Abstract: To compete with the increasing global food demand, it is necessary to increase the food production. Fertilizers which are in practice now a days has major disadvantage that 50% of nutrient contents loss due to leaching and also leads to ground water contamination. Slow release nitrogenous fertilizers are good in this regard in that they have minimum nutrient loss due to leaching. Potassium aluminum silicate (Leucite) nanoparticles occluded by calcium ammonium nitrates are slow release fertilizers and are synthesized by hydrothermal method. Its application as slow released nitrates fertilizers was determined by observing nitrate release for 16 days.

Abstract: Pesticide compositions and methods for their use are provided. Embodiments of the subject pesticide compositions include a pesticide and an assimilable carbon skeleton energy component. Embodiments of the subject compositions may include a pesticide and one or more of a macronutrient component, micronutrient component, vitamin/cofactor component and a complexing agent. Also provided are methods that include preparing an assimilable carbon skeleton energy containing-pesticide composition and methods for administering an assimilable carbon skeleton energy containing-pesticide composition to a plant. Kits for use in practicing the subject invention are also provided. The subject pesticide compositions find use in a variety of different applications, and are particularly suited for use in at least mollifying pesticide-induced phytotoxicity of a plant.

Abstract: A fertilizer system is provided using extraction of nitrogen compounds and other plant nutrients from combustion exhaust gases, and which is particularly suited for use with an agricultural irrigation system or engine driven plant care equipment including self-propelled tractors, mowers and the like. The system includes an exhaust chamber in communication with the motor driving a pump of the system for receiving the exhaust gases therethrough. Water is injected into the exhaust chamber for mixing with the exhaust so that the steam being formed absorbs various nitrogen compounds and other plant nutrients from the surrounding hot exhaust gases. The steam is subsequently condensed in a condensing chamber from which condensate is collected and dispensed into the inlet of the pump with water circulated therethrough.

Abstract: This invention concerns the formulation and preparation of ammonium- and urea-free solid-chemical compositions for the anaerobic bioremediation of environmental contamination using the biological process of denitrification. The composition includes nitrate salts and may also include additional sources of nutrient phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. The use of complex phosphates (i.e., salts of phosphoric acid) is used as a combined binder-nutrient system. The use of complex phosphates in this manner enables the water-based agglomeration of the composition into granular forms in a manner which greatly improves upon the safety of the commonly known “Tennessee Valley Authority” type granulation processes by reducing or eliminating the use of the highly toxic and dangerous chemicals anhydrous ammonia, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a compound used as a soil additive to enhance farming, forestry, ornamental and landscaping production in conditions of droughts and insufficient fertile soils. This composition contains potassium based absorbent acrylamide crossed linked copolymers, together with nutritional elements of fast and slow solubility, derived from mineral and organic substances, including in some cases, extracts from sea kelp as growth stimulants. This soil additive is used in varied dosages according to the type of crop, soil and climate. In field tests it has demonstrated great efficiency in enhancing crop production and/or higher quality crops and/or larger bloom and/or saving of irrigation water.

Abstract: Calcium cyanamide compositions and methods for their use are disclosed. The compositions and methods stabilize active ionic compositions comprising calcium cyanamide and enhance the effectiveness of calcium cyanamide alone or synergistically in combination with nitrogen containing materials such as urea and organics, for example, manures. The compositions and methods also facilitate controllable site directed delivery of the contents of the stabilized compositions. The compositions and methods are effective for fertilizing, soil amending, metal stabilizing and odor and organism inhibition. The compositions are stable, easily calibrated, and non-clogging for spray delivery to target sites.

Abstract: An agglomeration process by which granules are formed by the steps of: (a) injecting polymer having sufficient viscoelasticity; and (b) impacting particles on the polymer at the injection point. The present invention is advantageous because it overcomes the problems of previous granulation process and subsequent art processes by having a very low recycle rate and allowing for control of granule size. It is particularly useful for fertilizer granule formation using a ureaform polymer and particles comprised of ammonium sulfate.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to organic compost used to treat soil. The compost serves as a source of plant nutrients, improves soil structure, encourages the growth of beneficial microorganisms and can be used as a vehicle in the formulation of other soil treatment compounds.

Abstract: Water-buoyant compositions comprising a source of micronutrients for photosynthetic phytoplankton growth are useful for stimulating photosynthetic phytoplankton growth in ocean areas devoid of such growth when deployed on ocean surfaces as floating particles. Iron is the preferred micronutrient.

Abstract: An integrated system of non-condensable gas (NCG) and condensate treatment allows geothermal power plant condensate and non-condensable gas effluent streams containing H.sub.2 S and ammonia to be commercially useful for more than for cooling tower makeup. In the preferred embodiment, the pH of the condensate is increased by adding ammonia and the pH increased stream is contacted with NCG to scrub and oxidize the H.sub.2 S constituent of the NCG. By reducing the pH, the condensate or aqueous stream mixture can also be used to further transfer ammonia from the non-condensable gas stream to the aqueous stream, enriching the stream for use as a fertilizer/irrigation water mixture. If other commercial uses are desired for the mixture and/or oxidized NCG streams, they can be resin treated to remove the ammonia constituent. With the ammonia and H.sub.2 S constituents decreased, the condensate may be used for a variety of applications and the NCG can be injected or used as a commercial feed stream.

Abstract: Sulfur coated plant fertilizer granules, each such granule including a core granule of fertilizer having a crystalline component, a bonding layer having a mixture of the fertilizer granule crystalline component and crystalline sulfur, coating the granule, the bonding layer crystalline fertilizer component being integral with the fertilizer granule crystalline component at the bonding layer-granule interface, and an outer layer of sulfur having crystallized sulfur, the outer layer sulfur being integral with the bonding layer sulfur at the bonding layer-outer layer interface, the crystalline fertilizer component of the bonding layer and the sulfur of the bonding layer being interwoven, enabling the sulfur outer layer to be tightly bound to the fertilizer granule.

Abstract: Anti-caking composition for nitrogen-containing material consisting essentially of ammonium salts useful as an ingredient of fertilizer and normally posing a problem with respect to caking. The composition includes at least one sulfate anti-caking agent such as sodium alkyl sulfates, potassium alkyl sulfates or monoethanolammonium alkyl sulfate, diethanolammonium alkyl sulfate and triethanolammonium alkyl sulfate.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously removing SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x from waste gases. Using a known desulfurization process the waste gases free of the acidic components are contacted with an oxidizing agent in the gas phase for the oxidation of the oxygen of nitrogen contained in the waste gases. The formed NO.sub.2 is absorbed in a subsequent absorbing stage under previous addition of NH.sub.3 and the thereby obtained absorbing product is oxidized to form ammonium nitrate in a subsequent oxidation stage with atmospheric oxygen and then reconveyed into the desulfurization process.

Abstract: To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without preheating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.

Abstract: To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without pre-heating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.

Abstract: To make and use nitrogenous fertilizer on a farm, nitrogen dioxide is prepared in a continuous process from air or from ammonia in a reactor, with the ammonia either being transported to the farm or being prepared on the farm in a continuous process from water and air. The nitrogen dioxide is mixed with a continuous flow of water to form a dilute solution of nitric acid, which may be applied to the field through the irrigation system as top dressing or mixed within the irrigation system with ammonia or other cations to form ammonium nitrate or other desired nitrogen solutions for application to the fields in a continuous process or concentrated without requiring storage of large amounts of gas or creating heat exchange problems in the manufacturing process. In the embodiment which burns ammonia, the nitrogen oxides are fixed on an 8 percent nickel stainless steel mesh in a column 10 feet high and one foot in diameter and oxidized while fixed to nitrogen dioxide.

Abstract: Water-soluble gelated micronutrient fertilizers containing 55 to 89% by weight of water soluble compounds of micronutrients of which 25 to 100 mol % of the cations are present in complexed form, 2 to 7% by weight of ammonium nitrogen as macronutrient, 2 to 18% by weight of polyglycol ether having at least 9 ethylene oxide (EO) units and/or water-soluble polyglycol ether derivatives having at least 8 EO units in the molecule and 7 to 20% by weight of water, process for their manufacture and their use for plant fertilization.

Abstract: Digester supernatants and/or liquors from sludge dewatering are reacted with an excess of an alkaline reagent having a stronger cation than the ammonium ion and the reaction product is separated into a solution containing aqueous ammonia and solids. The aqueous ammonia derived from the separation stage is heated by free steam under a lowered pressure to free ammonia in gaseous form. The ammonia as a gas, or adsorbed in water, or adsorbed in an acid, or as an acid salt is then mixed with conventionally dried sludge to increase the nitrogen content of the sludge from approximately 1-2 percent to as high as 10 percent.

Abstract: Plants suffering from micro-nutrient deficiences are treated with prussiates of the formulaM.sub.a [Fe(CN).sub.5 X].sub.bIn whichM is an alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, heavy metal ion, ammonium ion or hydrogen,X is a group which can occupy the sixth coordination position on the iron, or a suitable organic radical,A is 2, 3, 4 or 5, andB is 1, 2 or 3.The prussiate may be present as a hydrate and/or may be in admixture with a carrier.

Abstract: Nitrocellulose is reacted with ammonium hydroxide to produce a mixture of monium nitrate with various degradation products derived from cellulose, the mixture being useful as fertilizer either in the form of an aqueous slurry or in dry powdery or granular form.