Abstract: Provided is a novel carbonization treatment method for carbonizing a biomass material containing a large amount of water at an extremely low temperature, and a method for producing carbonized biomass. A water-containing biomass material is carbonized while maintaining the biomass material under treatment conditions including an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a temperature range of 70° C. or greater and less than 100° C., without a drying step for removing or reducing the water forcibly. At this time, preferably the water content (percentage) of the biomass material at the start of carbonization while maintained under the treatment conditions is within a range of 40 to 80% inclusive, and preferably the biomass material is thus maintained for two weeks or longer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a distribution system for distributing an olfactory attractant that stimulates ovipositioning of insects, comprising a central receptacle such as a container for holding an olfactory attractant and/or for holding a source of olfactory attractant, a delivery system comprising tubes, pipes and/or ducts, said tubes, pipes and/or ducts coupled to the receptacle and ending at locations where ovipositioning is desired, for delivering a liquid or gas from the receptacle such as a container to said locations, and a driver system for moving the attractant through the delivery system from the receptacle such as a container to said locations. The invention also relates to a method for stimulating ovipositioning of insects, such as black soldier flies, comprising delivering olfactory attractant from a receptacle such as a container to multiple ovipositioning areas via a driver system, said ovipositioning areas preferably located in a cage for insects.

Abstract: Systems and methods associated with biomass decomposition are generally described. Certain embodiments are related to adjusting a flow rate of a fluid comprising oxygen into a reactor in which biomass is decomposed. The adjustment may be made, at least in part, based upon a measurement of a characteristic of the reactor and/or a characteristic of the biomass. Certain embodiments are related to cooling at least partially decomposed biomass. The biomass may be cooled by flowing a gas over an outlet conduit in which the biomass is cooled, and then directing the gas to a reactor after it has flowed over the outlet conduit. Certain embodiments are related to systems comprising a reactor and an outlet conduit configured such that greater than or equal to 75% of its axially projected cross-sectional area is occupied by a conveyor.

Abstract: A sterile bioreactor is formed of a combination of a bag and a bubble diffuser retained in the bag. The bubble diffuser is formed of a microporous sheet material that produces substantially uniform micro gas bubbles for enhancing plant organism growth within the bag. The bag is made in a cost-effective manner and with desired sterility by sealing coupling devices and/or ports, the tube ends sealed and gamma irradiated. The coupling devices/ports are established in one side wall of the bag. Contents may be inserted into and removed from the bag through the coupling devices/ports, which may be surface mounted portals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vertical gas distribution device for aerobic compost and a gas distribution method. Current gas distribution pipelines are easily blocked by organic materials, resulting in poor ventilation due to non-uniform local ventilation and cleaning difficulties. The inventive device comprises a compost chamber, a compost bin, a compost heap, a percolate tank, and a plurality of gas distribution branch pipes at the bottom of the compost chamber, the pipes being vertically movable in the chamber; the percolate tank is positioned at the bottom of the chamber and under the pipes; an air inlet is provided on the side wall of the tank, and an outlet is provided on the side wall of the chamber; the compost bin is inside the compost chamber, and the compost heap is in the compost bin; each pipe is top sealed, with a plurality of vent holes on the side wall, and its bottom connected to the tank. The present invention is usable for compost ventilation.

Abstract: A biologically active compost is manufactured using a sterile commodity compost, a set of cultures and inoculants, and a disbursed portion of an earlier biologically active compost. The biologically active compost is manufactured from the sterile commodity compost, infusing it with the cultures and inoculants, and combining it with the disbursed portion of an earlier biologically active compost. The resultant biologically active compost includes a compost substrate suitable for growing biological material, and a microbiome permeating the substrate, the microbiome having a collection of microfauna with a wide biological diversity or other statistical variance. The microbiome includes archaea, aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, amoebae or protozoa, fungi, nematodes, microarthopods, or plant or animal fragments, well in excess of amounts that can survive the thermophilic process for producing the commodity compost.

Abstract: Composting systems and methods are disclosed. A composting kit can be removably installed in roll-off waste containers and/or open-topped shipping containers without modifying the container. The composting kit can include a perforated aeration conduit, a flow regulator positioned along the perforated aeration conduit, and a delivery conduit fluidically coupled to the perforated aeration conduit at a releasable joint comprising a clearance fit. Additionally, the composting kit can include a blower configured to be fluidically coupled to the delivery conduit. The composting kit can be assembled into a working configuration in which the perforated aeration conduit is positioned within the container and the delivery conduit is fluidically coupled to the blower and to the perforated aeration conduit. The components of the composting kit can be removed from the container before the compost is unloaded from the container.

Abstract: A device, system, and method for residue use in livestock farming, comprising a conveyor device for conveying animal excrement along a conveyor section, wherein the conveyor section has a larva-introducing portion for metering in larvae and/or larva eggs, an excrement-introducing portion for metering in animal excrement depending on one or more process parameters, and a larva-separating portion for separating the larvae, and methods for use thereof.

Abstract: An Internet of Things (IoT) BIoTower™ for recycling food wastes into nutrients and for growing organic plants is disclosed which includes a food waste disposable tower for receiving food wastes; a multi-leveled carousels connected to the food waste disposable tower, each containing soils infested with earthworms; and an Internet of Things (IoT) irrigation system designed to provide sustainability to the soils and the organic plants.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus for determining the moisture of a sample comprising a solid mixture, comprising at least one sample chamber for receiving the sample, at least one sensor for measuring a characteristic of a gas mixture surrounding the sample and a determination device for determining the moisture of the sample from the at least one characteristic. According to the disclosure, provision is made for the apparatus to comprise an measurement chamber which may be evacuated and which, in terms of flow, is selectively separable from the at least one sample chamber or connectable to the sample chamber, wherein the at least one sensor is configured to measure the characteristic of the gas mixture in the measurement chamber. The disclosure furthermore relates to a corresponding method for determining the moisture of a sample comprising a solid mixture.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for creating biologically active soil or horticulture media for growing plants, wherein a fibrous carbon source such as coconut coir in a predetermined particulate form is mixed with fertilizers and other biological nutrients, inoculated with a biologically active substance such as worm castings and then aged or cured in an oxygen rich aerobic process. After which additional nutrients can be added to tailor the aged media for a specific use. Various apparatus with which to conduct the aging process are also described. In a variation of the process used soil or horticulture media is recharged by first composting at a high temperature to remove harmful and unwanted items, its contents are evaluated, nutrients are added, and it is then aged in an aerobic process.

Abstract: A method for preparing a briquette binder using a landfill leachate and a method for producing an industrial briquette using the briquette binder. The landfill leachate is modified by sulfonation and amination, and is mixed with the modified rice straws to prepare the briquette binder, so as to effectively use the products generated in garbage processing to realize secondary economic benefits in garbage processing. The industrial briquette is produced by the prepared briquette binder, and the industrial briquette is used as steam coal or metallurgical coal with large briquette consumption, so as to promote the resource utilization of the landfill leachate, reduce the cost in preparation of the briquette binder and enhance benefits.

Abstract: A method for vermicomposting includes providing an underground cell comprising a bottom, sidewalls and an open top, layering a base bedding layer at the bottom of the underground cell, layering a bottom organic waste layer on the base bedding layer, layering a stack of one (1) or more intermediate bedding layers and one (1) or more one or more intermediate organic waste layers, alternating between an intermediate bedding layer and an intermediate organic waste layer, on the bottom organic waste layer to partially form a compost heap, layering a top bedding layer on a top organic waste layer of the stack of the intermediate bedding layers and the intermediate organic waste layers to form the compost heap, watering the compost heap at a predetermined watering cycle, introducing worms to the compost heap, aerating the compost heap at a predetermined aeration cycle, and harvesting compost from the compost heap.

Abstract: A rural bulk organic waste pollutant source comprehensive treatment system including a solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor, a liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and a multifunctional boiler is provided. A rural bulk organic waste pollutant source comprehensive treatment method. For excretion waste of a livestock farm adopting the technology of manure cleaning by urine submerging, a solid-liquid separation is firstly performed thereto, wherein solid is conveyed to the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and fermented to produce solid organic fertilizers, and liquid is conveyed to the liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and fermented to produce liquid organic fertilizers.

Abstract: A process for producing a commercial soil additive comprises mixing a compost composition with elementary (raw) sulphur to form a mixed material and turning the mixed material until it is substantially homogenous and until there is microbial oxidation of elementary sulphur therein to at least one sulphate.

Abstract: A system for digesting biodigestible feed that preferably includes the steps of comminuting the feed, introducing feed, an oxygen-containing gas, an accelerant, and bacteria into a digestion zone, the bacteria being suitable for digesting the feed under aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic conditions. The contents of the digestion zone can be changed from aerobic operation to either anoxic or anaerobic operation, or vice versa, without changing the bacteria in the digestion zone.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and system for a compost system to reduce operator time, reduce power utilization, increase intensity of land use by the compost system, increase efficiency of biological activity in bulk material composted by the compost system, reduce odor production by the compost system, and to reuse water applied to and which may leach out of bulk material. The compost system may comprise an aerated pad, a pivot arm attached to a center of the aerated pad, and a control module. The aerated pad may receive a bulk material to be composted into a compost product. The aerated pad may comprise an air nozzle and a drain to direct water from the bulk material to a water collection system. The pivot arm may deposit the bulk material on the aerated pad. The control module may manage a temperature inside the bulk material using the air nozzle.

Abstract: A method for vermicomposting includes providing an underground cell comprising a bottom, sidewalls and an open top, layering a base bedding layer at the bottom of the underground cell, layering a bottom organic waste layer on the base bedding layer, layering a stack of one (1) or more intermediate bedding layers and one (1) or more one or more intermediate organic waste layers, alternating between an intermediate bedding layer and an intermediate organic waste layer, on the bottom organic waste layer to partially form a compost heap, layering a top bedding layer on a top organic waste layer of the stack of the intermediate bedding layers and the intermediate organic waste layers to form the compost heap, watering the compost heap at a predetermined watering cycle, introducing worms to the compost heap, aerating the compost heap at a predetermined aeration cycle, and harvesting compost from the compost heap.

Abstract: A process for oxidative biostabilization of citrus pulp, comprising the following steps: feeding an amount of fresh citrus pulp, mixing said amount of fresh pulp with an amount of partially biostabilized pulp, setting the reaction mixture in a first open-chamber reactor (3) for oxidative biostabilization in air, causing the mixture to advance along said reactor (3) guaranteeing the homogeneity thereof, blowing in air from beneath into said first reactor (3), and transferring a partial mass of the mixture from an area close to or downstream of the outlet end (6) to an area upstream of the mixer.

Abstract: Processes for manufacturing organic fertilizer products, such as liquid and solid organic fertilizer, from animal manure are disclosed, together with the fertilizer products produced therefrom.

Abstract: A system for digesting biodigestible feed that preferably includes the steps of comminuting the feed, introducing feed, an oxygen-containing gas, an accelerant, and bacteria into a digestion zone, the bacteria being suitable for digesting the feed under aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic conditions. The contents of the digestion zone can be changed from aerobic operation to either anoxic or anaerobic operation, or vice versa, without changing the bacteria in the digestion zone.

Abstract: A method enhancing biological digestion of wastewater sludge is provided. The method uses chlorine dioxide to accelerate and improve the efficiency of aerobic or anaerobic digestion.

Abstract: Processes for manufacturing organic fertilizer products, such as liquid and solid organic fertilizer, from animal manure are disclosed, together with the fertilizer products produced therefrom.

Abstract: WonderJuice is a plant growth stimulator solution. The solution stimulation enhances the ability for plant root-hair uptake systems to transmit and absorb the abundance of nutrients in the solution to be available for optimal growth and plant production.

Abstract: A composting system for promoting aerobic microbial activity in a composting bed. The system includes at least one composting bay for receiving composting material and an agitator for aerating and displacing composting material as it travels through the composting bay. Compost produced by the system is used in place of traditional woody amendment material for mixing with incoming material to be composted.

Abstract: A method for making a soil remediation product using dehydrated and decontaminated manure and a method for providing a time release of nutrients and water to turf and plants in the soil. Further, a method form making a soil remediation product using vulcanized rice hulls.

Abstract: A process of preparing a microbe digested liquid plant nutrient containing metabolites, amino acids and polypeptides, comprising the steps of partial composting of animal effluent solids; adding the partially composted animal effluent to a vessel containing water and held in suspension; the aqueous dispersion is thoroughly aerated for up to 4 days. Solids and liquids are subsequently removed from the metabolic reactor, separated and used as plant nutrients.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for assisting hygienization of organic waste. The apparatus comprises at least one reception means for receiving organic solid matter and organic waste, mixing means for mixing the organic waste and the organic solid matter together into an organic mixture, selecting means for selecting whether to expose the organic mixture in the mixing means to either: aeration in order to create a homogenized and internally oxygenous organic mixture, thereby accelerating the hygienization of the organic mixture, or a heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment performs the hygienization of the organic mixture, or to neither the aeration nor the heat treatment. The mixing means may then expose the organic mixture to the aeration, or to the heat treatment, or to neither of the aeration nor the heat treatment on the basis of the selection. The apparatus may further comprise delivery means for passing the organic mixture to either aerobic biodegradation or an end user.

Abstract: A bio-chamber and a method of making organic fertilizer from poultry manure. The bio-chamber has a chamber body that defines a receiving chamber and an aeration chamber. The aeration chamber underlies the receiving chamber and is divided therefrom by a partition. The partition has a plurality of holes formed therein. An oxygen probe and a temperature probe are positioned inside the receiving chamber. An air blower is connected to the aeration chamber and is operable to blow air therein. The method comprises: mixing the poultry manure with a carbon carrier; loading the mixture into the receiving chamber; monitoring the temperature and the oxygen concentration of the mixture; aerating the mixture; and regulating the temperature and the oxygen concentration by adjusting the operation of the air blower. The temperature and oxygen concentration are regulated to provide conditions that permit aerobic bacteria to propagate and biodegrade the mixture.

Abstract: In one aspect, a system for the production of fertilizer from organic waste comprises a microbial digester configured to digest the organic waste, wherein the digestion of the organic waste produces a digestate having a liquids component and a solids component. A spray dryer module is provided for receiving the digestate and reducing moisture content in the digestate to produce a substantially dry fertilizer product. In further aspects, methods and fertilizer compositions are provided.

Abstract: A method of producing a low-dust, fire retardant cellulose fiber material useful in producing insulation and other such products is provided. A liquid, comprising a solvent and at least one fire-retarding material soluble in that solvent, is applied to a cellulose source material, and the liquid is allowed to permeate into the cellulose source material. The liquid permeated material is dried to remove the solvent while the fire-retardant material remains in the cellulose source material. The dried fire-retardant cellulose source material is reduced in size and then de-dusted to produce a low to no dust, fire-retardant cellulose fiber material that has functionally equivalent fire-retardant properties as the dried fire-retardant cellulose source material before de-dusting.

Abstract: A method for sorting and comprehensively utilizing municipal solid waste includes steps of: 1) feeding the municipal solid waste into a feeding tank through a feeding inlet, then outputting into a breaking device; 2) breaking refuse bags and large blocks by the breaking device; 3) transporting broken refuse into a two-stage roller screen for screening out dusts with a particle size of less than 3 mm, and hanging strips; and 4) transporting mixed refuse screened by the two-stage screen into a vibrating screen; screening oversize products by a heavy winnowing machine for separating inorganic blocks, large plastics and paper; transporting underflow products into a two-room multi-functional winnowing machine for dividing into heavy materials, light materials and medium materials. By effectively combining sorting devices, effective sorting and reutilization of mixed refuse are achieved.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for forming a fertilizer based on fish by decomposing or grinding fish parts into a fish paste; depositing the fish paste into a tank; injecting air into the tank to form bubbles to agitate the fish paste and to accelerate decomposition of the fish paste; and fermenting the fish paste to form the fertilizer.

Abstract: (EN)The invention relates to the preparation of doped plant complexes by a process of fermenting a compost CP in particular of straw and of horse manure fermented for 3-6 days, with coverage by a special carbonated plant complex CVC. A doped or overdoped plant complex is obtained that has a very high concentration in particular of humic acid nuclei, mycorrhizae, and fixed gases (nitrogen, carbon), having an extremely improved biological activity with an application in the improvement of methanization, up to 200-350%.

Abstract: Composting Appliances are useful in reducing waste.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for biomass digestion and products formed thereof. The products include one or more biogases, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classified Class A Biosolids, and pathogen reduced organic liquid fertilizer. Through the digestion of waste materials using sequential phases in an efficient digestion process, enhanced biomass conversion efficiency and improved output of products (in quantity and/or quality) are obtained with a significant reduction in dwell time in each phase.

Abstract: A process of preparing a microbe digested liquid plant nutrient containing metabolites, amino acids and polypeptides, comprising the steps of partial composting of animal effluent solids; adding the partially composted animal effluent to a vessel containing water and held in suspension; the aqueous dispersion is thoroughly aerated for up to 4 days. Solids and liquids are subsequently removed from the metabolic reactor, separated and used as plant nutrients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating organic waste, which comprises the step of contacting an organic waste with one or more microorganisms from at least three of the following microorganism species: Bacillus sp. microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. microorganisms and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, the contacting being undertaken under conditions to at least partly convert the organic waste to organic fertilizer.

Abstract: The present application relates to systems and methods for processing organic material. The methods may include extraction of biochemical nutrients from organic material, such as food scraps. The method can include comminuting the organic material to form a slurry from components comprising liquid and organic material; combining the slurry with microorganisms, such as a yeast, under aerobic conditions to form a mixture of the slurry and yeast; aerating the mixture; and forming a biomass and a nutrient-rich broth, in which the biochemical nutrients are stabilized and anabolized. The systems may, in some embodiments, be configured to perform the methods of processing organic materials.

Abstract: An organic soil amendment comprises a live aerobic culture of beneficial microorganisms, comprising beneficial bacteria and fungi, and additives and plant extracts. The present invention also provides a method for producing an organic soil amendment by extracting beneficial microorganism at least in part from a compost comprising green and brown plant waste, and is free of manure. The extracted beneficial microorganism is amplified, while additional beneficial microorganism maybe added. Plant extracts and other additives are added to the live beneficial microorganism culture. The present invention further provides a method for storing and transporting the organic soil amendment at a reduced temperature, such as refrigeration, freezing, or lyophilizing. In addition, the present invention provides a method for maintaining the viability of the organic soil amendment in a ready to use form.

Abstract: A bio-chamber and a method of making organic fertilizer from poultry manure. The bio-chamber has a chamber body that defines a receiving chamber and an aeration chamber. The aeration chamber underlies the receiving chamber and is divided therefrom by a partition. The partition has a plurality of holes formed therein. An oxygen probe and a temperature probe are positioned inside the receiving chamber. An air blower is connected to the aeration chamber and is operable to blow air therein. The method comprises: mixing the poultry manure with a carbon carrier; loading the mixture into the receiving chamber; monitoring the temperature and the oxygen concentration of the mixture; aerating the mixture; and regulating the temperature and the oxygen concentration by adjusting the operation of the air blower. The temperature and oxygen concentration are regulated to provide conditions that permit aerobic bacteria to propagate and biodegrade the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new resource processing method of kitchen waste, in particular, provides a method of preparing biochemical humic acid from kitchen waste and biochemical humic acid product prepared therefrom. The kitchen waste treated by technical solution of the present invention has a high conversion rate of organic matter, reaching over 90%. Meanwhile, the biochemical humic acid product prepared by the invention is nutritious, the amount of the total humic acid, free humic acid and water soluble humic acid in the product reach up to 38-42%, 35-40% and 14-16%, respectively; it contains not only the major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also the trace elements such as zinc, iron and manganese as well as other active substances. Thus the product is suitable for fertilizer in agricultural production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for producing electric power and fertiliser. The method comprises the steps of: (a) combusting biomass to produce energy for the generation of electric power and an exhaust gas; (b) producing a liquor from compounds extracted from the exhaust gas; and (c) producing a fertiliser by composting organic materials in the presence of the liquor.

Abstract: The method of the present disclosure includes providing an organic compost material, combining the organic compost material with a crop to be grown, heating the organic compost material, combining the organic compost material with water, and extracting an aqueous liquid comprising humic acid and fulvic acid. The organic compost material may include straw and manure and the straw and manure may be subjected to several days and/or weeks of aerobic composting. The crop may include a variety of plants, trees, vegetables, fruits and fungi. In one embodiment, the crop may include mushroom spores, mycelia, or mushrooms.

Abstract: Techniques and tools reduce pH drift downward in growth media triggered by plant growth or ammoniated fertilizers. Methods and compositions provide growing media with buffering potential to prevent pH drifts in the growing media. A compost composition has a buffering potential against pH changes. A carbonate index test provides information on a buffering potential of a compost composition. A growing medium includes a compost composition with a buffering potential to provide a stable pH that is conducive to plant growth in the growing medium.

Abstract: Described herein is a mineral-releasing compost prepared by combining a prebiotic material, a probiotic material, and one or more mineral gluconate salts to form a composting mixture, controlling composting conditions to allow for the composting mixture to decompose, and allowing the composting mixture to fully stabilize and mature, wherein the compost includes one or more minerals as digested products of the respective mineral gluconate salts. The mineral-releasing compost is particularly suitable for remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals and for amendment of soil deficient of certain minerals.

Abstract: A method for creating Class A compost for sale to the public from waste products, especially municipal sewage, involving lower expense and improved versatility over prior methods.

Abstract: Organic fertilizer is produced through composting natural lignocellulose material and liquid wastes especially from livestock production, which has a content of minimum 35% dry matter, minimum 25 weight % of organic material, minimum 20 weight % of humus and minimum 1.5 weight % of nitrogen. The organic fertilizer is produced by spraying sorbent material with waste water, that is livestock waste water or food industry waste water or water cleaning plant sludges. The waste water contains a minimum of 20% weight of livestock waste water, which is homogenized with agent, which includes materials based on starch derivates or cellulose derivates, which increase thixotrophy and surface tension of this waste water and separators, which prevent creation of clusters and increase solubility of starch or cellulose derivates. Sorbent material with waste water is mixed, aerated and decomposed by aerobic bacterial activity in at least four cycles.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and products for biomass digestion, which includes the production of biogas, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classified Class A Biosolids, and pathogen reduced organic liquid fertilizer. Through the digestion of waste materials using sequential phases in an efficient digestion process, enhanced biomass conversion efficiency and improved output of products (in quantity and/or quality) are obtained with a significant reduction in dwell time in each phase.

Abstract: A method of making food-based compost includes mulching food to a predetermined maximum size, mixing mulched food with a filler to create a compost pre-mixture, periodically aerating the compost pre-mixture, and waiting a composting period until compost is formed from the compost pre-mixture. The compost does not include animal-based products.