Abstract: A system includes at least one sensor device configured to transmit a first detection signal over a first spatial region and a second detection signal over a second spatial region. The second region has a first sub-region in common with the first region. The system further includes a processing device configured to assign a first occupancy value to a first cell in an evidence grid. The first cell represents the first sub-region, and the first occupancy value characterizes whether an object has been detected by the first detection signal as being present in the first sub-region. The processing device is further configured to calculate, based on the first and second detection signals, the probability that the first occupancy value accurately characterizes the presence of the object in the first sub-region, and generate a data representation of the first sub-region based on the probability calculation.

Abstract: In a method for correction of an image in a series of images acquired with an x-ray detector; wherein the x-ray detector is composed of a number of detector elements and an acquired image is composed of image elements associated with the detector elements, a series of detector signals is generated in a detector element by x-ray radiation, the detector signals respectively exhibiting a detector-specific temporal decay curve; and an image element to be corrected and acquired over a predetermined acquisition interval contains signal portions of the current and preceding detector signals acquired during this acquisition interval. By calculating signal portions of preceding detector signals acquired in the acquisition interval and subtracting them from the image element to be corrected, the image quality of an image from a series of images acquired with a digital image acquisition apparatus is improved.

Abstract: A method for processing sensor data which are transmitted by at least one asynchronous sensor at a transfer rate, the sensor data being read at a predefined sampling rate, a mean value being computed from a predefined number of read sensor data, wherein the sampling ratio between the sampling rate and transfer rate is estimated for averaging, the number of transmitted data values and the number of sampling pulses within a predefined time span being ascertained and correlated to each other for estimating the sampling ratio.

Abstract: A method for estimating a state associated with a process includes receiving a state observation associated with the process. The state observation has an associated process time. A weighting factor to discount the state observation is generated based on the process time. A state estimate is generated based on the discounted state observation. A system includes a process tool, a metrology tool, and a process controller. The process tool is operable to perform a process in accordance with an operating recipe. The metrology tool is operable to generate a state observation associated with the process. The process controller is operable to receive the state observation, the state observation having an associated process time, generate a weighting factor to discount the state observation based on the process time, generate a state estimate based on the discounted state observation, and determine at least one parameter of the operating recipe based on the state estimate.

Abstract: A method for tracking a sinusoidal electromagnetic signal in noisy data using a Kalman filter or other tracking algorithm. The method is useful for controlled source electromagnetic surveying where longer source-receiver offsets can cause the source signal to decay significantly and be difficult to retrieve from magnetotelluric or other electromagnetic background.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a dataset of spectra is provided in which each spectrum has a count value for each of a number of parameter values within a parameter range. The method is for identifying one or more parameter values that exhibit a significant variation within the dataset. A dataset of spectra is obtained and a statistical analysis is applied to the count values for each of the parameter values. The result of the analysis for each parameter value is a function of the variation in the count values. A spectrum that is representative of at least part of the dataset of spectra is then displayed together with the results of the statistical analysis. A corresponding computer program and system for performing the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of comparing a plurality of measurements to a template are described. Measurements are compared piecewise (element-by-element) and a proportion of successful comparisons at each of a plurality of distance scaling factors is calculated. The proportions are subjected to a nonlinear transformation, then normalized and combined into a weighted sum. The weighted sum is compared with a threshold value to establish the result of the comparison. Software and systems to implement embodiments of the invention are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A weighting function is obtained to enhance measured diffraction signals used in optical metrology. To obtain the weighting function, a measured diffraction signal is obtained. The measured diffraction signal was measured from a site on a wafer using a photometric device. A first weighting function is defined based on noise that exists in the measured diffraction signal. A second weighting function is defined based on accuracy of the measured diffraction signal. A third weighting function is defined based on sensitivity of the measured diffraction signal. A fourth weighting function is defined based on one or more of the first, second, and third weighting functions.

Abstract: A method for processing sensor data which are transmitted by at least one asynchronous sensor at a transfer rate into a buffer memory, the sensor data being read from the buffer memory at a predefined sampling rate, and a mean value being computed from a predefined number of read sensor data. The transfer rate to sampling rate ratio is selected in such a way that the number of sensor data averaged within a sampling period is n or (n+1), the mean values of the read sensor data being computed using a fixed synchronized phase shift with respect to the sampling rate, which is determined in averaging (n+1) sensor data, n being a natural number greater than or equal to two.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interference eliminating method in an adaptive array system, and an array processing device using the interference eliminating method. A predetermined array weight is applied to signals input through respective array elements, and the respective input signals to which the array weight is applied are added to generate an array output signal. Subsequently, the array weight is updated based on the array output signal and a first convergence parameter for unit gain constraint, and the array weight is updated based on the array output signal and a second convergence parameter for null constraint. Since a process for generating the array output signal is repeatedly performed based on the updated array weight, an interference signal is eliminated from the input signal.

Abstract: A system and method for non-square blind source separation (BSS) under coherent noise. The system and method for non-square BSS estimates the mixing parameters of a mixed source signal and filters the estimated mixing parameters so that output noise is reduced and the mixed source signal is separated from the noise. The filtering is accomplished by a linear filter that performs a beamforming for reducing the noise and another linear filter that solves a source separation problem by selecting time-frequency points where, according to a W-disjoint orthogonality assumption, only one source is active.

Abstract: The method for suppressing noise in the controlled seismic source electromagnetic survey data based on the frequency content of the noise (51) contained in the data. The invention recognizes that some data variations across bins cannot be attributed to resistivity variations within the earth. This variation across the bins constitutes a model of noise in such surveys, and the invention mitigates noise that obeys this model.

Abstract: An energy detection apparatus and method for detecting energy is disclosed. The energy detection apparatus and method in the present invention obtains a new energy detection value by subtracting a previously sample-averaged value from a current output energy detection value and then adding an absolute sampled value. Thus, the apparatus and method of energy detection in the present invention is capable not only of saving cost due to no demand for memories but also of providing real-time detection with no time delay.

Abstract: Correction of scintillation event data from a nuclear medicine imaging system for effects of pulse pile-up is carried out by separating event data packets into total energy and individual detector energy data packets, executing pile-up correction algorithms on each of the separated packets simultaneously using a pipeline processing architecture, and reassembling the corrected data packets into corrected scintillation event data packets. Pulse tail correction information for each individual detector is stored in a storage medium for a present event and immediately preceding event for which correction information exists, which allows individual detector correction information to be retrieved by using a look-up procedure, thereby enabling correction to be performed within a single processor cycle.

Abstract: A “Sensor Array Post-Filter” provides an adaptive post-filter that accurately models and suppresses both diffuse and directional noise sources as well as interfering speech sources. The post-filter is applied to an output signal produced by a beamformer used to process signals produced by a sensor array. As a result, the Sensor Array Post-Filter operates to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of beamformer output signals by providing adaptive post-filtering of the output signals. The post-filter is generated based on a generative statistical model for modeling signal and noise sources at distinct regions in a signal field that considers prior distributions trained to model an instantaneous direction of arrival for signals captured by sensors in the array.

Abstract: The ability to combine multiple audio signals captured from the microphones in a microphone array is frequently used in beamforming systems. Typically, beamforming involves processing the output audio signals of the microphone array in such a way as to make the microphone array act as a highly directional microphone. In other words, beamforming provides a “listening beam” which points to a particular sound source while often filtering out other sounds. A “generic beamformer,” as described herein automatically designs a set of beams (i.e., beamforming) that cover a desired angular space range within a prescribed search area. Beam design is a function of microphone geometry and operational characteristics, and also of noise models of the environment around the microphone array. One advantage of the generic beamformer is that it is applicable to any microphone array geometry and microphone type.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for determining the state of a body, a number n of measured values {right arrow over (x)}i of a state of the body with i=1, . . . , n are measured and recorded, the measured values {right arrow over (x)}i representing points in the k-dimensional space. The measured values {right arrow over (x)}i of the state are then fed to a Kalman filter for estimating the state of the body. For each number n of measured values {right arrow over (x)}i of a state of the body, a first quantity {right arrow over (m)}n and a second quantity rn are derived, and are fed to the Kalman filter, the quantity {right arrow over (m)}n being the center vector, and the quantity rn being the radius of a k-dimensional sphere Bn within which all points {right arrow over (x)}i are situated.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a cable force feedforward approach that takes into account the cable force in the counter-mass trajectory computation to reduce or eliminate vibration of the lens body caused by the cable force disturbance and corrective force exerted by the trim motors. In one embodiment, a method provides cable force feedforward control for a counter-mass of a stage with a cable connected to the counter-mass and using the cable force feedforward control to control one or more trim motors to produce a trim motor output force to be applied to the counter-mass, the counter-mass moving in response to a reaction force from movement of the stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of processing a noisy sound signal and to a device for implementing said method. The inventive method includes the following steps which are performed for each frame of a noisy sound signal, consisting in: applying a frequency-domain transform; estimating a power spectral density (PSD) of the noise for the frame; calculating a first noise reduction filter from the estimated PSD of the noise and from an estimation of the PSD of a wanted signal corresponding to the frame; filtering the frame with the aid of the calculated noise reduction filter, in order to obtain a first noise-corrected estimation for the frame; and obtaining a frame of a second signal from the first noise-corrected estimation of the aforementioned frame, comprising harmonics which are essentially at the same positions as the wanted signal corresponding to the frame of the noisy sound signal.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment comprises a method for determining value-at-risk based on tick-by-tick financial data. Major steps of the method comprise the following: (1) financial market transaction data is electronically received by a computer; (2) the received financial market transaction data is electronically; (3) a time series z is constructed that models the received financial market transaction data; (4) an exponential moving average operator is constructed; (5) an operator is constructed that is based on the exponential moving average operator; (6) a causal operator ?[z] is constructed that is based on the iterated exponential moving average operator; (7) values of predictive factors are calculated; (8) the values calculated by the computer are stored in a computer readable medium, and (9) value-at-risk is calculated from the values stored in step (8).

Abstract: A system and method is shown for determining the spatial boundary of certain measurable phenomena, such as broadcast signals, at various locations within geographical areas covered by the phenomenon. Data representing relative signal quality at various locations within the geographical area is created within a mobile device, such as a cell phone capable of receiving the phenomenon. The data is stored and refined within the device so as to define weak signal quality areas within at least a portion of the geographical area traveled by the mobile device. The refinement, which in one embodiment comprises coalescing and splitting stored data locations in the device allows for long storage periods by reducing memory requirements. By devoting the majority of memory to locations in the vicinity of the good/bad boundary, the most detailed picture possible of the boundary is achieved for a given amount of memory.

Abstract: The present invention provides a calibration method and circuit for outputting an average calibration value used in an image-capture apparatus. The calibration circuit comprises difference means accepting a plurality of digital signals from capturing a pixel of a calibration chart. The difference means is for operating each digital signal with subtracting a base value, and whereby filters any aberrant digital signal. Divider means accepts the digital signals for operating each digital signal with dividing a number of scanned times, and whereby prevents an operation of any signal from overflowing. Direct average means accepts the digital signals for summing the digital signals and then divides the number of scanned times, and whereby speeds a calibration operation.

Abstract: In an autostereoscopic display, a horizontal view range can be widened without reducing two-dimensional resolutions. Lenses are arranged to be a linear combination having integer coefficients of two unit vectors, thereby to control the vertical and horizontal view ranges.

Abstract: A system and method of accurately predicting and reporting a value of a property based on a weighted average of values predicted by at least two prediction models. The system and method include the steps of accessing predicted values, determined by the prediction models, for the property; determining property-specific proportional prediction error distribution information for each predicted value determined by each prediction model; assigning a weight to the predicted value determined by each prediction model by using the property-specific proportional prediction error distribution information; and generating a property-specific weighted average value based on combination of the weight and the predicted value determined by each prediction model and reporting the property-specific weighted average value to minimize prediction error during prediction of the property value.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for performing an eye scan. Said apparatus comprises: a receiver for receiving input signals; an equaliser for processing said input signals; a data sampler for sampling said processed input signals at certain sampling points to produce a data output, said data sampler being controlled by a clock signal; an edge sampler for detecting the edges of the processed input signal; an early/late voter for deciding whether a current sampling point needs to be advanced or retarded. The early/late voter passes an Up/Down signal to an interpolator for maintaining said clock signal, said interpolator acting on said Up/Down signal to adjust the clock signal by stepping it forward or backward according to control need, so that said sampling point can be advanced or retarded.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and program products are disclosed that classify spectral peaks in dissociation spectrum data and thereby improves the efficiency of molecular sequencing.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a physical parameter comprises receiving a sensor signal representative of an actual value from each of a plurality of sensors. The method further comprises calculating confidence value for each sensed value and a weighted average of actual values of the sensor signal by weighting each sensed value by the respective confidence value. The weighted average is used to determine a corresponding value of the sensed parameter.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for directionally filtering signals by projecting a received signal onto a subspace substantially orthogonal to selected interfering signals. The received signal typically comprises at least one signal of interest, at least one selected interfering signal, and noise. The received signal may further comprise other signals, including non-selected interfering signals. The projection of the received signal results in substantially no contribution from the selected interference signals on the signal of interest. For example, substantially no residual energy of the selected interference signals remains as an influence on the signal of interest. In one embodiment, a system generates a converted matrix having a substantially orthogonal set of vectors. Each vector may represent one or more selected interfering signals. The vectors may comprise code characteristics of the selected interfering signals. A directional filter uses the matrix to perform the projection.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for assisting a user in determining a level of confidence in a risk assessment, the apparatus comprising: input means (3) for receiving at least one of a set of factors each of which can affect the level of confidence in the risk assessment; storage means (5) for storing the set of factors and a set of weighting indicators, wherein each factor within the set of factors is associated with a weighting indicator from the set of weighting indicators; processing means (7) for processing the at least one of the set of factors entered into the input means (3) and processing the set of factors stored in the storage means (3) in order to identify a factor in the set of factors which corresponds to the at least one factor entered into the input means (3); and output means (9) for outputting the set of weighting indicators and the weighting indicator associated with the factor identified by the processing means (7).

Abstract: A method of displaying signals containing a spatial and a temporal aspect, where multiple signals are received by multiple sensors. The received signals are decomposed into separate signal components within one or more distinct frequency bands. Signal components are isolated within each frequency band based on differences between the signal components within the same frequency band, and the signal components are displayed. The signal components may be analyzed to determine a time course of activity and a location of the associated source. Representations of the source may also be generated and displayed to aid in monitoring the signals.

Abstract: A computer derives, from a current measurement of an attribute of a system, an instantaneous severity score based on a probability model that is determined from prior measurements. The computer then displays, for several successive moments in time, either the instantaneous severity score or an aggregated severity score obtained from a set of instantaneous severity scores (e.g. by averaging). Each set of scores to be aggregated may be identified by, e.g., a fixed-width time window located at a fixed offset from a moment in time at which the aggregated score is to be displayed. Aggregation suppresses or dampens momentary abnormalities, which would otherwise get displayed. In some embodiments, graphs for multiple categories of metrics are displayed on a single screen, aligned in time, to enable a human operator to form a visual correlation therebetween, e.g. to identify causes of atypical performance in the system.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for obtaining data indicative of at least one characteristic of a continuous medium or at least one localized target located within a predetermined volume of space. The system includes a sensor configuration with at least one sensor for acquiring a plurality of signals from the continuous medium or the target. Each one of the plurality of signals is centered at a respective distinguishable frequency. The system also includes a processing circuit for obtaining the data indicative of the characteristic of the continuous medium or the target by calculating a plurality of powered weighted increments using the plurality of signals acquired by the sensor configuration and by relating the plurality of powered weighted increments to the characteristic of the continuous medium or the target using a plurality of models.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for comparing a data set to a baseline value for use in data analysis of the data set having a plurality of data points, the method comprising providing the data set to be analyzed, locating potentially bad data points in at least a portion of the data set using an odd-man out recursive technique, preparing a baseline set by discarding the potentially bad data points from the at least a portion of the data set and calculating a baseline value from the baseline set.

Abstract: An enhancement filter for an oscilloscope is disclosed wherein the enhancement filter may be initially calibrated for one or more channels and/or for one or more attenuation settings such as 50 mV per division, 100 mV per division, and/or 200 mV per division, for example. In one embodiment, a desired filter response is selected to have a modified Gaussian type filter function having an at least approximately linear phase response, wherein the transfer function of the desired filter response comprises a step response that is be stored in the oscilloscope to be used as a part of calibration system of the oscilloscope.

Abstract: A method for processing missing values in measured data is provided. The method includes assigning weights to measured objects or measured items, according to a priority of the measured objects or measured items; selecting a set of the measured objects and measured items including the missing values having the smallest sum of the weights among a plurality of sets of the measured objects and measured items including the missing values; and removing the measured objects and measured items included in the selected set from the measured data.

Abstract: An engine diagnostic system is provided that enables a service technician to evaluate engine cylinder contribution to output power. The service technician couples one or more signal leads to the vehicle's battery, alternator, or accessory receptacle (e.g., cigarette lighter receptacle) to provide an alternator output signal to a signal analyzer. The signal analyzer processes the alternator output signal to generate an engine signature, which represents engine cylinder contribution to engine output power.

Abstract: A method for commissioning sensors includes determining correlation data between the sensors and a plurality of actuators. The correlation data is based upon conditions detected by the sensors at a plurality of actuator settings. Correlation indexes are calculated from the correlation data, where a correlation index for a sensor is a function of the plurality of actuator settings and a particular actuator. In addition, each of the sensors is assigned to at least one of a plurality of actuator families based upon the calculated correlation indexes of the sensors to thereby commission the sensors.

Abstract: A method and system that reduces undesired vibration in a vehicle measures ambient vibration and generates a first command signal based upon the measured vibration. If a first component of the first command signal exceeds a maximum allowable, the first component of the first command signal must be constrained. A residual vibration resulting from the constraint of the first component is then calculated. A second command signal to compensate for the residual vibration is then calculated. Force generators are then activated based upon the constrained first component and the second command signal in order to reduce the vibration.

Abstract: A method for mathematically identifying at least one diesel fuel suitable for combustion in an automotive diesel engine with significantly reduced emissions and producible from known petroleum blendstocks using known refining processes, including the use of cetane additives (ignition improvers) and oxygenated compounds.

Abstract: A method and system for canceling noise and compressing data from a motor phase angle sensor. In this invention, phase angle data is sampled at a first sampling rate to generate a sampled phase angle. The sampled phase angle signal is sub-sampled at a second sampling rate to generate a sub-sampled phase angle signal which is transformed by subtracting each of the sub-sampled data points of the sub-sampled signal from 90 degrees to generate a transformed signal. The transformed phase angle signal is then convoluted with a wavelet signal to generate a convoluted phase angle signal. Next, a phase angle range signal is generated by calculating the range between the largest and smallest convoluted data points within each of a plurality of segments of the convoluted signal. A moving average calculation is performed on the phase angle range signal to generate a moving average signal.

Abstract: A method for determining outlier data points in. A subset of dataset patterns is selected from a set of mathematical dataset patterns, and the subset of dataset patterns is combined into a composite dataset. The composite dataset is compared to the dataset, and a degree of correlation between the composite dataset and the dataset is determined. Data points within the composite dataset are selectively weighted to improve the degree of correlation, and the steps described above are selectively iteratively repeated until the degree of correlation is at least a desired value. Residuals for the data points within the composite dataset are selectively determined. At least one of the weighted data points within the composite dataset that are weighted within a first specified range, and data points within the composite dataset that have a residual within a second specified range, are selectively output as outlier data points.

Abstract: A method and system for intrinsic timescale decomposition, filtering, and automated analysis of signals of arbitrary origin or timescale including receiving an input signal, determining a baseline segment and a monotonic residual segment with strictly negative minimum and strictly positive maximum between two successive extrema of the input signal, and producing a baseline output signal and a residual output signal. The method and system also includes determining at least one instantaneous frequency estimate from a proper rotation signal, determining a zero-crossing and a local extremum of the proper rotation signal, and applying interpolation thereto to determine an instantaneous frequency estimate thereof.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for reducing coherent noise in measurements of repetitive analog signal waveforms by digital signal averagers. Coherent noise is repetitive and synchronous with the signal waveform and is therefore undiminished by conventional signal averaging techniques. A major source of coherent noise is the repetitive voltage transitions that occur within the digital signal averager itself. The apparatus and methods of the present invention introduce a known and variable phase offset during the signal averaging process between the signal waveform being measured and the internally generated coherent noise, thereby allowing such coherent noise to be averaged, and therefore reduced, during the signal averaging process. Consequently, the apparatus and methods of the present invention allow greater signal-to-noise ratio and signal dynamic range than with the prior art.

Abstract: A method and system for generating an accurate model of noise created through near end crosstalk (NEXT) when qualifying DSL loops. The model is configured such that it may account for loop characteristics such as fill and gauge of a particular loop, and disturbers which may create a noise environment within the particular binder group. The noise model may further be employed in an automated system which, based on stored characteristics for a particular loop, is employed to generate a noise value which is then further employable in a qualification analysis.

Abstract: A method of calculating partial CRCs on-the-fly is provided without the need for pre-computed tables and without size restrictions on data blocks or packets. The method works for both fixed and variable length data blocks by computing the remainders of the powers of two as data blocks are received, without the need for pre-computing them and storing them in a table. The method may be employed on data streams wherein the data blocks are received out-of-order.

Abstract: A synchronous vector measuring device can measure an absolute phase angle of a synchronous vector excellent in continuous numerical stability at high speed and with high accuracy in a noisy electric power system. A voltage measuring part measures the voltage of the electric power system at a period equal to 1/4N (N being a positive integer) of one period of a reference wave. A voltage root-mean-square value calculation part calculates, at each voltage measuring timing, a voltage root-mean-square value at a specific timing from the voltages measured at past 4N timings including the specific timing. An absolute phase angle calculation part makes, at each voltage measuring timing, an inverse cosine of a value obtained by dividing the voltage measured at the specific timing by the product of the voltage root-mean-square value and the square root of 2, as the absolute phase angle of the synchronous vector at the specific timing.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing the broadband noise content of a digital image comprising the following: a means of automatically identifying regions of originally constant color in the image by analysis of the variance of pixel values of regions of the image; a means of automatically detecting and discarding regions deemed to be unrepresentative of the true noise content of an image, including under- and over-exposed regions; a means of allowing the user to manually select some or all required constant color regions if desired; and, a means of analyzing such constant color regions to generate a parametric or non-parametric model of the noise in the image, including frequency characteristic within and between channels and other characteristics such as phase which might describe structured noise.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting or predicting an undesired deviation in variability of at least one parameter being monitored, wherein the variation in the parameter is incrementally recorded. The method comprises establishing the number of subsets of a dataset that have a range of the difference between any two datapoints within the dataset, and computing a control chart for the range based thereon. The method accurately detects changes in variability in real time. The true distribution of the data is reflected, and the desired result is achieved without requiring an inordinate number of computations.

Abstract: Waveform diagrams of cholesterol and triglyceride, for example, obtained by electrophoresis are overlappedly displayed (superimposed). To compare or overlappedly display two waveform diagrams, one unit of absolute concentration is related to one unit of waveform size for normalization. With this method, phenotype classification of lipid can be easily performed. Further, phenotype can also be performed quantitatively and automatically from two waveform diagrams. Thus, a plurality of waveform diagrams of lipid in serum (plasma) obtained by a densitometer or the like can be quantitatively compared.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of analyzing and/or displaying data. In one aspect, the invention provides methods for visualizing or displaying high dynamic range data obtained from flow cytometry analyses. Related systems and computer programs products are also provided.