Abstract: A process is described for producing forged ring articles from high strength, high temperature materials such as superalloys and titanium alloys. The material to be forged is conditioned and placed into a condition of low strength and high ductility. This starting material is then back extruded to produce a cup. The cup can be sliced into rings in which can thereafter be final forged to a particular contour.

Abstract: In a process for measuring the equilibrium moisture in hygroscopic, laminar material coated on both sides, preferably in raw paper coated on both sides used as support for a photographic paper, by determining the relative moisture of the air in contact with the material, samples are removed from the material by a process which forms cut surfaces on the material and are introduced into a container which can be sealed off against the outer atmosphere, and after establishment of the equilibrium moisture in this container the relative moisture of the air contained therein is measured.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dividing metal logs into billets is disclosed. The apparatus includes a furnace, a shear spaced from the furnace, and a guide-pusher system for moving the logs relative to the furnace and shear. Using this apparatus, a first log is cut into a plurality of billets each having a predetermined length. As a result, the remaining end of the first log will be unacceptably short. Instead of discarding this portion, it is selectively divided to form the first part of a combination, two-part billet. The second part of the two-part billet is severed from the end of a second log to be processed in the apparatus. As a result, a two-part billet is produced from materials which would normally be discarded, thereby resulting in considerable cost savings.

Abstract: A compressor includes a housing to which a cylinder and head structure is adjustably mounted by means of an adjustable spacer. By adjusting the compression on the head structure during assembly, the head clearance of the compressor piston is adjusted for a desired operating characteristic. In a preferred embodiment the compressor includes an extruded housing as well as other major components.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and an apparatus for lubricated forward extrusion of metals and alloys with radial forward removal of an outer shell or sheath. The method according to the invention consists of forming a gap in the form of a plane or slightly truncated cone-shaped circular outer ring having a constant thickness (j) and span (h) and open to the atmosphere between the end of the container adjacent to its bore and the assembly of extrusion tools situated opposite thereto. To facilitate the formation and especially the extraction of the outer shell, the extrusion apparatus comprises several knives situated in the above described gap, having their cutting edge directed towards the axis of the container and dividing the outer shell into as many "petals" in the course of extrusion.

Abstract: Pressurized fluid, pressurized in excess of the yield strength of a billet or rod, is communicated to the exterior of a piercing punch during piercing of the billet or rod to produce tubing, the pressurized fluid is provided to the exterior of the piercing punch during piercing to provide forced lubrication between the piercing punch and the billet or rod to reduce friction therebetween; such communication of pressurized fluid is also for causing self-centering of the piercing punch with respect to the billet or rod during piercing to produce tubing of uniform wall thickness.

Abstract: Installation for preparing metal billets for extrusion, comprising a furnace (1) heating a metal bloom (4), having an elongate receptacle (10), means of heating the bloom and means (3) of pushing the bloom out of the receptacle along a longitudinal axis of movement, and a shear (2) cutting the bloom into billets of a length suitable for extrusion, comprising a pair of rear jaws (5) mounted in a fixed frame (21) and at least one front jaw (65) mounted so as to slide, transversely relative to the axis of movement of the bloom, along the rear jaws (5) and on the opposite site to the furnace (1) and associated with means (66) of controlling, as a result of sliding, the shearing of a specific length of the bloom (4).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing integrated manifolds for heat exchangers include providing hollow shape with a plurality of individual risers each having a substantially solid cross-section. Subsequently, the risers are reshaped by means of a reverse impact extrusion process into hollow risers. Finally, by perforating the wall of the hollow shape under the hollow risers, apertures are provided constituting inlets connecting the cavity of the hollow shape with the individual hollow risers.

Abstract: The method relates to the manufacture of a piston. This piston comprises a head and a stem extending transversely with respect to the head. A profiled element in bar form is first taken, the profile of which envelops that of the piston. This profiled element is cut up into slices, the width of each slice being at least equal to the maximum diameter of the piston, and the material of the profiled element slice which extends relatively beyond the desired profile for the piston is removed by machining. The method is particularly useful for manufacturing remote-controlled actuators for valves.

Abstract: A rotary head for use in an apparatus for forming a stranded wire, the apparatus including an inner rotating body rotating about a predetermined axis, an outer rotating body surrounding the inner rotating body to define an annular space between the two bodies, which rotate about the same axis, and a guide member provided at a first end portion of the annular space to guide wire stock. The rotary head is located at a second end portion of the annular space, has cutters and rotates in a predetermined direction, and also has plural pairs of projections extending on the outer rotating body side of the annular space and the inner rotating body side thereof, with a predetermined gap therebetween, the cutters being provided in the vicinity of the gap.

Abstract: The pelletizer comprises a chamber having a first side and a second side coupled to an extruder. A shaft extends through the first side into the chamber, a rotatable cutter assembly is mounted to the end of the shaft in the chamber and a die assembly is mounted at the second side of the chamber and has a die face facing into the chamber. The cutter assembly is positioned for rotation adjacent the die face. A prime mover is coupled to the shaft for rotating the cutter assembly. Plastic material is extruded through holes in the die assembly into the chamber as the cutter assembly is rotated to cut plastic streams coming out of the die assembly into pellets. A position control assembly automatically controls the position of the cutter assembly adjacent the die face. The cutter assembly has a plurality of cutting blades mounted thereon.

Abstract: This invention teaches a method of cutting a narrow slot in an extrusion die with an electrical discharge machine by first drilling spaced holes at the ends of where the slot will be, whereby the oil can flow through the holes and slot to flush the material eroded away as the slot is being cut. The invention further teaches a method of extruding a very thin ribbon of solid highly reactive material such as lithium or sodium through the die in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, argon or the like as in a glovebox. The invention further teaches a method of stamping out sample discs from the ribbon and of packaging each disc by sandwiching it between two aluminum sheets and cold welding the sheets together along an annular seam beyond the outer periphery of the disc. This provides a sample of high purity reactive material that can have a long shelf life.

Abstract: An extruded section bar member for use as a vertical support in furniture, particularly in industrial and office furniture, comprising a cross section corresponding to an elongated rectangle with rounded edges and including T-grooves recessed into its long sides for receiving fastening elements.

Abstract: A billet scalper including a die assembly with a scalping die, a pressing mechanism with a stem member in axial alignment with the scalping die for pressing a billet thereinto, and a chip ejector located around the circumference of the scalping die and movable axially back and forth beyond a free end face of the scalping die to remove chips therefrom. The die assembly including the scalping die is movable between a position at the center of the scalper and an outer receded position to permit easy maintenance and service of the die assembly including replacements and cleaning of scalping dies. In a preferred form, the scalper is constructed integrally with an extrusion press to perform the billet scalping operation in timed relation with the extruding operation to shorten the time of press cycle.

Abstract: A pull-back type indirect extrusion press is designed so that the scalping of billets can be effected inside the press independently of extrusion cycles and the scalped billet is allowed to stand by in a billet extrusion standby space which is provided with a heating element to heat the standby billet to maintain the same at a required temperature and into which a billet oxidation-preventive gas is admitted to prevent oxidation of the standby billet.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for removing a metal collar from the lower portion of the piston of a metal extrusion press which may be attached to the press. A pivotally mounted frame has a portion which can be moved toward and away from the piston while it is retracted from the metal container and the frame carries two cutting knives and two divaricating members disposed alternately around the piston axis. Each knife and each divaricating means is movable parallel to the axis of the piston and radially outwardly of the piston by a pair of pivotally interconnected fluid-actuable, cylinder and piston assemblies. The frame may also carry apparatus for loading container sealing discs on the press metal container and may be in the form of a cage with an openable side.

Abstract: A planar material to be press-formed is confined in a space having a contour corresponding to the outer contour of the flange part of an article to be produced and is pressed between a punch member having a through hole corresponding to the outer contour of the hollow main part of the article and another die member holding slidably a mandrel having an outer contour corresponding to the inner contour of the internal bore of the hollow article, the mandrel being simultaneously projected into the through hole of the first member. By the pressing action, the peripheral part of the material is formed into the flange part of the article while an inward flow of the material is caused, thereby elevating the surface of the material in the through hole of the punch member and forming a recess in the opposite side surface of the material. The mandrel is projected simultaneously with said pressing action, whereby topless hat-shaped product is easily formed by one step.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing extrusion profiles of a desired length, including the steps of processing a billet of preselected billet length in a press, measuring the extruded length during the extrusion process, and either switching off the extrusion process upon reaching the desired extruded length and varying the billet length such as to obtain the optimum butt thickness, or switching off the extrusion process upon reaching the minimum permissible butt thickness and enlarging the billet length such as to obtain the desired extrusion length. The apparatus for performing the method includes a billet hot shearing unit which has an adjustable longitudinal feed stop and cuts the billets to length. The billets are supplied to, and are processed in, a press in which a first length recorder measures the butt thickness and from which the extruded profile is drawn out by an extrusion drawing unit. A second length recorder measures the extrusion length.

Abstract: A dieless method of hot forming a hole through a metal part comprising locally heating the part followed by indenting opposite sides of the part and extruding the displaced metal centrally of the indentations to form a thin annular wall section between the indentations and then punching out the thin wall section to complete formation of the hole.

Abstract: A process and device allows long as-cast billets to be extruded, with the help of a container which is divided into at least two segments which can be opened and closed radially with respect to the main axis. In the closed position, the segments grip the part of the billet inside the container and, as a result of a relative movement between a die mounted on a hollow stem, the said die is forced into a length of the billet inside the container as a result of which at least one section is extruded. On opening the segments, the billet is advanced to fill the container again whereupon the segments close, clamping onto the billet, and the extrusion sequence is repeated.

Abstract: Heat transfer elements are made by forming a plurality of tubes extending in side-by-side relation with connector means holding adjacent tubes together, cutting and outwardly projecting surface portions of the tubes to form fins, and then severing the connector means to divide the plurality of tubes into individual heat transfer elements.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing heat transfer tubes for use in evaporators and coolers for freezers, air conditioning units, refrigerators, and the like, with close machining tolerances. It forms cavities, with small openings communicating them with the outside, on the inside of a tube, through three steps of forming a multiplicity of alternate grooves and ribs in parallel on the inner surface of the tube, forming cuts in the concentrically directed crests of the ribs, and then forcing the crests sidewise so that the crest of each rib is bent down onto an intermediate part of the adjacent rib to form a cavity in between.

Abstract: A device for extruding ingots, in particular for extruding light metal ingots through a shaping die placed downstream of the ingot, is provided with a scalping facility for removing an outer layer of the ingot immediately prior to extrusion. The said scalping facility is made up of a plurality of blades or similar scalping facilities which together form a scalping ring and can be moved radially with respect to the direction of extrusion, and can be released from the ingot.

Abstract: A bar or section of uniform cross section, preferably of aluminum alloy, is cut to required lengths to provide blanks which can be used as caster frames with a minimum of machining. The caster frame consists essentially of a first portion defining a hollow space extending vertically therethrough for rotatably receiving a connector rod or pin by which the caster is to be attached to a desired article, and a second portion for supporting the axle of a wheel or wheels. Numerous modifications are possible.

Abstract: Large, heavy-duty, seamless high-pressure resistant ferrous-metal welding necks and other substantially thick-walled cylindrical articles are forged in such manner as to obtain greatly improved quality, dimensionally, metallurgically and otherwise, by the use in sequence of a certain combination of metal-forging elements; which includes a vertically disposed cylindrical female forging die member provided at its bottom with a removable disc and a surrounding circular forging kinfe; an annular metal-working and metal-displacing ring having an external diameter which is slightly less than the bore of the cylindrical female forging die member; a metal-working and metal-displacing disc which interfits with the annular metal-working and metal-displacing ring; a first round forging press follower of a diameter which is adequate to entirely cover the metal-working and metal-displacing disc and a substantial portion of the annular metal-working and metal-displacing ring; a second round forging press follower of a diam

Abstract: A tape, which includes a number of parallel-extending, elongated wires of substantially circular cross-section, is formed by subjecting an elongated workpiece to two stages of deformation. In a first stage, the workpiece acquires an intermediate structure, in the form of a tape composed of a number of parallel-extending elongated elements, each having a cross-section which preferably includes a pair of diametrically opposed, substantially circular, arcuate portions. The cross-section of each elongated element also includes a non-circular, junction region converging toward the adjacent lateral edge of each adjacent elongated element. Each pair of adjacent elongated elements in the intermediate structure is joined together along the adjacent lateral edges, by two such junction regions, one included in each of the elongated elements of the pair. The contacting junction regions preferably meet one another along flat surfaces at approximately ninety degree angles.

Abstract: Pump bodies are formed by cutting sections from hollow drawn or extruded stock.