Abstract: A system and method of enhancing operation of hydraulic fracturing equipment at a hydraulic fracturing wellsite may include determining if a hydraulic fracturing stage profiles are available for use for hydraulic fracturing equipment at a wellsite. The method may include prompting an acceptance or amendment of one of the hydraulic fracturing stage profiles for a hydraulic fracturing pumping stage. The method may include, in response to an amendment of one of the hydraulic fracturing stage profiles, prompting acceptance of the amended hydraulic fracturing stage profile as the current hydraulic fracturing stage profile for use in association with the controller. The method may include, when a hydraulic fracturing stage profile is not available, prompting configuration of hydraulic fracturing pumping stage parameters for the current hydraulic fracturing stage profile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a monitoring method for monitoring a remote pumping station in communication with a computational device via the Internet. An embodiment of a method may comprise requesting, using the computational device, pumping station information from the pumping station. The pumping station information may then be received by the computational device. The pumping station information may be in the form of a pumping station profile. In one embodiment, information from the pumping station profile is displayed on a display of the computational device. The information displayed would typically comprise the water level, and indicators of the activation set points and deactivation set points for the pumps.

Abstract: A parallel-processing hydrocarbon (HC) migration and accumulation methodology is applied to basin data to determine migration pathways and traps for high-resolution petroleum system modeling. HC is determined in parallel to have been expelled in source rocks associated with a plurality of grid cells divided into one or more subdomains. Potential trap peaks are identified within the plurality of grid cells. An invasion percolation (IP) process is performed until the HC stops migrating upon arrival to the plurality of trap peaks. A determination is made as to whether the grid cells containing HC contains an excess volume of HC. An accumulation process is performed to model the filling of the HC at a trap associated with the identified potential trap peaks. The trap boundary cell list is updated in parallel together with an HC potential value. Trap filling terminates when excess HC is depleted or a spill point is reached.

Abstract: A parallel-processing hydrocarbon (HC) migration and accumulation methodology is applied to basin data to determine migration pathways and traps for high-resolution petroleum system modeling. HC is determined in parallel to have been expelled in source rocks associated with a plurality of grid cells divided into one or more subdomains. Potential trap peaks are identified within the plurality of grid cells. An invasion percolation (IP) process is performed until the HC stops migrating upon arrival to the plurality of trap peaks. A determination is made as to whether the grid cells containing HC contains an excess volume of HC. An accumulation process is performed to model the filling of the HC at a trap associated with the identified potential trap peaks. The trap boundary cell list is updated in parallel together with an HC potential value. Trap filling terminates when excess HC is depleted or a spill point is reached.

Abstract: A parallel-processing hydrocarbon (HC) migration and accumulation methodology is applied to basin data to determine migration pathways and traps for high-resolution petroleum system modeling. HC is determined in parallel to have been expelled in source rocks associated with a plurality of grid cells divided into one or more subdomains. Potential trap peaks are identified within the plurality of grid cells. An invasion percolation (IP) process is performed until the HC stops migrating upon arrival to the plurality of trap peaks. A determination is made as to whether the grid cells containing HC contains an excess volume of HC. An accumulation process is performed to model the filling of the HC at a trap associated with the identified potential trap peaks. The trap boundary cell list is updated in parallel together with an HC potential value. Trap filling terminates when excess HC is depleted or a spill point is reached.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for automatically recognizing an electrical imaging well logging facies, wherein the method comprises: acquiring historical data of electrical imaging well logging; pre-processing the historical data of the electrical imaging well logging to generate an electrical imaging well logging image covering a full hole; recognizing a typical imaging well logging facies in the electrical imaging well logging image covering the full hole, and determining the electrical imaging well logging image covering the full hole as a training sample in accordance with a category of the imaging well logging facies; constructing a deep learning model including an input layer, a plurality of hidden layers, and an output layer; training the deep learning model using the training sample to obtain a trained deep learning model; and recognizing the well logging facies of the electrical imaging well logging image of the well section to be recognized using the trained deep learning model.

Abstract: A parallel-processing hydrocarbon (HC) migration and accumulation methodology is applied to basin data to determine migration pathways and traps for high-resolution petroleum system modeling. HC is determined in parallel to have been expelled in source rocks associated with a plurality of grid cells divided into one or more subdomains. Potential trap peaks are identified within the plurality of grid cells. An invasion percolation (IP) process is performed until the HC stops migrating upon arrival to the plurality of trap peaks. A determination is made as to whether the grid cells containing HC contains an excess volume of HC. An accumulation process is performed to model the filling of the HC at a trap associated with the identified potential trap peaks. The trap boundary cell list is updated in parallel together with an HC potential value. Trap filling terminates when excess HC is depleted or a spill point is reached.

Abstract: A parallel-processing hydrocarbon (HC) migration and accumulation methodology is applied to basin data to determine migration pathways and traps for high-resolution petroleum system modeling. HC is determined in parallel to have been expelled in source rocks associated with a plurality of grid cells divided into one or more subdomains. Potential trap peaks are identified within the plurality of grid cells. An invasion percolation (IP) process is performed until the HC stops migrating upon arrival to the plurality of trap peaks. A determination is made as to whether the grid cells containing HC contains an excess volume of HC. An accumulation process is performed to model the filling of the HC at a trap associated with the identified potential trap peaks. The trap boundary cell list is updated in parallel together with an HC potential value. Trap filling terminates when excess HC is depleted or a spill point is reached.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for displaying toolface orientation data including a surface steerable system for controlling drilling direction of a bottom hole assembly (BHA). The surface steerable system configured to receive toolface orientation data from the BHA and generate display data responsive thereto. A circular chart display is generated responsive to the display data responsive to the display data from the surface steerable system, the circular chart display representing current and historical toolface orientation data. The current and historical toolface orientation data is represented as an arc indicator defined on the circular chart illustrating a range in degrees of the current and historical toolface orientations.

Abstract: A method for examining uncertainty and risk associated with the development of a hydrocarbon resource by rapidly generating and analyzing variations of reservoir models realized from scenarios. The method and system may include instantiating realizations for objects based on the selected parameter ranges; and combining instantiated realizations of the objects into a reservoir model.

Abstract: A laboratory tracer experiment system based on karst conduit medium characteristic inversion, having: a assembly model system of the karst conduit medium; a test bed, configured to support the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium; a water supply system connected to the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium to supply water to the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium; a full-automatic control system for tracer adding connected to the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium to add a prepared tracer solution into the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium; a real-time wireless monitoring system of fluorescent tracer; and a central control system for controlling the full-automatic control system for tracer adding, the water supply system, the real-time wireless monitoring system of fluorescent tracer and the high-definition camera recording system to communicate with the central control system.

Abstract: A hydraulic fracturing flow simulation method includes identifying a discrete fracture network that partitions a reservoir into porous rock blocks. The method further includes determining a current network state that includes flow parameter values at discrete points arranged one-dimensionally along the fractures in said network. The method further includes constructing a set of linear equations for deriving a subsequent network state from the current state. The method further includes repeatedly solving the set of linear equations to obtain a sequence of subsequent network states, the sequence embodying a time-dependent spatial distribution of at least one flow parameter, said flow parameter comprising a proppant volume fraction. The method further includes displaying the time-dependent spatial distribution.

Abstract: A simulation method for flow field of multi-stage fracturing on horizontal well in tight oil reservoir is provided.

Abstract: A method for determining active constraint equations in a network of wells and surface facilities includes constructing at least one constraint equation for a connection in the network. Each constraint equation includes a respective slack variable and a respective slack variable multiplier. The method further includes constructing a base equation for the connection. The base equation includes the respective slack variable and another respective slack variable multiplier. The method further includes introducing a pseudo slack variable for another connection in the network such that a Schur complement, of a matrix of constraint and base equations dependent only on slack variable multipliers, is sparse. The method further includes solving for each respective slack variable using the Shur complement matrix. The method further includes adjusting a variable parameter of the network using results from solving for each respective slack variable.

Abstract: The selection of a candidate formation realization(s) from a plurality of formation realizations may be done with a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis taking into account petrophysical and geological properties. For example, a method may include applying a CART analysis to a plurality of formation realizations using a first formation property as a predictor in the CART analysis, wherein the plurality of formation realizations are for a second formation property and are based on at least one measured formation property, thereby yielding an association between the first and second properties for each of the plurality of formation realizations; analyzing a strength of the association for each of the plurality of formation realizations; and selecting a candidate formation realization from the plurality of formation realizations based on the strength of the association. The identified candidate formation realization(s) may then be used to develop the parameters of subsequent wellbore operations.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing the complexity of the reservoir simulation process is described. In more detail, an add-in for spreadsheet software program has been developed allowing a user to input minimal amount of information for a simulation, wherein the add-in exports the data as a file readable by any simulation software. Upon completion of the simulation, the add-in will retrieve the results and display them in an easy-to-interpret manner. Thus, the add-in makes the simulation process easier, robust, and user friendly.

Abstract: An illustrative hydraulic fracturing flow simulation system includes: a data acquisition module collecting measurements from a subterranean formation; a processing module implementing a hydraulic fracturing simulation method; and a visualization module that displays the time-dependent spatial distribution. The simulation method includes: deriving from the measurements a network of fractures having junctions where two or more fractures intersect; ordering a set of corner points associated with each junction; calculating a junction area from each set of corner points; determining a current state that includes flow parameter values at discrete points arranged along the fractures in said network; constructing a set of linear equations for deriving a subsequent state from the current state while accounting for said junction areas; and repeatedly solving the set of linear equations to obtain a sequence of subsequent states, the sequence embodying a time-dependent spatial distribution of at least one flow parameter.

Abstract: An illustrative domain-adaptive hydraulic fracturing simulator includes: a data acquisition module, a simulator module, and a visualization module. The data acquisition module acquires measurements of a subterranean formation undergoing a hydraulic fracturing operation. The simulator module provides a series of states for a model of the subterranean formation by: (a) constructing said model from the measurements, the model representing said current state throughout a modeled domain; (b) determining a core domain of influence within the modeled domain by identifying active fractures; (c) generating a linear set of equations to derive the subsequent state from the current state, the linear set of equations including fluid flow equations for the core domain of influence and excluding fluid flow equations for a region of the modeled domain outside the core domain of influence; and (d) deriving the subsequent state from the linear set of equations. The visualization module displays the series of states.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and corresponding system for generating a computer-aided design (CAD) model from a finite element mesh. The method of the invention begins with selecting one or more mesh-element-faces on a finite element mesh that represents a geometric object to be formed of one or more geometric faces. Next, from the one or more selected mesh-element-faces, respective geometric faces are generated. Finally, any generated geometric faces are stitched together to make a geometric shell of the geometric object that the finite element mesh represents.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment includes a system to determine which wells provide input volumes to gas processing plants using a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model. The system uses a balanced approach to model all plants and wells within a basin simultaneously. The model utilizes multiple publically available data sources including well production data, plant inlet data, and GIS data. The full implementation provides at minimum a tenfold time improvement over the previously used manual techniques while increasing overall model quality.

Abstract: Method and system for optimizing production from an oil and gas reservoir includes selecting a geocellular grid representing at least one property of the reservoir, defining a data range for the property that reflects uncertainty regarding which values may be used for the property, defining a first reservoir simulation model, simulating production from the reservoir with the model using the at least one property, comparing the output of the simulated production from the reservoir with a predetermined criteria based on historical data, and modifying the property to a different value within the data range for the property if the predetermined historical criteria is not met. These steps may be repeated for at least two values for the property within the data range. The above may be repeated for a second reservoir model and the outputs of the simulated production for the models may then be ranked according to predefined criteria.

Abstract: Well data is retrieved from a connected database for data analysis of well data. One or more Constraints are applied to the retrieved well data to determine if the retrieved well data includes low-quality or incorrect data. Upon determination of the presence of low-quality or incorrect data in the retrieved well data, the determination is reported. The low-quality or incorrect data is analyzed for quality control. The low-quality or incorrect data is remediated based on the quality control analysis.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided in a data processing system for minimizing uncertainty envelopes in trajectories of evolving ensemble members. The mechanism generates a trajectory forecast of each member object of an ensemble based on an initial state-space and a model for predicting trajectories of the member objects to generate a plurality of trajectory forecasts. Each of the plurality of trajectory forecasts has an individual uncertainty envelope. The mechanism applies a classification algorithm on the plurality of trajectory forecasts to identify at least one group of member objects having similar trajectory forecasts, generates a reduced ensemble of member objects including the identified group of member objects, and reconfigures the state-space and the model for predicting trajectories. The mechanism generates an updated trajectory forecast of each member object of the reduced ensemble based on the reconfigured state-space and the reconfigured model for predicting trajectories of the member objects.

Abstract: Systems and methods for mapping vertices from one coordinate system in an earth model to another coordinate system in a two-dimensional (2D) array without disrupting the topology of the vertices.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented in this disclosure for performing fast economic analysis of production by fracture-stimulated wells. A class of models can be defined by combining a simulated fracture geometry comprising a stimulated reservoir volume with accounting for fluid dynamics and phase transitions in the stimulated reservoir volume for modeling production in a plurality of reservoirs. An objective function related to the production in the plurality of reservoirs can be generated based on at least one model from the class of models. Parameters related to fracture stages of a fracture network can be then determined, based on the objective function, and communicated, via a computer network to a computing device, to be used for at least one of building or operating the fracture network in the reservoir.

Abstract: A method for modeling a subsurface reservoir system, the method including: generating, with a computer, a background mesh that does not honor at least one subsurface feature included in the subsurface reservoir system; splitting, with a computer, the background mesh along the subsurface feature included in the subsurface reservoir system such that a resulting mesh honors a geometry of the subsurface features; identifying, with a computer, element faces or edges where the resulting mesh is non-conforming and/or the element faces or edges lie on subsurface features; and performing a computer-based numerical simulation utilizing the resulting mesh to model at least one fluid-related or geomechanical reservoir response, wherein mass or traction balance is enforced on the identified element faces or edges.

Abstract: Methods, computing systems, and computer-readable media for multi-scale modeling. The method includes determining a first matrix for a plurality of fine cells of a model based at least in part on a physical property value represented by respective fine cells, identifying one or more overlapped cells of the plurality of fine cells that are part of at least two of the plurality of subdomains, and determining a second matrix. Determining the second matrix includes determining an intermediate product by multiplying the first matrix by a prolongation matrix, which includes predicting a row of zeros in the intermediate product for the plurality of fine cells that are not the one or more overlapped cells and are not part of the at least two of the plurality of subdomains that include the one or more overlapped cells. Determining the second matrix also includes multiplying the intermediate product by a restriction matrix.

Abstract: Systems and methods for simulating subterranean regions having multi-scale, complex fracture geometries. Non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture modeling formulations are applied in conjunction with commercial simulators to efficiently and accurately model subsurface characteristics in regions having complex hydraulic fractures, complex natural fractures, or a combination of both.

Abstract: A product may be stored in a protective container that is surrounded with a fluid. A heat-sensitivity rating for the product may be obtained, and a product energy for the product may be calculated. The calculating may include adjusting the longest dimension of the product based on the heat-sensitivity rating and defining a sphere of enthalpy around the product. The sphere's radius may be equal to the adjusted product dimension and the sphere may be centered at the product center. The calculating may also comprise multiplying the volume of the sphere by the air pressure inside the protective container. An environmental condition within the sphere during a first time period may be forecasted. It may be determined that the product is likely to deteriorate during the first time period based on the product energy and heat-sensitivity rating. The altitude of the protective container may be altered to mitigate this deterioration.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and program product utilize a probabilistic approach to identify areas of interest from multiple realizations of a reservoir model to drive well placement planning under uncertainty. A combined probability map may be generated from opportunity maps generated for multiple reservoir model realizations such that a probability value in various entries of the probability map represents a probability of opportunity values stored in corresponding entries of the opportunity maps meeting an opportunity criterion. One or more areas of interest may then be identified from the probability map.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a system and method for designing automated inflow control devices used in the extraction of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations. The system includes real-time data processing module configured to gather and process well data, the well data comprising logging while drilling data and user inputted data, and an intelligent field restriction module configured to generate one or more optimized inflow control device designs based on the well data gathered and processed by the real-time data processing module. The system further includes an inflow control design module configured to couple the one or more optimized inflow control device designs from the intelligent field restriction module with one or more scenarios to create a set of ranked optimized inflow control device designs, from which a user selects a preferred optimized inflow control device design based on well optimization goals defined in the user inputted data.

Abstract: A smart adjustment system is provided, which may include a cloud computing device and a data acquisition device. The cloud computing device may include a neural network model saving the model data of machine tools, and the estimated increase percentages of each machine tool in different cutting parameters. The data acquisition device may receive the model data of a target machine tool. The could computing device may compare the model data of the target machine tool with the model data of the machine tools via the neural network model in order to calculate an estimated cutting parameter with an estimated increase percentage and control the target machine tool to perform a machining process by the estimated cutting parameter.

Abstract: A method of performing a perforation operation is disclosed. The method involves generating a stress contrast distribution for each stage of a well based on drilling stress data and a stress log of the well, generating a stress association between the drilling stress data and the stress log, generating a new stress contrast distribution for each of the stages of a new well based on new wellsite data (new drilling stress data) and the stress association, generating a production forecast using the geometric completion (GC) design and a predicted production forecast based on the engineered completion (EC) design, comparing a cost of a new stress log of the new well with a change in revenue between the GC production forecast and the predicted production forecast, and selectively perforating the new well using either GC or EC design based on the comparing, whereby stress logging may be selectively performed.

Abstract: Methods are provided for tracking carbon dioxide (CO2) migration in a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir located under a cap rock in a formation. In one embodiment, at least one seismic source and a plurality of receivers are located in spaced boreholes in the formation with the sources and receivers located near or at the reservoir so that direct paths from the sources to the receivers extend through the reservoir. CO2 is injected from the borehole containing the seismic sources into the reservoir, and the sources are activated multiple times over days and seismic signals are detected at the receivers. From the detected signals, time-lapse travel delay of direct arrivals of the signals are found and are used to track CO2 in the reservoir as a function of time. In another embodiment, the sources and receivers are located above the reservoir, and reflected waves are utilized to track the CO2.

Abstract: Examples of techniques for geomechanical risk and hazard assessment and mitigation are disclosed. In one example implementation, a method may include generating, by a processor, a geomechanical model for a location for drilling a borehole; performing a risk assessment to identify at least one risk associated with drilling the borehole; updating, by the processor, the geomechanical model as a pre-drill updated geomechanical model by applying a mitigation solution to mitigate the at least one risk associated with drilling the borehole; generating, by the processor, a drilling plan for drilling the borehole based on the pre-drill geomechanical model; and drilling the borehole based on the drilling plan.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method of modeling a downhole drilling tool is disclosed. The method may include identifying a location for each of a plurality of cutlets associated with each of a plurality of cutting elements. The method may further include calculating a depth of cut for each cutlet based on the location of the cutlet and a three dimensional model of a borehole bottom. Additionally, the method may include generating a three dimensional model of a rock chip for each cutting element, in response to at least one depth of cut being greater than a critical depth of cut, each three dimensional model including a two dimensional model of a rock chip associated with each cutlet. The method may also include updating the three dimensional model of the borehole bottom by removing each three dimensional model of a rock chip.

Abstract: A support structure associated with a nacelle of a wind turbine, wherein the support structure includes a bearing having an outer ring and an inner ring is provided. The bearing is surrounded by a bearing housing and a bearing cover. The bearing cover is coupled to the bearing magnetically. In some embodiments, the bearing cover may be coupled to the outer ring of the bearing by bolting. The thickness of the outer ring of the bearing may be increased to accommodate one or more protrusions. The protrusions are composed of a magnetic material and configured to receive a bearing cover.

Abstract: A dataset is generated in a database using standardized paleo-fossil and sedimentary information. Analytical operations are executed on the generated dataset. A reservoir zone thickness of a stratigraphic zone is determined based on a result of the analytical operations, where the analytical operations determine a starting occurrence and an ending occurrence of a one or more particular paleo-fossils, and where the starting occurrence and ending occurrence is used to define boundaries of the stratigraphic zone and to determine the reservoir zone thickness. A fault and fracture analysis is performed based on a result of the analytical operations. In real-time, at least one action of a hydrocarbon recovery drill is controlled, where control of the at least one action is based upon geological datum and the determined reservoir zone thickness or predictions based on the result of the fault and fracture analysis.

Abstract: A method for determining a concentration of solid particles in a drilling fluid. The method comprises determining, based on a received dimension of a section of a fracture, a plurality of wirelines each having a diameter. For each wireline, the method determines if a solid particle or a part of a fluid is in the current wireline. If it is determined that a solid particle is in the wireline, then determining whether the current wireline is sealed. These steps are reiterated. The method further comprises determining a volume of injected fluid into the fracture and comparing the determined volume with a reference to determine if a fracturing criterion is met. If the fracturing criterion is met, it is possible to modify the current concentration of solid particles.

Abstract: A method and system are described to form a subsurface model for use in hydrocarbon operations. The method and system utilize stability proxies with the subsurface models, such as simulation models, and to manage the reservoir simulation.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for determining the temporal progression of a biological phenomenon which may affect a studied subject, the method including the steps of providing first data relative to biomarkers for the studied subject, the biomarkers being relative to the progression of the biological phenomenon, providing a numerical model, converting the first data into at least one point on the same Riemann manifold, and using a numerical model to determine a temporal progression for the biological phenomenon for the studied subject, the numerical model being a function in a Riemann manifold, the numerical model associating to values of biomarkers a temporal progression trajectory for the biological phenomenon and data relative to the dispersion of the progression trajectory for the biological phenomenon among a plurality of subjects, the numerical model being obtained by using a stochastic approximation in an expectation-maximization technique on data relative to biomarkers.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method for locally lumped equation of state fluid characterization can include determining a set of components for the material balance calculations for a plurality of grid blocks of a reservoir. The plurality of grid blocks can experience different recovery methods between them. Lumping schemes can be determined for the plurality of grid blocks. Phase behavior calculations can be performed on the plurality of grid blocks, wherein different lumping schemes can be used across the plurality of grid blocks.

Abstract: Computer system performance is improved during reservoir simulation runs where heterogeneous rock formations suffer from convergence problems. Convergence problems are affected by accurate determination of pressure distribution for reservoir simulation, which is very complex when properties or attributes of reservoir rock formations are heterogeneous. In heterogeneous reservoir rock formations, pressure distribution is affected over three dimensions by variations of rock permeability and porosity. The difficulty in convergence of the simulation runs results in increased computer operation and processing time and consequent computer usage costs. Improved determination of pressure distribution in heterogeneous rock formations permits acceptable initial pressure measures for pressure determination during reservoir simulation and to reduce convergence problems with existing reservoir simulation.

Abstract: A method can include receiving information associated with an oilfield service; analyzing at least a portion of the information based at least in part on an oilfield services database that includes individual data structures that characterize individual oilfield services; and, based at least in part on the analyzing, outputting at least one additional oilfield service as a recommended oilfield service.

Abstract: A daily gas production rate of a methane hydrate deposit is calculated based on inflow performance relationship formulas. Step 1 determines the production stage, including the gas production rate trend of a production test and selecting an inflow performance relationship formula corresponding to the stage. Step 2 calculates basic coefficient terms related to energy conversion in the inflow performance relationship formula. Step 3 obtains other coefficient terms related to production in the inflow performance relationship formula. Step 4 predicts the gas production rate under other production pressure differences. Staged inflow performance relationship formulas characterize the complex methane hydrate deposit production performance.

Abstract: A mineshaft-stratum fracture coupled flowing simulation experiment device includes a simulated mineshaft flowing system, a simulated stratum system, a simulated fracture system and a data acquisition system. The simulated mineshaft flowing system includes simulated mineshaft, simulated drilling rod, drilling fluid storage tank, stirring motor, and drilling fluid screw pump. The simulated drilling rod is located in center of the simulated mineshaft. The stirring motor is provided in the drilling fluid storage tank. The drilling fluid screw pump is connected to an inlet end of the simulated drilling rod through the drilling fluid storage tank. The simulated stratum system includes simulated stratum, clean water storage tank, separation tank, gas storage tank, gas air-compressor, and clean water screw pump. The gas storage tank is connected to the gas air-compressor and is connected to the simulated stratum through a gas pressure regulating valve.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for generating a reflectivity model for a subsurface area.

Abstract: A logging system includes an electromagnetic logging tool that collects measurements of a subterranean formation as the tool is conveyed along a borehole through the formation. The system further includes a processing system that: generates a first plurality of models of the formation based on at least one first measurement of the formation, the at least one first measurement collected by the tool at a first location of a plurality of locations located along a drilling axis; generates a second plurality of models of the formation based on at least one second measurement of the formation, the at least one second measurement collected by the tool at a second location of the plurality of locations, wherein the second location is adjacent the first location; and selects a model of the first plurality of models based on a spatial continuity of the model with respect to the second plurality of models.

Abstract: A system and method for drilling a wellbore with a drill rig by: rotating a drillstring and a drill bit with a drill rig drive system; applying a weight of the drillstring on the drill rig; measuring surface torque oscillations of the drill string via: determining a fundamental oscillation time period; select a time window based on the fundamental oscillation time period; collecting torque present value data of the drill string for the selected time window; determining an amplitude of torque oscillation from the collected torque present value data; determining a reference torque; and dividing the determined amplitude of torque oscillation by the determined reference torque to obtain a surface torque oscillation performance index, whereby the measurement of the surface torque oscillations of the drill string is a fractional value to indicate the magnitude and severity of surface torque fluctuations of the drilling string; and modifying a drilling parameter based on the surface torque oscillation performance in

Abstract: A method for exploring a geological formation estimates a multiple-inclusive source wavelet and a reflectivity model by performing an inversion minimizing the difference between the shot records and modeled shots. The modeled shots, that include primaries and multiples, are obtained by propagating up-going and down-going wavefields through an input velocity model, which is not updated during the inversion. The shot records are converted into a geological product suitable for hydrocarbon exploration in the geological formation using the multiple-inclusive source wavelet and the reflectivity model.