Abstract: When performing on-line shopping using the Internet, and when performing payment settlement for a product by a credit card, user's card data runs over the Internet, leaving the possibility of card data leakage, thereby causing a security problem. The user decides the product he or she wants to buy via a computer network (Internet) from a user system. Then, a transmission unit calls up a service center to send order data including the credit card data via a settlement network. Service center invoices the sales price to an approval center based on the order data. Approval center pays the price to service center. Then, service center sends the order data to the shopping system. A delivery processing unit then delivers the product to the user based on the order data.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for performing centralized billing for transactions conducted by a user on a terminal (101) connected on an Intranet (103) with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) (115) connected to the Internet (104). A Firewall Gateway (105) interconnects the Intranet and the Internet and removes the terminal's IP address from packets transmitted by the user's terminal to the ISP on the Internet. A Session Manager (116) stores in a database (117) the associations between the IP address of the user's terminal and the user's identity, and between the IP address and the Connection ID of the connection established between the Firewall Gateway and the ISP for an ongoing transaction between the user and the ISP. A Billing Platform (120) receives a signal indicating the cost of the transaction and the Connection ID associated with the transaction from the ISP.

Abstract: A method and related input/output devices for using biased 2 digit "hybrid radix" numeric fields for inputting, generating, storing, processing, and outputting year numbers ranging from 1900 to 2059 in a data processing system. In a hybrid radix 2 digit year number, the higher digit is treated as hexadecimal, but displayed in a decimal-like style with font patterns such as 0-9 and '0-'5, while the lower digit is treated as ordinary decimal, so that the year 1900 is represented and processed as 00 while the year 2000 as '00. For applications written with high level languages such as COBOL and SQL, the method can be embodied solely in the system side (compiler, other system software and/or hardware), and so that no change other than a re-compilation with a new compiler is needed for existing application software. Compatibility with existing data files and databases is automatically maintained.