Abstract: An information processing apparatus configured to perform cryptographic processing in response to a request from a server transmitting encrypted information to control an integrated circuit chip includes a managing unit managing types of the cryptographic processing granted in accordance with requests; and an output unit performing predetermined cryptographic processing requested from a predetermined server succeeding in authentication, when the requested predetermined cryptographic processing has a granted type managed by the managing unit, to supply information concerning the processing result to the predetermined server as information to be transmitted to the integrated circuit chip to be controlled.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to transaction processing systems and methodologies that allows update transactions to read stale data copies and update a data store therewith. Each transactional operation, including a read, can carry or be associated with one or more freshness constraints or tests that specify how fresh a data copy must be in order to be read. More specifically, the subject invention provides systems and methods that extend transactions and serializability to account for out-of-date reads that are justified by freshness requirements.