Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating organic waste sludge such as sewage sludge is disclosed wherein the sludge is first dewatered, moved to a day hopper for storage, and then successively passed through first and second reactors. As the sludge is passed through the first reactor, in a continuous fashion, the sludge and acid are thoroughly mixed and has the pH thereof substantially lowered due to the addition of acid in the first reactor. The sludge is then moved through the second reactor where the sludge is subjected to a base material to substantially raise the pH thereof. The treated sludge is then pumped from the second reactor to a pugmill and then to a dryer which dries the material. The dried material is then suitable for use as a fertilizer.

Abstract: A process for conversion of organic wastes into biofertilizers such as soil conditioning agents of fertilizer grade, culture grade and soil grade is provided. Also provided is a process for conversion of organic wastes into material for converting waste water into reusable water. The invention provides methods for conversion of organic solid wastes to biofertilizers and reusable water in the presence of a geophagus earthworm Pheretima elongata culure to produce a variety of valuable soil conditioning products and reusable water.

Abstract: A method for chemically recycling organic garbage, materials made of the organic garbage and a recycling device used therefor, which comprises of mixing hydroxide (A) having a property of saponifying fats and oils into organic garbage to obtain a decreased gelled mixture (C) by vaporizing water through reaction heat, mixing a given additive (D) into the gelled mixture (C), and step of manufacturing materials (F).

Abstract: The subject invention provides methods for producing homogenous organic base fertilizer for plant nutrition and soil fertility. Also provided by the subject invention are value added fertilizer products for plant nutrition and soil fertility and concentrated liquid formulations/nutrient supplements that provide the value added nutrients to fertilizer products. Methods according to the invention involve the application of concentrated liquid(s) and/or dry formulation(s) comprising a mixture of one or more plant nutrient(s), one or more additional organic compound(s), one or more penetrate(s), and one or more optional supplement(s) into one or more organic base material(s). These organic base materials include, and are not limited to, biosolids, activated sludge, municipal compost, animal manures (e.g., horse, cow, chicken, pig, and sheep), and composted organic byproducts.

Abstract: A calcium-enriched organic fertilizer for acid soil and/or a magnesium-enriched organic fertilizer for field products and/or a silica-enriched organic fertilizer for paddy field products, and its manufacturing method. The method includes elimination of saline matters harmful to the soil and plants/animals from organic waste including food waste, adding quick lime and/or dolomite for hydration, and introducing a drying exhaust gas having a high CO2 content generated from the factory, an exhaust gas from a line calcining kiln, or an out sourced CO2 gas into a heretically sealed mixer, aging tank and hydration tank in the reverse order to cause a carbonation reaction between CO2 and the dissociated ions of the additives to make the organic waste in a weak alkaline state, and adding a siliceous material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of disinfecting and stabilizing organic wastes wherein organic waste is intimately mixed with one or more mineral by-products to produce a mixture having a pH of less than about 9. The mixture is heated and dried to produce a stable, granular bio-mineral product that may be used for example, as a fertilizer, soil amendment or as a soil substitute. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the heat for heating and/or drying the mixture is provided by residual heat in at least one of the one or more mineral by-products. Also provided are stable, granular bio-mineral products formed by the methods of the present invention and fertilizers, soil amendments, and soil substitutes that include these stable, granular bio-mineral products. Further provided are systems for disinfecting and stabilizing organic waste, and systems for making a stable, granular bio-mineral product.

Abstract: A method of disinfecting and stabilizing organic wastes where organic waste is intimately mixed with one or more mineral by-products to produce a mixture having a pH of less than about 9. The mixture is heated and dried to produce a stable, granular bio-mineral product that may be used for example, as a fertilizer, soil amendment or as a soil substitute. Also provided are stable, granular bio-mineral products formed by the methods of the present invention and fertilizers, soil amendments, and soil substitutes that include these stable, granular bio-mineral products. Further provided are systems for disinfecting and stabilizing organic waste, and systems for making a stable, granular bio-mineral product.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a method for recycling the packaging crates or cartons in which fruits and vegetables are normally shipped, together with any spoiled or rotten fruits, vegetables, meats and the like into reusable compost by first shredding or grinding the packaging material and thereafter combining such shredded packaging material with the organic waste, e.g. rotten fruits and/or vegetables and the like, which are also shredded to form a homogeneous mixture of a predetermined ratio, and conveying the same to a decomposition chamber where the mixture is further treated and aerated with recirculating air to decompose into a reusable compost.

Abstract: The soil modifier includes a porous material obtained by dry distillation of refuse-derived fuel to pioneer a cheap way for effectively utilizing the refuse, thereby enabling the environment to be improved by modification of soil while promoting environment preserving disposal of the refuse. The porous material includes carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc.

Abstract: Integrated waste treatment and fertilizer and feed supplement production methods to be implemented at organic waste source sites, at remote treatment sites, or partially at the organic waste source site and at a remote location, whether in small or large scale operations. The methods are suitable for retrofitting existing organic waste sources and for treating the organic waste generated by a single source or by a plurality of sources.

Abstract: A garbage treatment apparatus of the type which includes a cylindrical container formed to store an amount of porous inorganic balls containing microorganism effective for decomposition of garbage and to store an amount of garbage to be treated, a rotation shaft vertically mounted for rotary movement in a central portion of the container, a driving mechanism mounted on the container for driving the rotation shaft, a screw propeller assembly mounted to a lower portion of the rotation shaft for rotation therewith to feed downward the inorganic balls and garbage stored in the container, a flow adjustment plate in the form of a truncated conical plate mounted within a bottom portion of the container concentrically with the rotation shaft and placed in an upwardly expanded condition, and a rotary disk horizontally mounted to a lower end of the rotation shaft for rotation therewith and placed under the propeller assembly, the rotary disk being coupled with the flow adjustment plate to close a lower end opening of t

Abstract: The present invention provides biological fertilizer compositions that comprise yeast cells and garbage. The yeast cells of the invention have an enhanced ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, decompose phosphorus minerals and compounds, decompose potassium minerals and compounds, decompose complex carbon compounds, overproduce growth factors, overproduce ATP, decompose undesirable chemicals, suppress growth of pathogenic microorganisms, or reduce undesirable odor. The biological fertilizer composition of the invention can replace mineral fertilizers in supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to crop plants. Methods of manufacturing biological fertilizer compositions, and methods of uses are also encompassed.

Abstract: Integrated waste treatment and fertilizer and feed supplement production methods to be implemented at organic waste source sites, at remote treatment sites, or partially at the organic waste source site and at a remote location, whether in small or large scale operations. The methods are suitable for retrofitting existing organic waste sources and for treating the organic waste generated by a single source or by a plurality of sources.

Abstract: Integrated waste treatment and fertilizer and feed supplement production methods to be implemented at organic waste source sites, at remote treatment sites, or partially at the organic waste source site and at a remote location, whether in small or large scale operations. The methods are suitable for retrofitting existing organic waste sources and for treating the organic waste generated by a single source or by a plurality of sources.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composting accelerator for a plant-derived material, which accelerator comprises wheat bran and/or low-grade flour powder and an organic waste matter and/or organic fertilizer, and optionally a specific composting assistant; and a compost producing process comprising adding, to a plant-derived material, wheat bran and/or low-grade flour powder and an organic waste matter and/or organic fertilizer and optionally a specific fertilization assistant and carrying out composting.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing the fertilizer made from organic wastes such as food wastes, human excrements, animal excrements, slaugterhouse waste, henhouse waste, fish and shellfish wastes, vegetable wastes and agricultural wastes. Various wastes are mixed and crushed into certain sizes, processes for adjusting the water content, put into the treating tank and digested by mixing a calcined lime. The present invention utilizes a dolomite or mixture of calcined lime and dolomite to provide the first treatment material. This first treatment material is mixed with the supplement material such as charcoal, saw dust, loess, zoelite, chaff, or shell powder to give compost fertilizer. It is also mixed with agricultural products such a watermelons or melons which ferment to provide a special fertilizer for the agricultural product. The treatment material can be added to water and mixed with mugwort, medicinal herb, zeolite, loess, and then extracted to provide a liquid fertilizer.

Abstract: A method of recycling organic wastes in which organic wastes such as garbage from households, restaurants are recycled and utilized as a pro-ferment for other organic wastes such as feces and urine of domestic animals, pruned branches, bush, and lawn, which are generated at parks, river terraces, roads, and the like to utilize them as compost. In the organic waste recycling method according to the present invention, a pro-ferment, which is obtained by mixing a medium with an organic waste, is mixed with another organic waste to accelerate fermentation of the latter organic waste and produce compost. In the above method, the medium may be composed of dried coffee refuse, one of wheat bran and coconut fiber, and a ferment bacillus.

Abstract: A method of converting organic waste to a useful end product by aerobic thermophilic fermentation process within a short period of time, includes the steps of mixing the organic waste that naturally contains microorganisms with the porous material as a fermentation medium in a mixing digester to form a waste mixture, providing an external heat source to transfer heat into the waste mixture of the organic waste and the porous material, maintaining the waste mixture at a thermophilic temperature to create microbial symbiosis and mutualism reaction to proliferate and grow beneficial thermophilic microorganisms between the porous material and microorganisms that naturally present in the organic waste and allowing whereby the microbial reaction to accelerate the organic waste fermentation and decomposition speed and decompose the organic waste into the usefil end product within a short period of time.

Abstract: The instant process forms a pellet comprised of at least sixty percent composted sewer sludge, up to forty percent cellulosic plant material and up to fifteen percent nutrient materials and chemicals for soil enhancement and plant nutrition that provides a combination of both long and short term beneficiation of soil and herbage and has no pathogenic microbes above regulatory ranges. The composted sewer sludge comprises primary sewer sludge admixed with cellulosic plant material that is thermally treated at temperatures between 140 and 180 degrees F. during composting to destroy mesophyllic pathogenic microbes and the viability of reproducible botanicals including seeds, but leave most thermophilic soil enhancing microbes in a viable state. Additional fibrous cellulosic material and chemicals are admixed with the composted sewer sludge and the mixture pelletized in a thermal process that raises pellet temperature to between 140 to 180 degrees F.

Abstract: A recycling process for garbage containing a high proportion of paper where printed paper is first separated from the garbage. The garbage is then into pieces and light and heavy components are separated out in a classification tank. The remaining organic mass suspended in water is hydrolyzed and subjected to anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic co-composting. The resulting solid is a high grade fertilizer while biogas produced by the process is converted to electrical energy in a combined cycle installation.

Abstract: A waste material separating method and apparatus a number of sequential processes the separate paper, plastic, glass, wood, and metals from waste materials. Bulk materials are manually removed from conveyors. Screening machines separate fine from course materials. Fine organic materials are transported to a composting area or to a digester to generate gas used fuel to produce thermal energy. A shredder cuts the course materials which mixed and pressed into pellets.

Abstract: Solid waste management has been primarily based on collection of solid waste and placing most of it in a landfill. Present invention eliminates a need for large landfills by integrating collection and transportation of solid waste with separation, treatment, processing, recovery, and reuse of solid waste prior to landfill application. Since untreated organic waste is eliminated or significantly reduced from solid waste stream, present invention eliminates a need for daily cover and working front of landfills resulting in elimination of extensive leachate and gas management systems and associated potential groundwater and air pollution problems.

Abstract: A process for producing a fertilizer from an organic waste material is described which comprises treating a waste, having a water content of no more than 90% by weight and which has been alkalinized, with nitrogen dioxide or a precursor thereof in sufficient amount to reduce the pH by at least 2.0 pH units. The process produces an organic fertilizer in which the percentage by weight of nitrogen in the form of oxides of nitrogen is higher than percentage by weight of nitrogen in the form of ammonium ion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a waste sludge treatment process in which a solid additive is mixed into sludge to produce solid products. The solid additive includes aggregate-like hydrophobic grains of peat.

Abstract: Garbage resulting from the preparation, cooking and dispensing of food and containing water-insoluble organic components is treated first heated in the presence of water at a temperature of 100.degree.-400.degree. C. and a pressure higher than the saturated water vapor pressure to convert at least part of the water-insoluble components into water-soluble organic components and to obtain a mixture containing the water-soluble components dissolved in the water. The mixture is then subjected to methane fermentation to convert the water-soluble organic components into methane.

Abstract: A compost curing and odor control system in which biofilters are disposed in overlying relation to the compost curing area the floors of both the biofilters and curing area consist of a series of elongated planks of generally trapezoidal cross sectional configuration placed in abutting relation with the longer parallel sides of the trapezoid lying in the plane of the floor and forming between them a narrow slit through which air is passed by means of an underlying air plenum in pneumatic communication.

Abstract: A process for making organic slow release nitrogenous fertilizers from pyrolysis products obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass uses a chemical reaction to combine a nitrogen compound containing the --NH.sub.2 group with the pyrolysis products to form a mixture. The mixture is heated to form organic nitrogen compounds. Various sources of biomass can be used. The mixture can be heated to remove water and to cause polymerization and solidification to occur. The mixture can also be combined with an absorbent. Previously, nitrogenous fertilizers had been produced using an ammoxidation process requiring long reaction times of up to several hours.

Abstract: A process for the removal of oxides or hydrated oxides of carbon or sulfur from an acid waste gas stream in which a bed of moist particulated solid waste material is formed, the bed particles are coated with alkaline earth oxides or alkaline earth carbonates and a catalyst to promote the reaction of the oxides or hydrated oxides of carbon or sulfur with the alkaline earth oxides or alkaline earth carbonates in the presence of the moisture and in which the bed is contacted with the waste gas stream whereby the oxides or hydrated oxides or carbon or sulfur react with the alkaline earth oxides or alkaline earth carbonates in the presence of the moisture and are absorbed on the bed particles. The bed particles resulting from the process may be used as agricultural soil amendments alone or in combination with fertilizers and the like.

Abstract: A method for treating solid municipal waste material including placing solid municipal waste in a rotating chamber having an interior at ambient pressure, heating the waste at ambient pressure, and controlling the moisture content of the waste.

Abstract: Method and device for the local composting and drying of organic wastes, which is employed for the collection and aerobic conversion on the spot of organic wastes so as to obtain a finished product, compost, intended for use as an agricultural improvement material. A bag-type container (11) is filled with those organic wastes (19), the container (11) having at least flexible walls permeable to air, the container (11) cooperating in its interior with a tube (13) which is at least partially perforated and is closed at its lower end, the tube (13) being associated outside the container (11) with a fan (18), the fan (18) being activated to create a forced circulation of air within the container (11) in order to achieve conversion of the organic wastes (19) into compost and possible drying thereof.

Abstract: This invention is a method to produce a substitute for peat moss comprising:mixing in a mixer adsorptive cellulosic material with an effective amount of an inoculum containing cellulose degrading microorganism such as lignin cellulose degrading bacteria upon anaerobic fermentation and manure municipal waste or similar waste, manufactured feedstock or a blend of these,transferring said mixture to a chamber,allowing the temperature of said mixture to rise in said chamber until said cellulosic material changes color, thenaerating said mixture to remove water vapor, ammonia and other gases in an exhaust gas and then removing said mixture from said chamber for use as a substitute for peat moss and other uses.

Abstract: A process for organic fertilizer production of the invention comprises stirring a batch of the waste matter to be treated with an amount of nitric acid to mix the waste matter with nitric acid, crushing the waste water mixed with nitric acid to make sludge, adding an amount of quicklime to the sludged waste matter mixed with nitric acid and then stirring the waste matter, thereby neutralizing the waste matter with slaked lime formed by the reaction with water, and drying the neutralized waste matter. An apparatus for the production of organic fertilizer is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a continuous method for manufacturing of organic fertilizers by fermentation of a waste containing organic materials or mixture of said waste with cellulose-containing organic materials in the presence of thermophilic and aerobic microorganisms comprising the steps:a. adjusting the moisture content of said waste or mixture to 45-65 wt %,b. shearing and kneading said waste or mixture at a temperature elevated to 40.degree. C.-90.degree. C. by the pressure and friction of said shearing and kneading, whereby thermophilic microorganisms are caused to be activated, andc. pulverizing the thus-treated waste or mixture while contacting it with air, whereby said aerobic microorganisms are caused to be activated,the improvement which comprises subjecting a part of the product of step c. to fermentation by thermophilic microorganisms at a temperature of higher than 40.degree. C. for more than 5 hours, and recycling the thus treated product with fresh raw materials to step a.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for facilitating aerobic composting of organic material. The arrangement comprises a compost tank having an upper receiving volume, a central aeration and mixing volume, and a lower compost collection receiving volume. Preferably the central volume includes an air circulation arrangement directing air therethrough, and a mixing arrangement to facilitate mixing of organic material received therein. In the preferred embodiment, the lower compost receiving volume includes a substantially horizontal floor and a conveying mechanism, to convey fully or substantially fully composting material across the horizontal floor, toward a section of the tank from which it can be readily removed. A fluid circulation arrangement is provided, to facilitate liquid dispersion and moistening of organic material throughout the compost tank.

Abstract: A solid waste recovery system processes solid wastes which would otherwise be sent to a landfill by utilizing several stages of systematically separating and processing various components of the refuse. Refuse is trucked in and dumped on a tipping floor of the recovery facility and separated into non-compostables, recyclables, and compostable materials. The non-compostables are further separated into recyclable inorganics which are recaptured as resalable items and into non-compostable organics which are further separated into hospital and clinical wastes to be incinerated or disposed of as hazardous waste, and into petroleum products to be incinerated, sent to a landfill or disposed of as hazardous waste, or recycled.

Abstract: A process for controlling the throughput rate of aeration air when composting organic waste and/or sewage sludge migrating through a closed reaction vessel from an inlet opening to an outlet opening while aeration air supplied to the reaction vessel flows countercurrently through it, wherein a measured value corresponding to the O.sub.2 content of the waste air evacuated from the reaction vessel is continuously produced and, starting from a minimum value, the throughput rate of the aeration air is increased up to a maximum value until the measured O.sub.2 content of the waste air has dropped to its minimum value, and is decreased again when the O.sub.2 content of the waste air increases, the minimum value of the throughput rate being the value at which the O.sub.2 content of the evacuated waste air just begins to drop as compared to the O.sub.

Abstract: A compost curing air circulating and odor control system including a channel for storage of compost to be cured, the channel being provided with a retractable cover to permit periodic turning of the compost within the channel while concomitantly maintaining the channel as a closed vessel and an air circulating system for venting air from the closed vessel and recirculating the air through the stored compost whereby to enhance pathogen destruction through improved control of temperature gradients within the compost pile and to improve odor control.

Abstract: A garbage disposing device having a collapsible cylindrical main body having an upper end face inclined at such an angle as to be capable of flowing water droplets downward. A flat box-shaped member partitions the inside of the main body into a plurality of vertical chambers. The top end of the member protrudes above the main body. The member has a plurality of perforations in a wall surface thereof. An opening/closing lid is hingedly connected to the upper side of the main body and is attached thereto along the downward slope of the upper end face. Water evaporated from garbage is discharged to the outside through the perforations of the flat box-shaped member. Water which condenses on the inner surface of the opening/closing lid can be introduced along the inclined surface of the lid and then collected into a water receiving port or into grooves of a board core formed in the main body. A plurality of partitioned chambers can be used alternately and continuously for effective disposal of garbage.

Abstract: A storage bin suitable for use as a compost bin is disclosed. Such a storage bin is prefabricated and is made to be easy to assemble and disassemble, without the use of tools. Furthermore, the unassembled storage bin provides its own container for storing the bin itself or for transporting the bin. As a compost bin, as inexpensive, lightweight, weather resistant, aesthetically pleasing unit, that will provide a good composting environment, is provided.

Abstract: A process for converting municipal garbage into organic compost material is described.In the first step of this process, a mixture of cellulosic refuse material and earthworms is provided.In the second step of the process, the mixture of refuse material and earthworms is maintained at a moisture content of from about 45 to about 92 weight percent and a temperature of from about 0 to about 54 degrees centigrade for from about 3 to about 8 months.

Abstract: A system and a process for treating solid waste are disclosed. The system includes a facility having one or more treatment lines for processing the solid waste to recover recyclable and useful materials such as corrugated paper, ferrous metals, plastic products, paper, and glass and to form various fractions which can be converted to a compost material. The facility is a substantially zero discharge facility having a minimal environmental impact.

Abstract: A process for converting municipal garbage into organic compost material is described.In the first step of this process, a mixture of shredded cellulosic refuse material and earthworms is provided. A substantial portion of the shredded cellulosic refuse material is derived from paper and/or cardboard refuse.In the second step of the process, the mixture of refuse material and earthworms is maintained at a moisture content of from about 45 to about 92 weight percent and a temperature of from about 0 to about 54 degrees centigrade for from about 4 to about 8 months.

Abstract: A method for bringing gases into contact with compostible or partially composted material, in which the material placed in the form of a mass on a layer of particulate material and gas, preferably air, is passed through the material, the air being introduced into the mass through gas-distributing means embedded in or covered by the layer of particulate material, and in which the layer comprises a first part-layer of relatively coarse particulate material intended to serve as protection for the gas-distributing means and as a distributing filter for the through-flowing gas, and a second part-layer arranged upon the first part-layer and comprising relatively fine particulate material, the second part-layer being intended to distribute the through-flowing gas before the gas is introduced into the compostible or partially composted material.

Abstract: A process for treating smoke, aqueous sewage and solid waste/refuse materials by digesting all three waste material into an odor-free pumpable slurry. The slurry is screened to separate solids from the aqueous solution. The odor-free solids may be used as fertilizers and the odor free solution may be used for irrigational purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a facility for treating solid waste to recover recyclable materials and to form a compost from a biodegradable fraction within the solid waste. The process and facility lend themselves to efficiently recovering useful materials such as corrugated paper, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plastic products, paper, and other redeemables such as glass containers. Various process steps are employed to recover these materials.

Abstract: A composting facility comprising an elongated composting bay, a compost handling machine, and a ventilation system. The composting bay holds organic waste material while that material composts; and the compost handling machine is adapted to agitate the compost in, and to move the compost along, the bay. The ventilation system selectively conducts air into the compost, and this system includes a sensor, recessed in the bay, to actuate the ventilation system when the temperature of the compost rises above a preset value. Preferably, the temperature of the compost varies along the length of the bay, and the ventilation system includes a multitude of sensors to actuate the ventilation system to conduct air selectively into different sections of the bay to maintain a desired compost temperature profile.

Abstract: Organic waste, especially organic household garbage, is leached in a leaching apparatus for washing out any water soluble organic substances and water soluble heavy metal salts. Air is supplied into the apparatus during the leaching for aerobically decomposing or rotting the organic substances. Non-soluble substances are discharged from the leaching apparatus for further treatment. A liquid flow-off component containing solved substances is withdrawn from the leaching apparatus, collected in an intermediate tank and introduced into an anaerobic solid bed reactor wherein anaerobic bacteria reduce or decompose the liquid flow-off component to form bio-gas which is withdrawn from the solid bed reactor for use or storage in a low pressure tank. The heavy metal salts are precipitated into water non-soluble sulfides and the flow-off is returned for further leaching to the leaching apparatus in a substantially closed circuit in which any lost leaching liquid is replenished.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing compost and composting compositions having a high nitrogen content and being particularly advantageous for use as fertilizers, said process utilizing petroleum sludge and an organic biomass which preferably contains wood industry residue and organic waste products.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of denatured polyaddition products of biomasses and isocyanates, comprising reacting(A) from 5 to 98%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a biomass based on microorganisms or derivative and decomposition products thereof with(B) from 95 to 2%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a compound containing isocyanate groups, at temperatures of at least 50.degree. C. with complete denaturing of component (A).

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of denatured polyaddition products of biomasses and isocyanates, comprising reacting(A) from 5 to 98%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a biomass based on microorganisms or derivative and decomposition products thereof with(B) from 95 to 2%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a compound containing isocyanate groups, at temperatures of at least 50.degree. C. with complete denaturing of component (A).