Abstract: The invention relates to a improved process for the biological transformation of phosphorus and nitrogen containing storm water runoff into ecologically manageable materials by a process wherein aqueous storm water runoff is passed to a bioreactor where soluble phosphorus is precipitated with metallic salts, the aqueous fluid is aerobically and anaerobically treated to form an active biomass that actively bioconverts remaining soluble phosphorus and nitrogen, and the aqueous fluid containing bioconverted phosphorus and nitrogen is passed to an ecoreactor wherein at least a portion of the biomass is bioconverted to a beneficial humus material.

Abstract: Biodegradation additive characterized in that it consists of a mixture of (i) at least one assimilable nitrogen source composed of at least one unsubstituted or substituted amino acid; (ii) at least one phosphorus source, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus ranging from 2 to 100, said additive being subjected to a treatment to make it oleophilic. The invention also concerns an additive in accordance with any of the foregoing claims for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Method for the processing of animal excrements and liquid manure--called liquid materials--for the purpose of utilization of the ammonia contained in the liquid materials as a chemically bound non fugitive plant fertilizer, as well as the thermal disposal of the chemical unreactive, environmental hazardous ingredients of the liquid materials, respectively of the residues remaining from the processing like ammonia residues, methane gas or gaseous odorous compounds, for example of the skatole--or mercaptan type, wherein said the ammonia unbound and/or solubilized in the liquid materials is transformed into a non fugitive, easy resorbable nitrogen fertilizer for plants by adding carbon dioxide and gypsum to the liquid materials and using stable exhaust as preferred carbon dioxide source and the liquid materials are generally purified by the striping method from the odorous substances, ammonia residues or, from the stable exhaust originating methane by feeding in air or especially stable exhaust and which are com

Abstract: A process is disclosed for establishing optimum soil conditions by biologically disintegrating minerals in the presence of Ca compunds, clay and protein- and lignocellulose-containing organic vegetable waste, as well as protein-containing organic animal waste. The process includes the following steps: a) finely crushing a mixture of minerals containing at least potassium, magnesium, phosphate and silicate, all in insoluble form; b) subjecting the vegetable and animal organic waste to an usual preliminary crushing step; c) micronizing the organic waste, preferably while homogeneously mixing it with the mixture of minerals; and d) fermenting the mixture of micronized organic waste and finely crushed minerals in the presence of finely crushed Ca-compound and clay, in microbially appropriate conditions.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of porcine excrement, to transform it into fertilizer. To a liquid solution of porcine excrement, a solution of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is added in suitable proportions to obtain in the final product the desired ratio between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and as a function of the nature of the soil and of the type of application, after which the obtained solution is mixed with a product adapted to retain water, having the desired shape of the final product, so as to obtain a shaped and conditioned fertilizer, which is subjected to a drying treatment. Preferably, the water-retentive product is in the form of granules of polyacrylamide, which swell in water to a number of times their size when dry. The granules absorb the liquid very quickly but release it only slowly, so that they can swell and dry over and over and so have a long effective life.

Abstract: Processes are provided for the thermophilic digestion (55.degree. C. to 65.degree. C.) of chitinous wastes to produce a solubilized form of chitin that may be applied to plants to stimulate their resistance to disease and attack by insects and fungi. Also provided are processes for treating a combined waste, including a waste containing chitin and an organic waste, to produce a substantially human and plant pathogen-fee product that may be used not only to stimulate plant resistance, but also to act as a fertilizer. The thermophilic digestion processes may be carried out with ubiquitous organisms, under at least marginally aerobic conditions, and preferably at a near-neutral pH.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nutrient rich humus material produced by a process wherein solids in an aqueous slurry of the excrement are precipitated in a solids ecoreactor, the treated slurry is passed to a bioreactor wherein soluble phosphorus is precipitated with metallic salts, the slurry is aerobically and anaerobically treated to form an active biomass that actively bioconverts remaining soluble phosphorus and the aqueous slurry containing bioconverted phosphorus is recycled to said solids ecoreactor wherein the at least a portion of slurry is bioconverted and recovered as a beneficial humus material.

Abstract: Trees are fertilized with natural ingredients commonly used in the feed industry to prevent, combat and reverse die-back damage in trees. The fertilizer composition employed preferably uses feather meal or blood meal, and bone meal, along with sulfate of potash or sulfate of potash magnesia to provide a ratio of N:P:K of about 4:4:8 wt. %.

Abstract: A method for producing liquid fertilizer is characterized in that raw material made of human waste consisting of feces and urine is made to come into contact with heated animal oil, plant oil, mineral oil or a mixture of these oils under a reduced pressure, and water contained in the raw material is evaporated from the raw material and moisture made of evaporated water is collected, cooled and liquefied to produce liquid fertilizer.

Abstract: To make an artificial topsoil combine by hand or in a blending machine, by volume, either dredged river silt, sand or basalt, and cellulose from recycled paper or yard waste, with composted animal or human waste for general reclamation and cereal crops, or vegetable or fruit residuals for gardens or potting soil, and then add calcium in the form of calcium silicate as slag or lime and ammonium nitrate or sulfate mixed with water, and then charcoal or equivalent amount of phosphorus, sodium, and sulfur as are present in charcoal. This combination of material replicates the calcium base, decaying cellulose, silt and animal or vegetable waste structure of natural soils.Various soil types can be duplicated by adjusting the base content of sand, silt, or basalt and rearranging the nutrient and mineral content to compensate for differing levels of each, for example: calcium and organic percentages should be increased to maximum when using sand as a base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a improved process for the biological transformation of phosphorus and nitrogen containing animal waste excrement into ecologically manageable materials by a process wherein solids in an aqueous slurry of the excrement are precipitated in a solids ecoreactor, the treated slurry is passed to a bioreactor zone where it is soluble phosphorus is precipitated with metallic salts, the slurry is aerobically and anaerobically treated to form an active biomass that actively bioconverts remaining soluble phosphorus and the aqueous slurry containing bioconverted phosphorus is passed to a polishing ecoreactor zone wherein the at least a portion of slurry is bioconverted to a beneficial humus material.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a fertilizer and a process for producing the same which incorporates flyash, which is a by-product from the coal fired utility industry, with an organic fertilizing component comprising manure. The flyash and manure are mixed with the resulting mixture compressed by passing the mixture through a roller press thereby forming a sheet and then fracturing the sheet into chips or other particulate form. The water content of the mixture is controlled in an effort to produce particulates having high dry strength.

Abstract: A method of treating organic material which includes admixing organic material with water and an acid, the acid equivalent to 5-12% by total weight 100% sulfuric acid; increasing the pH of said admixture, while simultaneously introducing up to 5% by weight of steam; and heating and drying the basified admixture. The resultant material makes excellent plant food, fertilizer, or soil conditioner. Various modifications are possible, e.g., during the first step, steam may be introduced in an amount of up to 40% by weight of the final product. Also, during the first step, carbonate-free calcium may be included in the admixture of the first step. After the alkalinization step, nutrients such as lime, dolomite, rock phosphate, potash, ammonium nitrate, and/or urea may be added to the admixture. The resulting material can be granulated, extruded or pelletized.

Abstract: A high analysis suspension fertilizer containing predetermined amounts of nitrogen and other inorganic plant nutrients is produced from a low plant nutrient-containing organic material, such as animal manure or sewage sludge, by first preparing an aqueous initial suspension of the organic material by admixing with a sufficient amount of water for the organic material to be uniformly dispersed throughout the initial suspension and admixing with the initial suspension a sufficient amount of an acid, such as sulfuric acid, for reacting with the organic material and transforming it into colloidal form, the weight ratio of the acid to the total weight of the organic material in the initial suspension being within the range of about 0.2 to about 2 and the weight ratio of the acid to the total dry weight of the organic material being within the range of about 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making organic based fertilizer, the method including mixing organic material with phosphate, potash, or other inorganics and water if necessary. Acid is mixed with the organic and inorganic material mixture and the resulting mixture is permitted to cure for a sufficient period of time to allow the acid to chemically break down the material of the mixture. A first quantity of ammonia is then added to the mixture, and a second quantity of ammonia is added to the mixture to produce the finished fertilizer product. Quantities of the various ingredients are adjusted to provide a fertilizer that has a desired percentage make-up of the major fertilizer elements for a specific crop.

Abstract: An organic, fresh-smelling fertilizer product is produced by collecting llama pellets from llamas that have preferably been fed only alfalfa hay with grain supplements. The pellets are first dried by means of a relatively slow process that enables them to harden as pellets rather than fragment, and they are then ground to produce a particulate mass such as powder, granulates or pellet-sized particles which has an alfalfa-like scent and is a very effective fertilizer.

Abstract: There is provided a continuous method for manufacturing of organic fertilizers by fermentation of a waste containing organic materials or mixture of said waste with cellulose-containing organic materials in the presence of thermophilic and aerobic microorganisms comprising the steps:a. adjusting the moisture content of said waste or mixture to 45-65 wt %,b. shearing and kneading said waste or mixture at a temperature elevated to 40.degree. C.-90.degree. C. by the pressure and friction of said shearing and kneading, whereby thermophilic microorganisms are caused to be activated, andc. pulverizing the thus-treated waste or mixture while contacting it with air, whereby said aerobic microorganisms are caused to be activated,the improvement which comprises subjecting a part of the product of step c. to fermentation by thermophilic microorganisms at a temperature of higher than 40.degree. C. for more than 5 hours, and recycling the thus treated product with fresh raw materials to step a.

Abstract: A continuous process is described for the preparation of fertilizers from animal waste consisting of the following steps:a) anaerobic fermentation of waste up to BOD.sub.5 of 300-2000,b) treatment with HNO.sub.3 up to pH 1-2,c) treatment with Ca(OH) up to pH 6.5-7 and S.A.R. index<6, with the addition of small quantities of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 before or after step c).

Abstract: To produce organic fertilizer which is effective for sterile agricultural land, a mixture comprising coral reef powder, domestic animal excreta, sewage disposal waste and ground cellulose derived from plant fiber is prepared and it is well mixed in the presence of organic compounds and inorganic salts. Thereafter, it is subjected to cultivating in a multi-bath type cultivating bath for a predetermined period of time while temperature and pH are adjusted properly. Cultivation is achieved with the addition of bacilli including nitrogen fixing bacillus such as Azotobactor vinelandii, Bacillus megaterum, Rhizobium leguminosarm or the like, Trichoderma virde acting as raw fiber decomposing bacillus, candida utilus acting as yeast fungus and green algae, each of which is cultivated under the operating condition of symbiosis cultivation. The pH in the cultivating bath is maintained in the range of 5.5 to 7.5, preferably in the range of 6 to 7.

Abstract: A process for converting municipal garbage into organic compost material is described.In the first step of this process, a mixture of cellulosic refuse material and earthworms is provided.In the second step of the process, the mixture of refuse material and earthworms is maintained at a moisture content of from about 45 to about 92 weight percent and a temperature of from about 0 to about 54 degrees centigrade for from about 3 to about 8 months.

Abstract: A process for converting municipal garbage into organic compost material is described.In the first step of this process, a mixture of shredded cellulosic refuse material and earthworms is provided. A substantial portion of the shredded cellulosic refuse material is derived from paper and/or cardboard refuse.In the second step of the process, the mixture of refuse material and earthworms is maintained at a moisture content of from about 45 to about 92 weight percent and a temperature of from about 0 to about 54 degrees centigrade for from about 4 to about 8 months.

Abstract: A nutritional product for animals and for soils consists of aggregates of organic sea limestones of recent formation, part of which takes the form of at least one of the mono-, di- and tri-calcium phosphates resulting from the action of phosphoric acid on the limestones, the product containing a maximum of 20% phosphorus by weight. The manufacturing process involves reacting phosphoric acid with the limestones in the presence of water, at least part of which is sea water, to form the phosphate around the shell core, and extracting under reduced pressure the noxious gaseous products resulting from this reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel fertilizer and method wherein a complex humic acid fertilizer is formed a mix of a select organic material, water, and measured amounts of major inorganic elements of nitrogen, phosphate, potash and sulfur. The constituents mixed in a sealed reactor system with a first material, usually an acid, are hydrolyzed by a drastic pH change, raising the mix temperature and pressure, and the mix is subsequently blended with a second material of an opposite pH to the first material, usually a base, reacting with the mix to provide a further temperature and pressure increase, to alter the pH to that of the finished fertilizer, which humic acid fertilizer is then dried and granulated or liquefied to a pumpable slurry.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for compressing moisture containing material including a pair of opposed rolls for receiving and advancing the material therebetween to apply rolling load thereto to compress the material and remove at least a portion of said moisture therefrom, and differential means for causing one of said rolls to rotate at a lower speed than the rolling speed of the other of the rolls, the differential rolling speeds developing friction between the rolls causing the rolls to be heated and apply heat to said material to further remove moisture therefrom, to cause the compressed material to adhere to the one roll and to cause the removed moisture to adhere to the other roll, also alone and in combination, apparatus and process of decomposing organic material such as an animal biomass by the action of aerobic microorganisms in the presence of oxygen, including introducing the organic material into a container having an end adapted to receive the organic material and an output end adapted to discharge th

Abstract: In order to reduce the volume increase of liquid manure during its storage, a process is proposed for the treatment of liquid manure in which at least one copper electrode and one counter-electrode are placed in the liquid manure, and copper ions from the copper electrode connected as the anode are introduced into the liquid manure by the application of a DC voltage which is preferably below the gassing voltage of the liquid manure.

Abstract: A new method for preparation of organic compost by incorporating zeolite into excretions from domestic animals. In the method, zeolite of about 10 to 30% relative to the total weight of excretions is homogeneously mixed and then piled for a predetermined period so that the water content of a surface portion of the pile of the mixture decreases to about 25% by weight or less, and the average water content of the entire pile decreases to about 55% by weight or less. The piled mixture is then supplied to a fermentation vessel in which it is scooped and turned over such that a high water content portion inside the low water content surface portion is divided into small masses and the low water content surface portion is divided into fine powders, so that the fine powders are spread around the small masses to thereby achieve effective aerobic fermentation in the vessel.

Abstract: The substance results from the combination of an old cooled manure of which the fermentation is terminated, seeded with fresh animal dejections, particularly from sheep. This mixture is slightly wetted and held in an air-tight chamber, for example in thick plastic envelope, perfectly sealed, and at a mean temperature. Said substance, which is like a compost, is of a dark color without any particular smell, slightly pasty, releasing a blackish juice when it is sprinkled with water, after having deposited said substance on the soil at the foot of the vegetable to be treated.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of preparing artificial fertile soil from pulverized material such as sawdust or wood chips by the utilization of biological mass production techniques. In the steps for converting the pulverized woody material into fertile soil, four-footed livestock such as cattle are raised thereon, followed by the addition thereto of crushed animal carcass residues, the breeding of earthworms therein and, finally, the raising of domestic fowl such as chickens thereon.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing compost and composting compositions having a high nitrogen content and being particularly advantageous for use as fertilizers, said process utilizing petroleum sludge and an organic biomass which preferably contains wood industry residue and organic waste products.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of denatured polyaddition products of biomasses and isocyanates, comprising reacting(A) from 5 to 98%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a biomass based on microorganisms or derivative and decomposition products thereof with(B) from 95 to 2%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a compound containing isocyanate groups, at temperatures of at least 50.degree. C. with complete denaturing of component (A).

Abstract: Self-propelled windrowing apparatus having a forward material treatment housing carrying an elevating structure formed as a drum carrying a plurality of pivotal flails. The flails serve to shred and aerate biodegradable waste and elevate it to a collection auger which manipulates the elevated material to a transfer conveyor mounted within the chassis of the apparatus. The transfer conveyor moves the material to a pivotal windrowing conveyor mounted rearwardly of the apparatus which serves to form symmetrical windrow piles of material.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of denatured polyaddition products of biomasses and isocyanates, comprising reacting(A) from 5 to 98%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a biomass based on microorganisms or derivative and decomposition products thereof with(B) from 95 to 2%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a compound containing isocyanate groups, at temperatures of at least 50.degree. C. with complete denaturing of component (A).

Abstract: The invention provides a sprayable plant care composition which, in its preferred aspects, comprises a continuous aqueous phase comprising gelatin hydrolysate, urea, dissolved phosphorus and potassium salts, and an amount of preservative effective to prevent microbial growth in the composition; a dispersed phase comprising orange peel wax and glycerol as a diluent for the wax; and an emulsifier comprising polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate in an amount effective to provide a stable emulsion and provide a cleansing action when the composition is applied to the foliage of a plant. When applied as a spray to plant leaf surfaces, the composition produces an attractive shine and an appealing aroma, provides plant nutrients absorbable by the leaf, and serves as an effective rinse to cleanse the leaf.

Abstract: A slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is disclosed employing proteinaceous animal food materials which are stabilized against decomposition and decay for extended periods of time when stored at ambient temperatures. The treated animal food materials are useful as fertilizer compositions, as food supplements or as bait for fish and crustaceans, such as crab. The animal food material is comminuted together to a finely divided state of the consistency of a thick soup with at least 4% by weight, based on the weight of the animal food material, of a polyol having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups. Edible polyols are used when the end product is to be used as a bait or food supplement. Anti-oxidants and/or mold inhibitors are also preferably added to the animal food material/polyol mixture.

Abstract: A biological degradation process for the treatment of organic containing waste-matter for producing a waste-matter sludge material, the process containing a step for contacting microorganisms with the organic-containing waste matter, which comprises adding to said step a microbial activity-enhancing concentration of a mineral composite consisting essentially of glacial deposit. Other mineral composites may also be used. The invention also relates to an improved waste-matter sludge material.

Abstract: A process for the production of dehydrated foodstuffs, feedstuffs or plant fertilizers includes the following steps: (a) preparing protein-containing animal matter to a particulate size acceptable to homogenizing equipment; (b) subjecting the comminuted matter to ultra homogenization; (c) heating the resultant homogenate to a temperature of between about 50.degree. C. and 85.degree. C. to agglomerate the protein; (d) granulating the agglomerate; (e) drying the granules at a temperature not greater than 95.degree. C. until their moisture content is within the range of about 20% to about 50% by weight; (f) passing the partially dried granules through a mincer to form kibbles; (g) drying the kibbled material to achieve a moisture content not more than 8% by weight.

Abstract: Iron proteinates or chelates of iron with hydrolyzed protein which are usually insoluble are rendered soluble without destroying the chelate and are more readily assimilable by plant and animals.

Abstract: Non-ferrous metal proteinates or chelates of essential bivalent metals with hydrolyzed protein are rendered soluble without destroying the chelate and are more readily assimilated by plants and animals.

Abstract: An organic fertilizer is obtained from the treatment of organic material being material of animal origin. The organic material is digested, for example by potassium hydroxide and the product is neutralized. A preservative is included in the final mixture and other additives such as phosphates, sulphates and potassium sources, as well as molasses and gum may also be included.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating glue stock so as to remove water and fat therefrom and render the glue stock useful as fertilizer, fertilizer supplements or animal feed. The process comprises heating the glue stock to a temperature between 40.degree. and 80.degree. Celsius, mechanically pressing it to express liquid therefrom and after said pressing cooling the glue stock to prevent the decomposition or cementing of the glue stock.

Abstract: Seeds, for example, legume seeds, are coated with a mixture containing a caseinate salt and viable rhizobia bacteria.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus repeatedly moves the central front opening of a drum and flail compartment thereof over elongated large masses of inoculated manure and moves the drum and flail assembly therein through each of the masses to repeatedly flail it, mix it, cool it and aerate it and, by co-action of a sprayer apparatus, moisten the particles of each resultant mass while in a state of dispersion, and form the resultant moistened particulate mass by flexible skirt members outlining a rear outlet opening into a pile of readily dispersed useful granulated soil conditioner.

Abstract: A process for producing an animal feed and a fertilizer ingredient from animal manure which comprises acid solution and either wet or dry manure. The essentially basic minerals contained in the manure chemically react with the acid to form soluble salts. The acid and essentially basic minerals are used in an amount so that there is an equal molar reaction basis and so that sterilization of the manure is achieved. A slurry containing various solid fractions and an acid-water fraction is formed. The various fractions, each separated from each other, are recovered from the slurry.

Abstract: A method of separating from ruminant animal feces the undigested fibrous material that is preponderantly short pieces which consist of bundles of capillary tubes. The feces are mixed with urine, water from animal washing and preparation for milking, and with other water if needed, to form a homogeneous slurry which is run through tandem perforate drum and roller squeezers that heavily compress the short pieces to express liquid from them while continuously draining off a filtrate of liquid and fine solids which is ultimately put into a pond for use as liquid fertilizer. This leaves a filter mass which is preponderantly the short pieces. The filter mass is mixed with clean water to form a suspension which is run through tandem perforate cylinder roller pressers that compress the short pieces under several times heavier pressure to produce a cleansed filter mass and a filtrate which is combined with the original slurry.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating waste products having a bioreducing unit, means for scrubbing air and gases exhausted from the unit and for recovering byproducts formed in the bioreduction step, and means for dehumidifying the scrubbed air. Fly larvae which hatch from eggs added to the waste product in the bioreducing unit aerate the waste product and thus accelerate the bioreduction and removal of moisture. The fly larvae and the bioreduced manure are then separated on a perforated screen belt by utilizing the negative reaction of the larvae to light.

Abstract: A method of producing fertilizer by taking manure which comprises numerous species of beetles, mixing other organic waste with said manure and allowing the stockpile to stand for a predetermined time, feeding said stockpile through a crusher into a drier, subjecting the organic matter to a secondary crusher, conveying the finely crushed material to a second stockpile, allowing said second stockpile to stand for a predetermined time then re-passing the organic matter through the drier and the secondary crusher.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for separating from ruminant animal feces the undigested fibrous material that is preponderantly short pieces which consist of bundles of capillary tubes. The feces are mixed with urine, water from animal washing and preparation for milking, and with other water if needed, to form a homogeneous slurry which is run through tandem perforate drum and roller squeezers that heavily compress the short pieces to express liquid from them while continuously draining off a filtrate of liquid and fine solids which is ultimately put into a pond for use as liquid fertilizer. This leaves a filter mass which is preponderantly the short pieces The filter mass is mixed with clean water to form a suspension which is run through tandem perforate cylinder roller pressers that compress the short pieces under several times heavier pressure to produce a cleansed filter mass and a filtrate which is combined with the original slurry.

Abstract: Controlling the odor of an animal waste slurry and increasing the plant nutrient values in said animal waste slurry is achieved by contacting an animal waste slurry with about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm hydrogen peroxide, adjusting the pH of the slurry to between about 4.0 and about 8.0 with a mineral acid, mixing the slurry until the odor is no longer objectionable, and recovering the animal waste slurry which contains increased amounts of ammonium salt values.