure, on the basis of transition of the GPS accuracy detected by the GPS processing section at the interval.

Abstract: A distance factor learning device includes: a first learner that updates a first estimated value for the distance factor and a first parameter, based upon a measurement quantity, which is calculated based upon the vehicle speed pulses and the GPS information, the first estimated value for the distance factor and the first parameter; a second learner that updates a second estimate a value for the distance factor and a second parameter, based upon the measurement quantity, which is calculated based upon the vehicle speed pulses and the GPS information, the second estimated value for the distance factor and the second parameter; a difference calculation unit that calculates a difference between the first estimated value and the second estimated value; and an arithmetic operation control unit that overwrites the first parameter and the first estimated value at the first learner with the second parameter and the second estimated value at the second learner when the difference between the first estimated value and

Abstract: In one example, a method includes determining, by a first motion module of a computing device and based on first motion data measured by a first motion sensor at a first time, that the mobile computing device has moved, wherein a display operatively coupled to the computing device is deactivated at the first time; responsive to determining that the computing device has moved, activating a second motion module; determining, by the second motion module, second motion data measured by a second motion sensor, wherein determining the second motion data uses a greater quantity of power than determining the first motion data; determining a statistic of a group of statistics based on the second motion data; and responsive to determining that at least one of the group of statistics satisfies a threshold, activating the display.

Abstract: A method and a system that uses standard cell-phone sensors to provide accurate and energy-efficient outdoor localization suitable for mobile navigation design. System and method employs a dead-reckoning localization approach and leverages these road landmarks, among others such as virtual landmarks, to reset the accumulated error and achieve accurate localization. For consuming low energy the system and method uses only energy-efficient sensors or sensors that are already running for other purposes. We present the design of System and method of leveraging crowd-sourcing to automatically learn virtual landmarks and their locations. Tests of the system and method on android devices in both city and highway driving show the accuracy of results for local cell phones to within 8.4 m median error in city roads and 16.6 m on highways. Moreover, compared to GPS and other systems, the battery lifetime was extended by 347%, achieving even better localization results than GPS.

Abstract: This invention discloses a three-dimensional imaging radar system and method based on a plurality of times of integral. The system includes an LED light source, an optical band-pass filter, an image sensor, an electronic shutter, a data processor, and a display terminal. The LED light source generates a series of light pulse trains, and when the light pulse trains illuminate an object, the object reflects the light in succession. The reflected light is sensed by the image sensor through the optical band-pass filter, to form an image on the image sensor. The image sensor performs exposure imaging three times in succession for the reflected light of the same pulse under the action of the electronic shutter. The data processor analyzes the three images to obtain contour information and distance information about the object. Finally, the display terminal displays results.

Abstract: A GPS-aided inertial navigation method includes providing multiple sensors including multiple inertial measurement units (IMUs) and at least one global positioning system receivers and antennas (GPSs) and computer with embedded navigation software. The computer interfaces with all IMUs and all GPS receivers; running, in parallel, in multiple standard inertial navigation (IN) schemes; computes the mean of all the INSs to obtain a fused IN solution for the IMUs' mean location; computes the mean of all the GPS solutions to obtain a fused GPS solution for the GPS antennas' mean location; applies a lever-arm correction, with the vector from the mean IMU location to the ‘mean antenna’ location, to the fused GPS solution; feeds the fused IN solution and the lever-arm corrected fused GPS solution to a single navigation filter, as if there were a single IMU and a single GPS; and runs an IMU/IN/GPS correction module.

Abstract: A method for autonomously delivering and/or collecting at least one shipment using at least one distribution vehicle is described, in which a distribution vehicle approaches a customer vehicle at least partially autonomously and at least partially via the public road traffic, in which the distribution vehicle at least partially autonomously causes opening of a closure unit of the customer vehicle, in which, when the closure unit is open, the distribution vehicle at least partially autonomously places a shipment into the customer vehicle and/or at least partially autonomously removes a shipment from the customer vehicle, which, after placing and/or removing the shipment, the distribution vehicle at least partially autonomously causes closing of the closure unit of the customer vehicle.

Abstract: A method and device for automatically monitoring a self-contained approach of an aircraft. The device (1) includes a computation unit (8) for calculating, in real time, a first limit depending on a decision height entered by a pilot and a second limit depending on the current height of the aircraft and for selecting, as an alert limit, the maximum value between the first limit and the second limit, a computation unit (9) for calculating, in real time, a protection limit depending on performance of the aircraft, a comparison unit (10) for comparing the protection limit with the alert limit, and an alert unit (13) for emitting an alert signal if the protection limit is greater than the alert limit.

Abstract: A band includes one or more haptic actuators that can be activated to provide haptic stimulation to a wearer. An electronic device can be in communication with the one or more haptic actuators through a wired and/or wireless connection. The electronic device can be a separate device, or the electronic device can be removably or fixedly attached to the band. An activation signal can be sent to a single haptic actuator or to groups of two or more haptic actuators.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing a plurality of navigation solutions using a portable sensor device associated with a user. Motion sensor data may be used to derive a first navigation solution using the obtained sensor data under a first set of processing conditions navigation solution and to derive at least a second navigation solution using the sensor data under a second set of processing conditions, wherein the second navigation solution is refined as compared to the first navigation solution. As such, the second navigation solution may represent a more accurate or more complete solution, with the first navigation solution may represent a reduced expenditure of resources. The system includes the portable sensor device and optionally may include an auxiliary device associated with the user and/or remote processing resources.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for constructing a 3D structure. The system of the present disclosure comprises an image capturing unit for capturing images of an object. The system comprises of a gyroscope, a magnetometer, and an accelerometer for determining extrinsic camera parameters, wherein the extrinsic camera parameters comprise a rotation and a translation of the images. Further the system determines an internal calibration matrix once. The system uses the extrinsic camera parameters and the internal calibration matrix for determining a fundamental matrix. The system extracts features of the images for establishing point correspondences between the images. Further, the point correspondences are filtered using the fundamental matrix for generating filtered point correspondences. The filtered point correspondences are triangulated for determining 3D points representing the 3D structure. Further, the 3D structure may be optimized for eliminating reprojection errors associated with the 3D structure.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to monitor GPS/GNSS atomic clocks are disclosed. An example method includes establishing a measured difference between an atomic frequency standard (AFS) and a monitoring device. The method also includes modeling an estimated difference model between the AFS and the monitoring device, and computing a residual signal based on the measured difference and the estimated difference model. In addition, the method includes analyzing, by a first detector, the residual signal at multiple thresholds, each of the thresholds having a corresponding persistency defining the number of times a threshold is exceeded before one or more of a phase jump, a rate jump, or an acceleration error is indicated. Furthermore, the method includes analyzing, by a second detector, a parameter of the estimated difference model at multiple thresholds, each of the thresholds having a corresponding persistency defining the number of times a drift threshold is exceeded before a drift is indicated.

Abstract: An inverted two-wheel vehicle includes: an inverted two-wheel vehicle body; an acceleration sensor and a gyro sensor which are mounted on the same substrate; and an ECU. The ECU calculates a mounting angle error of the acceleration sensor with respect to the inverted two-wheel vehicle body based on an output value of the acceleration sensor obtained when the inverted two-wheel vehicle is brought into a stationary state in a state where a reference yaw axis of the inverted two-wheel vehicle is made coincident with a vertical direction, and corrects an output value of the gyro sensor by using the mounting angle error of the acceleration sensor with respect to the inverted two-wheel vehicle body as a mounting angle error of the gyro sensor with respect to the inverted two-wheel vehicle body.

Abstract: A fail safe apparatus for an MDPS system may include: a vehicle speed sensor configured to measure a vehicle speed; a gear stage input unit configured to receive a gear stage from a transmission of the vehicle; a GPS vehicle speed calculation unit configured to calculate a GPS vehicle speed based on location information of the vehicle; and a control unit configured to determine whether the vehicle speed is an error, based on one or more of the vehicle speed, the gear stage, and the GPS vehicle speed, and determine vehicle speed data of the MDPS system based on one or more of the gear stage and the GPS vehicle speed.

Abstract: Microchip assemblies, such as self-contained, aided, INS microchip assemblies configured for being coupled with a circuit board or another electrical component. In some embodiments, two inertial navigation sensors may be provided, along with a receiver configured to receive an external signal comprising location data or another aiding sensor, such as a barometric pressure sensor, magnetometer, or WIFI receiver. The assembly may further comprise a processor configured to receive inertial parameter data from inertial navigation sensors and location data from the receiver, and may be configured to process the inertial parameter data and location data to output inertial navigation information.

Abstract: A method for determining location data for a vehicle, a control apparatus for performing the method, and to a vehicle having the control apparatus. The method includes measuring the driving dynamics data for the vehicle, measuring at least one distance of the vehicle from a stationary object and recording a distance, and filtering the driving dynamics data on the basis of the recorded distance.

Abstract: A position calculation device includes an acceleration sensor and a gyro sensor to detect a movement of the user which is mounted on the body of the user, an arithmetic processing unit which executes setting a traveling direction axis by using a detection result of the sensor, using a change in a traveling direction of the user and correcting the traveling direction axis, and calculating a position based on the detection result of the sensor by using predetermined constraint condition based on the traveling direction axis.

Abstract: In an aspect of the invention, an electronic device includes an acceleration sensor and a controller. The acceleration sensor detects acceleration. The controller discriminates a type of moving state based on a detection result of the acceleration sensor, and restricts a function according to the discriminated type.

Abstract: Systems and methods for surveying using a GNSS device are provided. In one example method, a GNSS device may be used to determine the location of points along a path and to add those points to a set of points representing the path. When adding each point, the device may determine if the point represents a new point or a previously measured point. If the point is a new point, the device may add the point to the set of points. If the point is a previously measured point, the device may display one or more previously measured points to allow the user to select which previously measured point corresponds to the point currently being measured. The user may select a previously measured point and a point may be added to the set of points using the location of the selected previously measured point.

Abstract: An approach is provided for generating location data error maps. The approach involves determining location data error information associated with at least one set of location data. The approach also involves causing, at least in part, an encoding of the location data error information as a function of a position parameter. The approach further involves causing, at least in part, a generation of at least one location data error map based, at least in part, on the encoding.

Abstract: A processing module to monitor a horizontal delay gradient in satellite signals is provided. The processing module includes a dual-processing-satellite-differencing module, a double differencing module, and a gradient estimator module. The dual-processing-satellite-differencing module is operable to: receive carrier phase measurements for at least two satellites from at least two reference receivers; implement a first processing mode to normalize first satellite differences between +?/2 and ??/2; implement a second processing mode configured to normalize second satellite differences between 0 and ?; and select for further processing one of: data indicative of the first satellite differences processed according to the first processing mode; and data indicative of the second satellite differences processed according to the second processing mode. The double differencing module forms double-differences based on the selected data input from the dual-processing-satellite-differencing module.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using unique landmarks to position industrial vehicles during start-up. In one embodiment, a method of using pre-positioned objects as landmarks to operate an industrial vehicle is provided. The method comprises identifying a start-up scenario from sensor data, wherein the start-up scenario comprises a unique marker start-up or a pre-positioned object start-up. in response to the identified start-up scenario, either a unique marker or pre-positioned object is identified within a physical environment, wherein the pre-positioned object or unique marker corresponds with a sub-area of the physical environment. The industrial vehicle pose is determined in response to the identity of the pre-positioned object or unique marker and the industrial vehicle is operated based on the determined industrial vehicle pose.

Abstract: A device for displaying flight characteristics of an aircraft is provided. The device includes a display for the selective display of flight characteristics of an aircraft, as a function of a state of credibility assigned to measurements from static pressure, total pressure and angle-of-attack sensors, configured for selectively displaying a primary set of flight characteristics comprising at least one flight characteristic coming from a measurement from one of said sensors, when the measurements from said sensors are deemed reliable, and a secondary set of flight characteristics, distinct from said primary set, comprising at least one secondary flight characteristic designed to replace a counterpart flight characteristic from the primary set, when the measurements from at least one sensor are deemed unreliable, said secondary flight characteristic being independent of any measurement by the or each sensor deemed unreliable done when the measurements from that sensor are deemed unreliable.

Abstract: Novel tools and techniques for determining a blended position solution for a vehicle, using data from multiple positioning devices, some of which can be external to the vehicle. Some techniques allow a control system of a vehicle to transition from receiving position data from one positioning device to receiving data from another device without ceasing operation and/or while limiting any resulting discontinuity the position solution (and any resulting work performed by the vehicle) to within acceptable tolerances.

Abstract: A system and a method for data collection and analysis that uses a multi-level network are provided. The system comprises a first client device and a central network. The first client device and the central network form the multi-level network. The first client device is configured to receive a first data and perform a first data fusing process based on the first data. The first data fusing process generates a second data. The central network is in communication with the first client device. The central network receives the second data from the first client device. The central network is configured to perform a second data fusing process based on the second data to generate a third data. The third data is communicated to the first client device so that the first client device can perform a third data fusing process based on the third data to generate a fourth data.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a location of a device include estimating a mobility trace of the device, mapping the mobility trace to a map, and determining the location of the device based on the mapped mobility trace. The mobility trace may be estimated based on a reading obtained from the device, which may be a reading from an accelerometer and/or magnetometer sensor. The determined location of the device may correspond to a location on the mapped mobility trace.

Abstract: An example of the invention is a test support system for supporting testing of a function of a program that works depending on a position of a mobile object in map information. A storage device holds event generation requirements information defining requirements for generation of an event in the program. The requirements specify a position designated in the map information and requirements on movement of the mobile object with respect to the designated position. A processor creates a plurality of test cases to be referred to in creating test data to be input to the program for checking whether the event is generated in accordance with the requirements with reference to the map information and the requirements. Each of the plurality of test cases specifies the designated position in the map information and movement of the mobile object with respect to the designated position.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a plurality of sensors, each with one or more costs associated with it. In order to reduce the cost associated with using the sensors to infer information about the device's current context, a sensor manager first collects readings from relatively low-cost sensors, and attempts to infer the device's context based on these readings. If the context cannot be unambiguously determined (within an acceptable degree of tolerance) using the low-cost sensor readings, the sensor manager activates one or more higher-cost sensors to identify the current context. In some instances, if the higher-cost sensor is still not adequate to determine the context, one or more even higher-cost sensors are activated. The weighting of the various costs associated with the sensors can be adjusted based on previous and/or predicted contexts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of location sequence inferences for moving objects traveling along a path. The method and apparatus primarily concerns determining the location of a moving vehicle on a roadway in a roadway network. The inputs to the system include: raw GPS tracking sequence with timestamp, trajectory of the moving object inferred by map matching, accurate speed sequence from a reliable device, e.g. OBD (On-Board Diagnostics is an automotive term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting capability), historical map matching results and historical locations sequence inference results. The output of the system is a sequence of more accurate location (on road segments) sequences than raw GPS locations and map matching results.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems, preferably using UV spectroscopy, for the dynamic and continuous detection and quantification of a range of chemicals, particularly pollutants, in the environment, and to the production of a real-time display or map to display chemical levels in the environment are provided. By providing data packets which combine details of pollutants in the atmosphere with very accurate position and temporal information, and real-time map of pollution is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and system for optimally localizing vehicles in a parking environment. The method comprises receiving, by a vehicle localization server, 3D acceleration data of each of one or more vehicles when each of the one or more vehicles passes through one or more bumps in the parking environment. Upon receiving the 3D acceleration data, the vehicle localization server compares the 3D acceleration data with one or more predefined 3D acceleration data to identify the location status of each of the one or more bumps. The location status of the bumps corresponds to location status of the vehicle. The vehicle localization server localizes each of the one or more vehicles in the parking environment based on the location status of each of the one or more vehicles.

Abstract: A system and method for augmenting a GNSS/INS system by using a vision system is provided. The GNSS system generates GNSS location information and the INS system generates inertial location information. The vision system further generates vision system location information including horizon, plumb lines and distance traveled. The GNSS information, INS information and vision system are combined in a Kalman filter to produce improved location information.