Abstract: Noise discrimination in signals from a plurality of sensors is conducted by enhancing the phase difference in the signals such that off-axis pick-up is suppressed while on-axis pick-up is enhanced. Alternatively, attenuation/expansion are applied to the signals in a phase difference dependent manner, consistent with suppression of off-axis pick-up and on-axis enhancement. Nulls between sensitivity lobes are widened, effectively narrowing the sensitivity lobes and improving directionality and noise discrimination.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for validating signals to determine sizes and velocities of spherical objects are described. Light is scattered from a spherical object to form an interference fringe pattern. Portions of the interference fringe pattern are received by photodetectors. In response, the photodetectors generate time varying electrical signals. At least one of the time varying signals is partitioned into timing segments. The timing segments are processed to determine one or more timing parameters. A timing parameter consistency between at least two of the timing segments is verified. At least one of the time varying signals is validated based on the timing parameter consistency. The time varying electrical signal is accepted if a timing parameter difference is less or equal to a predetermined timing parameter error threshold. The time varying electrical signal is rejected if the timing parameter difference is larger than the predetermined timing parameter error threshold.

Abstract: Mass flow meter having at least one measurement tube, through which mass flows, as an oscillation body which can be set in mechanical oscillation by means of an excitation unit, the oscillation behavior of which varying as a function of the mass flow can be recorded via at least one oscillation sensor in order to determine the mass flow, wherein in order to eliminate noise signals from the measurement voltage (sen) recorded via the oscillation sensor computational technology means are provided for forming a complex conjugate spectrum (|sa1j|) from the spectrum of the excitation voltage (seD) as well as a vector product between this (|sa1j|) and the measurement voltage (sen) for the purpose of filtering, in order, by further computational technology means for inverse Fourier transformation, to obtain the signal relationship associated with the vector product between the excitation voltage (seD) and the measurement voltage (sen) so that the processed measurement voltage (sa1) resulting therefrom then predominan

Abstract: An apparatus for suppressing power frequency common mode interference in a bioelectrical signal measuring system includes a driving circuit configured to amplify and change the phase of a common mode interference signal to produce a first driving signal, wherein the common mode interference signal is extracted from a plurality of first electrodes attached to a patient; phase compensating and processing circuitry electrically connected to the driving circuit for receiving the first driving signal, the phase compensating and processing circuitry configured to produce a second driving signal by phase-compensating the first driving signal based on a characteristic value of power frequency interference in a bioelectrical signal acquired through the plurality of first electrodes; and a switch to receive the first driving signal and the second driving signal, the switch configured to selectively switch between providing the first driving signal and providing the second driving signal to a second electrode attached t

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and method including hardware and software, which allows collecting and analyzing data to obtain information about mechanical properties of soft materials in a much faster way. The apparatus can be used as a stand-alone device or an add-on to the existing AFM device. The apparatus allows collecting dynamical measurements using a set of multiple frequencies of interest at once, in one measurement instead of sequential, one frequency in a time, measurements.

Abstract: A method of reducing noise in an image including steps for obtaining a first value for a target pixel, obtaining a respective second value for each neighboring pixel surrounding the target pixel, identifying a spread for the second values, comparing the spread to a threshold value, and, if the spread if below the threshold value, calculating a new value using the second values, and replacing the first value with the new value.

Abstract: To perform marine electromagnetic (EM) surveying of a subterranean structure, a marine cable system is provided including a tow cable, a plurality of electromagnetic (EM) sources coupled to the tow cable, and a plurality of EM receivers coupled to the tow cable. The system is configured for deployment in a body of water to perform marine EM surveying of a subterranean structure.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for reducing phase noise in measurement signals from a sensor are provided. The apparatus and method, in one aspect, may use a multiphase counter to obtain a count for each sensor signals time cycle and a filter to reduce noise from the obtained counts. A suitable reference frequency, including the reference frequency of the sensor, may be utilized by the multiphase counter.

Abstract: Computer system and method for determining frequencies of various components of a volume choke volume dampener to be attached to a compressor. The method includes determining a sound spectrum of a cavity of the compressor without attaching the dampener to the compressor; calculating an acoustic wavelength of the cavity; receiving a length of a proximal nozzle of the dampener; and calculating, based on the acoustic wavelength of the cavity and the length of the proximal nozzle of the dampener, multiple order frequencies associated with the proximal nozzle of the dampener and the cavity of the compressor, wherein the proximal nozzle of the dampener is proximal to the cavity of the compressor when the dampener is attached to the compressor.

Abstract: A method of random sampling a signal includes determining a bounded sample timing interval, and acquiring a sample of the signal at random sample times within the bounded sample timing interval. Sample acquisition is repeated until the signal to noise ratio of an estimated spectrum of the signal, produced from the acquired samples, achieves a target signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to the control and regulation of a vibration isolation system with a number of vibration signal transducers for providing analogue sensor signals and a number of actuators for suppressing vibrations by processing the sensor signals to form actuator actuation signals for driving the actuators. One object of the invention is to demonstrate a way which enables high-quality parameterizability and regulating performance over a considerably wider frequency bandwidth of a vibration isolation system to be regulated. The invention proposes digitizing some of the sensor signals provided and processing them to form digital actuator actuation signals and processing other sensor signals provided in an analogue manner to form analogue actuator actuation signals and combining the digital actuator actuation signals and the analogue actuator actuation signals to form common actuator actuation signals which are supplied to the actuators in order to drive them.

Abstract: Techniques, systems and computer program products are disclosed for providing sensor mapping. In one aspect, a method includes receiving input from a user. The received input includes at least one of motion, force and contact. In addition, a sensor signal is generated based on the received input. From a choice of data structures a data structure associated with a selected application having one or more functions is identified. The data structure indicates a relationship between the generated sensor signal and the one or more functions of the selected application. The generated sensor signal is selectively mapped into a control signal for controlling the one or more functions of the selected application by using the identified data structure.

Abstract: A measuring device is disclosed for capacitive pressure and/or temperature measurement, particularly for tire pressure control systems, having at least one sensor, which has a capacitive measuring element to detect a state value, which is applied at an output-side measuring node of the measuring element, with at least one A/D converter operating according to the dual-slope method, with a charging/discharging circuit, for mutual charging and discharging of the measuring element and for generating a sawtooth-shaped measuring potential at the measuring node as a measure for the capacitance of the measuring element, with a period counter, which determines the periods of the measuring potential, and with a clock counter, which determines the cycles of a clock signal, which lie within the duration of at least one period of the measuring potential. The invention relates to a measuring method for capacitive pressure and/or temperature measurement.

Abstract: A signal processing method includes receiving an unknown signal that includes a distorted component and an undistorted component, and performing self-linearization based at least in part on the unknown signal to obtain an output signal that is substantially undistorted, wherein performing self-linearization includes adaptively generating a replica distortion signal that is substantially similar to the distorted component, and subtracting the replica distortion signal from the unknown signal to obtain the output signal.

Abstract: A noise-component removing method for removing a noise component from multipoint spectral data that has been generated through measurements performed at measurement points of a sample surface, the method comprising: a PLS analysis step of determining components of the multipoint spectral data for each measurement point in a descending order of eigenvalues of the components by subjecting the multipoint spectral data to multivariate analysis based on the partial least squares regression using a value obtained by quantifying characteristic information about a characteristic of each measurement point, other than spectral information of the measurement point and using the spectral information as an independent variable in the partial least squares regression; and a spectrum reconstruction step of reconstructing the multipoint spectral data for each measurement point to eliminate a component having an eigenvalue lower than a predetermined value, from the components determined in the PLS analysis step.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for filtering an electromyogram (EMG) signal from a raw signal which includes a contribution from an electrocardiogram (EKG) signal is disclosed. The method includes the steps of estimating an attribute (such as a Fourier transform) of both the EMG contribution to the raw signal and the EKG contribution to the raw signal and, dependent on both frequency spectrums, determining an EMG window in a frequency range and obtaining the EMG signal by passing it through a filter defined by the frequency range. The method is particularly used when monitoring a multi-channel electrical recording from a plurality of electrodes attached to a patient's diaphragm.

Abstract: A method for data processing includes transforming measurement data acquired in the time domain during an oilfield operation into a second domain to produce transformed data; identifying distortions in the transformed data; removing the distortions from the transformed data; and transforming back from the second domain to the time domain to produce cleaned-up data. The transforming measurement data may use a Fourier transform or a wavelet transform. The method may further include compressing the cleaned-up data or reconstructing signals from the cleaned-up data. A method for data processing includes decomposing measurement data, which are acquired in an oilfield operation, using a low pass filter to produce a first dataset; decomposing the measurement data using a high pass filter to produce a second dataset; removing distortions from the second dataset to yield a corrected second dataset; and reconstructing a corrected dataset from the first dataset and the corrected second dataset.

Abstract: Arrangements and methods for performing structural clustering between different time series. Time series data relating to a plurality of time series is accepted, structural features relating to the time series data are ascertained, and at least one distance between different time series via employing the structural features is determined. The different time series may be partitioned into clusters based on the at least one distance, and/or the k closest matches to a given time series query based on the at least one distance may be returned.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the detection of signals obscured by noise using stochastic resonance noise. The method determines the stochastic resonance noise probability density function in non-linear processing applications that is added to the observed data for optimal detection with no increase in probability of false alarm. The present invention has radar, sonar, signal processing (audio, image and video), communications, geophysical, environmental, and biomedical applications.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that removes noise from an image. During operation, the system first identifies blobs in the image, wherein a blob is a set of contiguous pixels which possibly represents a character or a portion of a character in the image. Next, the system analyzes the blobs to dynamically determine a “noise threshold” for the blobs. The system then removes blobs from the image which are below the noise threshold.

Abstract: A data compression technique is disclosed for Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS). A statistical analysis is applied to the data in the frequency domain since most of this data is a result of randomly distributed electronic noise. A fit of the whole frequency dataset to the distribution is made to determine preliminary moments of the distribution. The data in the tail of that distribution (which is mainly the peak data) is then removed and the remaining data points are re-fitted to the distribution, to identify the moments of distribution of that remaining noise data. A noise threshold for the mass spectrum is then applied using the calculated moments. The data above the threshold is kept. The whole spectrum can be reconstituted by storing the moments of distribution along with the peak data and then regenerating the noise from those moments and adding it to the peak data.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method enabling one to shield a device that measures weak biomagnetic signals from strong magnetic interference fields. The measurement sensors are provided with a feedback compensation loop, the difference signal of which is obtained from the measurement sensors themselves. As the actuator of the feedback function, one or more coils are responsible for eliminating, the external interference fields in the region of the sensors. Difference signals can be generated as a linear combination from the signals of two or more sensors. In the control logic, the SSS method can be used to numerically separate the biomagnetic signal being measured from the signals produced by the sources—compensation coils and interference sources—disposed outside the measurement region. The interference suppression can be enhanced by placing the assembly of sensors and the actuators within a magnetically shielding room.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for signal denoising utilizing a continuous wavelet transform. The method preferably utilizes derivatives of Gaussian functions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing the effect of electromagnetic radiation on electronic devices, are provided. The systems and methods includes determining a location of an electronic device within an environment; determining a level of electromagnetic radiation in a location of interest; and implementing corrective action to limit the effect of the electromagnetic radiation. The location of interest can include at least one of a current location; a future location; and a location that is proximal to the current location of the device. Determining the amount of electromagnetic radiation at a location of interest can include estimating a level of electromagnetic radiation at the location based on equipment stationed at that location; a scheduled use of equipment stationed at that location; and receiving a signal indicating a level of electromagnetic radiation from at least one detector positioned at the location of interest.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of a noise signal within a noise measurement field, where the noise measurement field includes a noise signal emanating from a noise source, and where the noise signal is mixed with extraneous noise existing within the noise measurement field. The method involves using a plurality of acoustic transducers arranged in a plurality of arrays to monitor the noise measurement field at a plurality of spatially separated locations. Outputs of the transducers are sampled to generate time series data. The time series data is processed to identify whether the noise signal is present.

Abstract: There is provided a probability density function separating apparatus that separates a predetermined component in a given probability density function, including: a domain transforming section that is supplied with the probability density function and transforms the probability density function into a spectrum in a frequency domain; and a standard deviation computing section that computes standard deviation of a random component included in the probability density function based on the spectrum.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a method and system for artifact detection in signals is disclosed. The artifacts may take the form of movement artifacts in physiological (e.g., pulse oximetry) signals. Artifacts in the wavelet space of the physiological signal may be removed, replaced, ignored, filtered, or otherwise modified by determining the energy within a predefined moving area of the wavelet scalogram, comparing the determined energy within the predefined moving area of the wavelet scalogram to a threshold value, and masking at least one area of artifact in the wavelet scalogram based, at least in part, on the comparison. From the enhanced signal, physiological parameters, for example, respiration, respiratory effort, pulse, and oxygen saturation, may be more reliably and accurately derived or computed.

Abstract: In a method, device and computer program product for extracting an EMG signal out of a raw signal obtained with a number of electrodes, the electrodes being adapted to interact with a patient to obtain signals from the patient's diaphragm on respective channels associated with the electrodes, a signal-to-noise-ratio is determined for the raw signal in each channel, and a weighting factor is automatically determined dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio. The respective raw signals from the channels are weighted according to the weighting factors, and are summed in order to generate a sum signal that represents the total EMG signal contained in all of the raw signals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a Fourier transform-based phasor estimation method and apparatus capable of eliminating the S influence of exponentially decaying DC offsets. According to a Fourier transform-based phasor estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, an input signal is sampled, and samples of one-cycle data of the input signal are separated into at least two sample groups. A Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed on each of the sample groups. A DC offset included in the input signal is calculated on a basis of results of the DFT on each of the sample groups, and an error caused by the DC offset is calculated using the calculated DC offset. A phasor of a fundamental frequency component included in the input signal is estimated by eliminating the calculated error, caused by the DC offset, from the results of the DFT on the input signal.

Abstract: Methods for generating a customized spectral profile, which can be used to generate a corresponding filter, lamp or other type of illuminant. A trial spectrum is generated. A reference spectrum is determined or otherwise obtained. A SOURCE spectrum is determined or otherwise obtained. One or more optical indices are calculated using the trial spectrum and one or more of the optical indices are optimized by varying the trial spectrum to generate the customized spectral profile. A radiation force parameter can be used to minimize unsafe build-up of light in spectral regions. Adaptations of color rendering parameters can be used in the optimization process. Smoothing parameters can be used to enable easier design of filter structures. A reflectance camera can be used to measure reflectance data at one or more pixels of a digital representation of an object to be illuminated.

Abstract: A system for reducing signal interference in modulated signal communication includes a measurement processor. The measurement processor measures amplitudes of noise components of a received amplitude modulated signal prior to demodulation. The measurement processor also identifies a frequency of a noise component having an amplitude larger than the amplitude of another noise component. A carrier frequency generator generates a carrier frequency substantially at a harmonic of the identified noise component. The carrier frequency is used to generate and demodulate the amplitude modulated signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a time base for a microcontroller and a simple circuit arrangement therefor, which comprises an RC-element having a specific time constant, said element being connected to a connection of the microcontroller. According to said method, the capacitor of the RC element is charged to an initial voltage in a first step, then in a second step, the number of timed impulses is counted until the voltage on the capacitor falls below the initial voltage to a determined percentage of the initial voltage or a voltage threshold value, and then in a third step, the counted number of timed impulses is used as a time base.

Abstract: In a method and a system for correcting an angle-measuring and/or distance-measuring sensor system, sinusoidal and cosinusoidal measurement signals (xi, yi) obtained by scanning a moved object of a measurement are evaluated. In order to correct the angle errors and/or phase errors of the measurement signal (xi, yi) a compensation process and a subsequent correction process are provided. Correction parameters (m1, m2) are obtained in the compensation process, and, in the correction process, a corrected pair of measured values (xi?, yi?) is determined form each pair of measured values (xi yi).

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of a signal S(t), S(t) containing Signal and noise, are disclosed. A measurement of S(t) at a frequency-of-interest is obtained. Noise measurements of S(t) at one or more noise frequencies where the Signal portion of S(t) is expected to be small are obtained. The noise at the frequency-of-interest is estimated using the noise measurements at the one or more noise frequencies. The estimated noise is subtracted from the measurement of S(t) at the frequency-of-interest.

Abstract: A computer system that schedules loads across a set of processor cores is described. During operation, the computer system receives thermal measurements from sensors associated with the set of processor cores, and removes noise from the thermal measurements. Then, the computer system analyzes thermal properties of the set of processor cores based on the thermal measurements. Next, the computer system receives a process to be executed, and schedules the process to be executed by at least one of the processor cores based on the analysis. This scheduling is performed in a manner that reduces spatial and temporal thermal variations in the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A noise rejection filter for a trigger circuit uses an algorithm that updates the filter output monotonically so long as the signal slope remains unchanged, maintains the filter output at a constant level when the signal slope changes but the difference between the sample value and the filter output is less than or equal to a hysteresis value, and changes the signal slope while updating the filter output when the difference is greater than the hysteresis value. This maintains the peaks of the input signal at the filter output. The noise rejection filter may be used in a trigger circuit prior to a comparator so that the trigger signal from the comparator accurately reflects the signal pulse width at a desired trigger level and trigger events are detected when the desired trigger level is near the peaks of the input signal.

Abstract: Relative noise is a single scalar value that is used to predict the maximum value of the expected noise at any point and is calculated from the measured signal and a mathematical noise model. The mathematical noise model is selected or estimated from an observation that includes statistical and/or numerical modeling based on a population of measurement points. An absolute noise for a plurality of points of the measured signal is estimated. An array of values is calculated by dividing each of a plurality of points of the absolute noise by a corresponding expected noise value calculated from the mathematical noise model. The relative noise is calculated by taking a standard deviation of a plurality of points of the array. The relative noise can be used to calculate scaled background signal noise, filter regions, denoise data, detect false positives from features, calculate S/N, and determine a stop condition for acquiring data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed wherein the horizontal and vertical variances of the pixels of an image are determined to calculate a noise measurement in a received image.

Abstract: A method for removing sinusoidal interference signals from a noise signal. The method includes transforming a measured signal (x(t), x(?·?t)), which is composed of a limited number of sinusoidal interference signals (Ak·ej(?kt+?k), Ak·ej(?k?·?t+?k)) and a white noise signal (w(t), w(?·?t)), into a subspace containing noise components and a subspace containing interference-signal components, and forming the spectrum of only the noise signal using the subspace containing the noise components. The entire frequency range is split into several frequency bands (?), in which each measured signal (x(t), x(?·?t)) consists of a limited number (p(?)) of sinusoidal interference signals and a white noise signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sensor output signal noise reduction in which at least one sensor output signal is introduced into an LMS-based adaptive noise cancellation mechanism and the resulting noise cancellation mechanism output signal is processed using a sub-band spectral subtractive mechanism, producing a reduced noise signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing the broadband noise content of a digital image comprising the following: a means of automatically identifying regions of originally constant color in the image by analysis of the variance of pixel values of regions of the image; a means of automatically detecting and discarding regions deemed to be unrepresentative of the true noise content of an image, including under- and over- exposed regions; a means of allowing the user to manually select some or all required constant color regions if desired; and, a means of analyzing such constant color regions to generate a parametric or non-parametric model of the noise in the image, including frequency characteristic within and between channels and other characteristics such as phase which might describe structured noise.

Abstract: A method for measuring a fluorescent sample on a substrate. The method includes exciting the fluorescent sample with an exciting light source for the generation of a sample fluorescent optical signal and a substrate fluorescent optical signal substantially eliminated. The microfluidic substrate fluorescent optical signal is leaving the sample fluorescent optical signal. The sample fluorescence optical signal can then be processed.

Abstract: Seismic data may be imaged using or recognizing substantially only primary reflections. Imaging seismic data may include for example integrating a plurality of seismic data points that have substantially similar arrival directions, for example, to a modeled primary ray. Seismic data points may be imaged that for example substantially meet a set of predetermined conditions, for example, conditions substantially unique to primaries, which may include for example arrival direction and angle of reflection.

Abstract: An antenna includes a waveguide having an aperture at a first end and a conducting component at a second end, the conducting component shorting the waveguide and a first set of two orthogonal dipoles, fed in quadrature, the orthogonal dipoles located near the aperture of the waveguide operating close to its dominant mode cut off frequency.

Abstract: A projection is associated with a first signal and a second signal. The second signal includes a first portion associated with the first signal and a second portion not associated with the first signal. The projection at least substantially separates the first portion of the second signal from the second portion of the second signal. One or more parameters of a model are identified using at least a portion of the projection. The model associates the first signal and the first portion of the second signal.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for filtering systematic differences from wafer evaluation parameters provides an efficient visual display and numerical map technique for observing wafer-level process variation. Measurement data is gathered from electronic circuits at multiple positions within multiple regions on one or more wafers and parameters are computed from the measurement data, which may be the measurement data values themselves. The set of parameters is filtered for expected systematic variation by computing a set of normalization values from the set of parameters and normalizing the data according to the normalization values. The normalized parameter set is then either presented in a visual display, e.g., by color mapping, or arranged in a numerical map of parameter value by location.

Abstract: The invention can provide apparatus and methods for processing wafers using Noise-Reduction (N-R) metrology models that can be used in Double-Patterning (D-P) processing sequences, Double-Exposure (D-E) processing sequences, or other processing sequences.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method and an apparatus for analyzing measured signals using various processing techniques. In certain embodiments, the measured signals are physiological signals. In certain embodiments, the measurements relate to blood constituent measurements including blood oxygen saturation.

Abstract: Through the use of image processing and set-up calibration techniques, an accurate position of an object may be determined. Embodiments of the present disclosure measure a change in position over a known time interval. Accordingly, the change in position aids in measuring the object's metrics such as, for example, position, velocity, acceleration, maximum velocity, maximum acceleration and/or maximum deceleration. The object can be, for example, any person, individual body part, a group of body parts, a vehicle, or any other movable object.

Abstract: An eye opening measurement technique, that does not interrupt a receiver's normal operation, is used as a metric for optimizing any selected parameters of the receiver's operation. If eye opening size decreases, as a result of a change to a receiver parameter, the polarity for stepwise changes is reversed such that the next change is in the opposite direction. Other types of search procedures can be used. Eye opening size is the difference between the eye's upper and lower edges. Measurement of eye opening size is accomplished using a data and auxiliary slicer that find each “edge” of an eye opening based upon the slicers' level of agreement. Depending upon the level of agreement, and whether symbols of the upper or lower region of the eye are counted, the threshold of the auxiliary slicer can be adjusted in the direction necessary to converge on the eye edge sought.