Abstract: An improved method for delivery and playback of sound and image files is provided as exemplary embodiments. This method may include the use of sound and/or image clips, which can be snippets or full files, as alerts for a variety of electronic devices or for playing on a handheld device, and for use as a promotion to sell items associated with the files. A collection or library of uniquely selected and/or edited clips may also be provided to the consumer in a manner far more conveniently on conventional telephone equipment than previously available. Exemplary embodiments may provide algorithms for the delivery, storage and playback of the sound files, including a delivery method algorithm, and preferably a parametric optimization and compression algorithm, and an error correction algorithm.

Abstract: A subscription system allows a customer to establish a subscription to a product with one or more retailers (e.g., by establishing the subscription through a controller or central system). In one embodiment, a subscription may be established after receiving information that identifies a product. Terms of a subscription for the product are established, such as a frequency and a duration of the subscription.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and system for determining resource usage of a tenant in a multi-tenant architecture. The method includes the steps of: recording, within predetermined time intervals, total consumption of each resource in each predetermined time interval; obtaining total times of calling each operation by each tenant in each predetermined time interval; calculating consumption of each resource during each operation based on the total times and the total consumption obtained within the period of time; and calculating usage of each resource by each tenant within the period of time based on the calculated consumption of each resource during each operation and the total times of calling each operation of each tenant in each predetermined time interval. The system includes apparatus for performing the above method.

Abstract: Described is a technology by which a computing device is booted into a normal mode of operation or a limited mode of operation, depending on whether the computing device was operating correctly (e.g., with respect to policy) prior to a reboot. The reboot may be forced. Examples of incorrect state include an overdue payment on a leased computer, or improper execution of certain important software. A metering mechanism evaluates the state of the computing device, and when an incorrect state is detected, configures the computing device for operation in the limited mode, by setting the computing device to boot via one boot path (e.g., a limited-mode BIOS) instead of another boot path (e.g., a normal-mode BIOS). A BIOS selector switches to the limited BIOS on the next reboot, wherein the computing device is restricted to the limited mode of operation (regardless of subsequent reboots) until the correct state is restored.

Abstract: A reverse rating system determines the duration for which a phone call or other transaction may continue, given an account balance on a pre-paid customer account. The duration may take into consideration multiple time bands, applicable discounts, rating plans and other characteristics of the customer account and telecommunications service. The telecommunications service provider may employ the duration information to determine when to disconnect an ongoing transaction. As a result, the telecommunications service provider avoids substantial revenue loses from continuing to allow a pre-paid customer to continue their transaction longer than their account balance will support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exercise facility including a compact exercise booth for an individual to be erected in public areas, the exercise booth including an exterior wall, equipment for performing exercises coupled to the wall, means for collecting payment for use of the booth during a pre-set period of time, and a timer inside the booth for determining time a person is inside the booth. There is further provided according to the invention, a method for providing exercise services, the method including providing an exercise facility, the exercise facility including an exercise booth equipment for performing exercises coupled to the wall, and a timer inside the booth for determining time a person is inside the booth, erecting the exercise facility in the vicinity of a waiting area, and providing means for collecting payment for use of the booth during a pre-set period of time.

Abstract: A parking payment system is provided that includes a computing system that includes one or more components configured to maintain information related to a plurality of parking spaces, at least one of the parking spaces being associated with an identifier, the component further configured to communicate with a mobile device to arrange to for payment of at least one of the parking spaces.

Abstract: A device for wireless telecommunications is provided that includes a display, a processor, and a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI having a parking aspect displayable on the display such that responsive to a user of the device selecting the parking aspect, the processor is programmed to enable identifying a parking space, and further enabled to receive information regarding parking in the parking space, responsive to the user selecting to pay a fee to park in the parking space, promoting arranging for payment of a parking fee.

Abstract: Content is generated on a host system based on real-time data from a controlled process collected over the internet from a customer's client machine tool control system. The client system may request content from a host website. Instructions associated with the requested content, which may be in the form of an application to be run on the client, is delivered to the client via download over the internet. The client gathers real-time data associated with a controlled process and transmits it to the host, where content based on the data can be generated for the client and/or its owner. Data gathered by the host, and content generated on the basis of the data, may be made accessible to machine tool manufacturers. Also, data received by the host is associated with an identifier defined for each client system. A historical database for given client equipment can thereby be created.

Abstract: A cloud management system can track the usage of the virtual machines in order to determine the fees associated with the user's subscription to the cloud computing environment. The usage can include the resources consumed to support the virtual machines and can include the utilization of the virtual machines by the user or third parties. The cloud management system can determine the fees charged to the user for utilizing the cloud computing environment based on the tracked usage.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus that charges a user for executing a predetermined image process holds charging information in a storage device, charges a user for executing the predetermined image process based on charging information held in the storage device. When the charging information held in the storage device is updated, the image processing apparatus determines whether to permit the update of the charging information based on an operated state of the image processing apparatus by the user, and according to the result of determination, the image processing apparatus is controlled so that the charging information is updated if the update of the charging information is permitted, and is controlled so that the charging information is not updated if the update of the charging information is not permitted.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are presented for facilitating account-based transactions. In an embodiment, the method includes associating a first person with an account, associating a second person with the account, receiving a request from a third party to authorize a transaction between the second person and the third party, determining a first communication address of the first party, and contacting the first party. The process also includes determining that the first person desires to communicate with the second person, determining a second communication address of the second person, initiating a communication between the first person and the second person, and receiving a signal from the first person that authorizes the transaction or declines the transaction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to connect people for services delivered via real time communications and to optionally generate leads to new customers for the services. One embodiment includes: providing a communication reference to an entity for distribution to customers; establishing connections for real time communications between the entity and the customers in response to requests made via the communication reference; charging the customers on behalf of the entity using a process to establish the connections for a service of the entity provided to the customers over the connections; presenting the service of the entity to customers on behalf of the entity; charging the entity a first fee according to what the entity charges a customer for the service; and charging the entity a second fee according to a bid price specified by the entity in response to a determination that the presenting of the service leads to the customer.

Abstract: A method and system helps users capture billable time spent in writing an email and related tasks. A software program is provided that is integrated with an existing email program. The program tracks user time spent on each email and associates billing information with the spent time for use in a billing program.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present subject matter includes a system that includes a battery, an electric vehicle, the battery coupled to the electric vehicle to propel the electric vehicle, and a charging circuit to charge the battery. The embodiment includes a charging cost circuit to estimate a charging cost rate and to turn on the charging circuit. The embodiment also includes a timer circuit to provide a time signal to the charging cost circuit. The embodiment is configured such that the charging cost circuit is to turn on the charging circuit during a first time period in which the charging cost rate is below a first threshold until the battery reaches a first energy stored level, and to turn on the charging circuit during a second time period in which the charging cost rate is above the first threshold.

Abstract: A method for assessing fees for parking is disclosed. The method includes determining the length of a vehicle and assessing a parking fee based upon that vehicle length. The disclosed method may also include marking at least a portion of the selected parking area in increments of length or marking the length of a vehicle on that vehicle. Embodiments of the method are also disclosed that include calculating the parking fee so that a longer vehicle is charged more than a shorter vehicle for parking in the selected parking area. Other embodiments of the disclosed method include calculating the parking fee based on different length ranges that include at least a first length range and a second length range. The first length range has lengths that are shorter than lengths in the second length range. The parking fee is based on which length range the length of the vehicle falls within.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a meter uniquely associated with a physical location are provided. The method includes monitoring a communication channel for a message from a remote device and identifying an initial message directed to the meter uniquely associated with the physical location, establishing a communication session with a data manager in response to the initial message from the remote device, receiving configuration information from the data manager, the configuration information associated with operation of the meter and uniquely associated with the physical location of the meter, and transmitting meter operating data to the data manager, wherein the meter is self-powered.

Abstract: A system, a method, and a service that monitors the time a space is occupied. The time period for occupation of the space may be prepaid or the fees may accumulate while the space is occupied. The system detects when an occupant enters the space and starts a timer. The system further provides a user interface whereby a user may prepay for an allotted period of time or may accumulate time in the space and then be billed later. Identifying information about the occupant may be acquired by an imaging device. The imaging device may further poll the space to determine if and when the occupant departs from the space. Identifying information may also be acquired through a user interface in which a user may enter identifying information, such as a credit card, a license number, a VIN, a driver's license, etc. The fact that the space has been occupied, the identifying information, and any prepaid amounts are transmitted via a communication device to a control station.

Abstract: Prepaid services include offering a plurality of services. An account is configured to track usages of the plurality of services as well as associating a plurality of recurring balances with the account, wherein each balance is associated with a respective service of the plurality of services. It is possible to deduct an amount associated with providing a particular service for a period of time from the recurring balance associated therewith.

Abstract: A parking area entrance or exit barrier includes a control system which receives inputs from various accessories associated with the operation of the barrier, and which provides control signals to the various accessories of the barrier. One of the accessories includes a sensor attached to the barrier. The sensor senses an accident event, such as contact between the barrier and a vehicle. Whenever an accident event is sensed, the control system creates an accident event log of information concerning the accident event. The accident event log may include video images of the barrier, a position of the barrier, a movement direction and speed of the barrier, and an approximated speed of the vehicle. The control system may also monitor a performance of the various accessories of the barrier and create a performance log relating to any malfunction of the accessories.

Abstract: A heating unit (2) for heating a patio (4), which heating unit (2) comprises a heater portion (8) which provides heat for the patio (4) by burning gas from a gas container (6), and a meter (10), and the heating unit (2) being such that the meter (10) is a token-operated or coin-operated meter which allows the passage of gas from the gas container (6) to the heater portion (8) on receipt of at least one token (12) or coin, and the passage of the gas is only for a predetermined time period after which at least one further token (12) or coin is required for allowing the passage of more of the gas for a further predetermined time period.

Abstract: Communication networks and associated methods are disclosed that provide charging for long duration sessions. A charging data system of the communication network receives interim accounting request messages from a network element that is serving a session. The charging data system identifies interim timestamps for the interim accounting request messages, and stores the interim timestamps. After a time period during the long duration session, the charging data system generates a partial CDR. The charging data system then inserts duration information for the long duration session in the partial CDR based on the stored interim timestamps, and transmits the partial CDR to a correlation system. The correlation system may then calculate a total duration for the session based on the duration information in the partial CDR. Even if a start/stop timestamp is not available, the correlation system may estimate the total duration of the session based on the interim timestamps.

Abstract: A parking system comprises an Internet-accessible Web server storing substantially real-time parking data associated with occupancy of a plurality of parking spaces and a plurality of detectors at a parking lot communicating with the Web server. The plurality of detectors collects substantially real-time parking occupancy data for a plurality of parking spaces at the parking lot. Each of the plurality of detectors includes a wireless communications device for transmitting said substantially real-time parking occupancy data to said Web server and one of a position detector, a motion detector, a weight detector, or a video camera to ascertain whether a parking space is occupied. The parking data is capable of being rendered by a display device running a browser application. The Web server transmits the parking data in response to a request sent from the browser application.

Abstract: A tool, network and method of asset data updating is provided. The tool comprises: a portable computing device capable of wirelessly receiving a GPS location and updating of asset data including, among other things, asset condition and/or GPS location. The tool may also comprise knowledge based software capable of time tracking, work order management and billing. The knowledge based software may be provided alone or in combination with the asset updating. A network capable of wirelessly communicating with the tool is discloses as is a method of using the tool.

Abstract: An electronic parking control device for displaying a parking time of vehicles should be easy to operate. This is achieved by a mobile electronic display device (10) which can be positioned in the vehicle and which is configured chargeable my means of a charging device (11) by electronic signals which correspond to parking time units.

Abstract: A method provides access to, and time for, using a network associated with a commercial establishment through a proxy server. The method enables access to the proxy server within a selected physical area adjacent to the commercial establishment; establishing data communication between a cash register within the commercial establishment and the proxy server; and enabling network access for a given time duration related to a commercial transaction between the customer and the commercial establishment. The transaction my include trade dealing in cash, airline miles or other point based system, certificates, coupons and any other trade related instrument.

Abstract: A method for producing a timestamped series of price data of a financial instrument from its prices. The timestamped series includes a timestamp associated with each price. Each timestamp has a timestamp precision of one millisecond or less and a timestamp accuracy equal to or shorter than the timestamp precision. At least one timestamping processor is provided to receive the prices. The internal clock of each timestamping processor is synchronized to a universal time with a time precision and accuracy equal to or shorter than half of the timestamp precision. Each price is applied to a timestamping processor with a predetermined time delay after quotation. Each time delay has a time delay precision and accuracy equal to or shorter than half of the timestamp precision. The timestamp is determined for each applied price based on the corresponding delay time and internal time when the price is applied.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of processing information associated with off-line billed communications in a communications network. The method includes providing at least one charging data record to a rating engine. The charging data record(s) include information associated with at least one off-line communication and are provided in response to receiving the charging data record(s). The rating engine determines costs of the off-line communication(s) at a time determined based on at least one time control category associated with the charging data record(s). The method also includes modifying the charging data record(s) to include information indicative of the cost(s) of the off-line communication(s) determined by the rating engine.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for monitoring and regulating public street parking using RF and RFID technology including: tracking expired parking tickets and illegally parked vehicles and identifying parked vehicles using parking ticket from another location. The apparatus includes a central server coupled to parking enforcement, EDI, one or more kiosks, and a plurality of portable or mobile RFID transceivers. Each kiosk includes a controller, RFID transceiver, printer, card reader, cash acceptor, camera, connection to sensor LAN, connection to RFID transceiver LAN, connection to EDI, connection to central server, cash return mechanism, and parking violation mechanism. The apparatus uses a plurality of RFID parking tickets, with each ticket having a unique RFID tag or chip. Users acquire and pay for the RFID parking tickets using the kiosks and place the RFID tickets on their cars while parked.

Abstract: A pay-per-use or metered-use computer uses a balance manager to monitor usage and update a value balance according to a first usage schedule when the computer is in active use. When the activity level of the computer is reduced below a threshold, the balance manager may update the value balance according to a second usage schedule. Activity level of the computer is determined by monitoring the activity level of a one or more components of the computer including input devices, communication controllers, and the processing unit. Rules can be applied to determine when to switch between usage schedules and if credits to the value balance should be made.

Abstract: A pay-per-use business model relies on an accurate, or at least, un-tampered, time reference for the administration of prepaid usage time, e.g. hours, or subscription expiration dates. A protocol for provisioning usage requires that any electronic device request for provisioning includes current time at the device. A server responding to the request may evaluate the time at the device and send an updated time when the current time at the device is outside a variance limit. If the electronic device repeatedly sends requests with inaccurate time, the server may cease sending time updates and block the electronic device from further updates for suspected tampering.

Abstract: The invention issued is a generalized application virtualization method for business use on the web and the mini server, including: (1) Initializing (which includes obtaining parameters, reading configuration file, and initializing a DDE service), application monitoring, registration and login. (2) Accessing to a server via Access Protocol from a client-side SOD controller (aka SOD client controller, or SOD controller). (3) Content selecting via keyword search, with the selected contents provided by the Content Management Protocol. (4) Choosing one of the available application virtualization methods according to bandwidth needed by the user and the resources consumed in the data center. (5) Binding of the executable software for the application virtualization method and the contents selected, and running of that executable software. (6) Metering and billing: Meter the start and end time of the execution of application virtualization method and calculate the billing.

Abstract: A parked vehicle location system including a plurality of detectors, where each detector is operative to detect whether or not a vehicle is present in at least one of a plurality of parking spaces, and provide a notification characterizing the detection, and parking status apparatus operative to receive a plurality of the notifications from the detectors, record the notifications in a data store, and identify any of the parking spaces for which a notification was received indicating the presence of a vehicle and for which no subsequent notification was received indicating the absence of a vehicle.

Abstract: A parking violation recording system capable of recording violations based on the location of a violating vehicle, is provided. The system includes at least one camera located on a mass transit vehicle, oriented so that it is capable of viewing a violating vehicle and recording an image containing violating vehicle information of the violating vehicle; at least one locator provided on said mass transit vehicle and capable of providing data for determining the geographic position of the mass transit vehicle; and a data processing sub-system, coupled to the at least on camera and the at least one locator for recording both the violating vehicle information and the geographic data in a violation data record. In another aspect, the invention is directed to a method of enforcing bus zone regulations.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention a degradation drum comprises a generally cylindrical body comprising inner and outer diameters. At least one degradation assembly is disposed on the outer diameter and it comprises a holder and a pick shank secured within a bore of the holder. At least one lubricant reservoir is disposed within the inner diameter and is in fluid communication with the bore of the holder through a fluid pathway. In some embodiments, the lubricant reservoir maintains a fluid pressure on the pick shank.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems to manage parking meters using mechanical, electrical and electromechanicals monitoring and transmitting devices. Such intelligent parking meters may be used for example to monitor pollution by idling vehicles, survey the area about the meters to identify events such as vandalism, accident or any other designated emergency situation, and to monitor volume and flow of traffic to help coordinate traffic light sequencing for facilitating optimum traffic movement. The meters may be coin, bill or card operated and are useful for monitoring individual parking spaces designed to monitor conditions ambient to the parking meter and issue summons to vehicles violating the preset requirements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a parking system having a parking meter in close proximity to a corresponding parking bay in which a user's vehicle is able to be parked. A payment receiving means is further provided for receiving payment and thereafter establishing a parking period in which the vehicle is able to be legitimately parked in the bay. There is provided a communication means for sending a message to the user's mobile phone prior to the expiry of the parking period. The message alerts the user that the parking period will soon expire and that the user must either move the vehicle before the expiry of the parking period or make an additional payment, if allowable, to remain legitimately parked.

Abstract: A weight estimating system for estimating the weight of a mailpiece and a postage metering system including such a weight estimating system. The weight estimating system includes a measuring system, a diverter mechanism and a microprocessor system. The measuring system includes a transport, a first plurality of detectors for measuring the dimensions of the mailpiece and a second plurality of detectors for measuring values of other characteristics of the mailpiece which are indicative of the presence of non-paper materials in the mailpiece as the mailpiece is transported. The microprocessor is responsive to the second detectors to determine if non-paper materials are included in the mailpiece and, if not, determines the volume from the dimensional measurements and estimates the weight as the product of the volume and a density for paper output an appropriate postage amount to the meter and the mailpiece to the printer.

Abstract: A parking area entrance or exit barrier includes a control system which receives inputs from various accessories associated with the operation of the barrier, and which provides control signals to the various accessories of the barrier. One of the accessories includes a sensor attached to the barrier. The sensor senses an accident event, such as contact between the barrier and a vehicle. Whenever an accident event is sensed, the control system creates an accident event log of information concerning the accident event. The accident event log may include video images of the barrier, a position of the barrier, a movement direction and speed of the barrier, and an approximated speed of the vehicle. The control system may also monitor a performance of the various accessories of the barrier and create a performance log relating to any malfunction of the accessories.

Abstract: A method of controlling vehicles parked in a parking system. A user sends a user-specific code to a parking system computer via a mobile telephone system when beginning and terminating a parking period. The identity of the parking zone concerned is sent to the computer, in which a vehicle-specific code is stored and is tied to the user-specific code. A parking attendant uses a control unit for wirelessly fetching information concerning vehicles that have commenced but not terminated a parking period in the zone concerned. The control unit sends to a telephone coupled to the computer a voice message from the parking attendant that includes a vehicle registration number. The computer compares that registration number with the registration numbers of logged-in vehicles and sends to the control unit a voice message repeating the registration number and including information as to whether the vehicle is logged-in.

Abstract: A proximity service unit for providing at least one predetermined service for use with multiple types of wireless devices. The proximity service unit includes a multiple channel wireless transceiver, a proximity unit validation assembly, and a legacy activation unit. The multiple channel wireless transceiver receives at least two signal types, such as infrared region signals, 900 MHz region signals, 1.8 GHz region signals, and 2.4 GHz region signals. The multiple channel wireless transceiver receives a request authorization code from each of a plurality of respective wireless devices such that the plurality of wireless devices communicate simultaneously with the multiple channel wireless transceiver without air time. The proximity unit validation assembly communicates with the multiple channel wireless transceiver and receives and validates the plurality of request authorization codes received by the multiple channel wireless transceiver.

Abstract: An apparatus for calculating a cost of receiving multicast data from a multicast session. A multicast network includes at least one multicast service, each multicast service including at least one multicast session. The apparatus receives a request to establish a connection to the multicast session, stores a start time for the connection and an end time for the connection and, after termination of the connection, calculates the cost of receiving the multicast data The apparatus can receive a subsequent request to extend the connection, the subsequent request specifying a new end time for the connection, and store the new end time for the connection. Alternatively, the apparatus can receive a subsequent request to terminate the connection, the subsequent request specifying a new end time that precedes the end time for the connection, and store the new end time for the connection.

Abstract: A parking system includes an internet-accessible Web server storing substantially real-time parking data associated with occupancy of a plurality of parking spaces. The parking data can be rendered by a display device running a browser application. The Web server transmits the parking data in response to a request sent from the browser application. The Web server communicates with at least one of a detector and a parking terminal configured to collect and transmit parking data.

Abstract: A system and method for accessing the internet on a per-time basis, through an Internet service provider (ISP), includes an access station. Application software is provided to an electronic terminal, from which Internet access may be attempted. Upon initiation of the application, the access station is dialed, and a number of processing steps serve as a precondition to permitting the electronic terminal to access the Internet through the Internet service provider. In particular, upon an initial attempt to access the Internet, the access station sets up an account in which the telephone number from which access is attempted is utilized for subsequent billing purposes. The access station further determines whether the telephone number from which access is desired is within an acceptable network, is associated with an undesirable credit risk, and is a valid telephone number.

Abstract: A parking system is disclosed which includes a parking meter (10) which has a transceiver (12) and (14) for transmitting and receiving information and which in one embodiment may comprise an over the air telephone, fixed land line telephone or the like. The transmitter receiver (12, 14) communicates with a host central station (50) for receiving and transmitting information. In order to park at the meter a user telephones a telephone number associated with the parking meter and connects with the host station (50). Commands are input into the user's telephone to provide an indication of the amount of parking time required and payment for the parking time and information is downloaded from the station (50) to the parking meter (10) to indicate that parking has been paid for and the parking meter should activate to indicate that parking has been paid for.

Abstract: A parking citation (144) is disclosed, in relation to a vehicle (136) parked during a first time period in a parking space (108) associated with a parking meter (104), said citation comprising parking citation data (510) for the vehicle (136), and an automatically derived operational status (516) for the parking meter (104) during a time period in which a payment in respect of the first period could have been made, the operational status (516) on the citation (144) establishing whether the parking meter (104) was operative during the first time period. A method and a system for issuing the citation are also disclosed.

Abstract: In order to create a parking meter (100) with an input device for means of payment and with an indicating device for indicating a paid parking time as well as with a central control device (6) which makes possible an exact debit of the parking time effectively used, it is proposed that a return device is provided for the return payment of an amount of money corresponding to the non used parking time. Furthermore, a corresponding method is indicated.

Abstract: The networked metered parking system of the present invention uses a database distributed over a plurality of parking payment terminals (hereinafter referred to as standalones), which provides a low lag time, high redundancy, wide area network with point-to-point communication, standalones and portable terminals aid in the use, payment, maintenance, enforcement, management, and continuous auditing of the metered parking system of the present invention.

Abstract: A Smart Parking Meter System makes it possible to track whether or not a vehicle occupies parking meter stalls and whether or not the time has expired. The system uses a wireless communication protocol which may be of the type known under the trade mark “Bluetooth” and provides the portability of embedded systems and the convenience of personal digital assistants with the powers of the C and Java programming languages. There are two main components to the Smart Parking Meter System, the handheld device, or the PDA, and the actual parking meters. Each device has the Smart Parking Meter System application installed in it, as well as the wireless modules, such as Bluetooth to use as a communication medium. The parking meters also have a motion sensor to detect any movement within it view range. The handheld device is able to extract all the parking states for each parking meter within a block or street depending on user configuration of system.

Abstract: A video camera mounted on a parking enforcement patrol vehicle and connected to a computer near the operator. The system is driven along a patrol route where parked vehicles are governed by a posted time limit. The system enforces the local parking regulation by automatically determining whether or not each parked car has been parked longer than the posted time limit. Violations are detected by applying a License Plate Recognition algorithm to the images. Each license plate number is time-tagged, geo-referenced and entered into a local database. When the patrol vehicle re-traces the patrol route after the posted parking time limit has expired, the database is searched to flag vehicles that were observed at the same location during the previous circuit and therefore in violation of the parking regulations. When the system detects a parking violation, it prints a parking citation that the operator affixes to the offending parked vehicle.