Abstract: Wakeboat ballast pump systems and methods are provided to monitor the operational condition and parameters of wakeboat ballast components. Systems and methods for sensing and measurement are provided to detect parameters associated with wakeboat ballast pumps and compartments, including systems and methods that can economically retrofit into existing wakeboat ballast systems. Systems and methods are also provided to enable automated action based on various operational conditions and parameters to improve the safety, automation, performance, convenience, and marketing advantage of wakeboat ballast pumps.

Abstract: A lever bender includes a first handle pivotally attached to a second handle. The first handle includes a forming mandrel around which a pipe is bent and a stop member for receiving and substantially holding the pipe in place prior to bending. The second handle includes a forming head that engages and bends the pipe around the forming mandrel. The stop member includes a pipe-engaging member that receives a pipe and a locking member adjacent to the pipe-engaging member. The locking member includes a retaining member moveable between a projecting position where the retaining member secures the pipe between the pipe-engaging member and the locking member and a retracted position permitting a pipe to either be received within the pipe-engaging member or removed from the pipe-engaging member.

Abstract: An apparatus and associated method for bending a metal conduit. A structural framework defines an elongated rectangular planar layout surface sized to continuously contact the metal conduit in support while making a bend mark on the metal conduit. A coordinate reference measures a placement of the bend mark on the metal conduit. A grooved bending shoe is mounted to the framework and configured to bend the metal conduit.

Abstract: A device for bending sheet material comprises a receiving plate and a forming plate defining or connectable to one another so as to define therebetween a receiving slot of fixed dimensions. A bending plate is pivotally connected to the receiving plate. The bending plate has an upper surface substantially in a common plane with an upper surface of the receiving plate. The forming plate comprises a first side surface extending along an open end of the receiving slot and forming a first acute angle with a first major surface of the forming plate. The bending plate has a range of pivotal motion of greater than 90°.

Abstract: A method produces a bent part by two- or three-dimensional bending of an elongate workpiece, in particular a wire or tube, in a bending process wherein at least one portion of the workpiece is moved into an initial position in the region of engagement of a bending tool by one or more feed operations by the coordinated activation of the movements of driven machine axes of a bending machine numerically controlled by a control device and is formed by bending in at least one bending operation with the aid of a bending tool. The movements of the driven machine axes are generated according to a movement profile predeterminable by the control device of the bending machine and include at least one oscillation-relevant movement leading to an oscillation of the free end portion of the bent part. During an oscillation-relevant movement, a compensating movement, reducing the generation of oscillation and/or damping the oscillation, a machine axis is generated in at least one compensation time interval.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the shape of a surgical linking device that is to be attached to a bony body structure such as the spinal column based on digitized locations of a plurality of attachment elements engaged to the bony structure. The method is implemented by a computer system through a GUI to generate an initial bend curve to mate with the plurality of attachment elements. The initial bend curve may be simplified based on user input to the GUI to reduce the number of bends necessary to produce a well-fitting linking device and may be altered to help obtain the goals of the surgery.

Abstract: A rebar bending device for bending rebar. The device features a base plate and a rotator plate pivotally attached to the top of the base plate. A top plate is attached atop the rotator plate. A first pin extends from the base plate through the rotator plate and through the top plate. The rotator plate can rotate about the first pin with respect to the base plate and top plate. An arc-shaped slots are disposed in the top plate, which is adapted to receive a dial pin that is anchored to the rotator plate. A dial is marked atop the top plate (the second marker plate). A second pin is disposed on the top of the top plate near the first pin and a third pin is disposed on the top of the rotator plate.

Abstract: A bending device for rod-shaped workpieces having a bending head with a mandrel rotatable about a rotation axis, a cutting device for cutting the respective workpiece in a cutting plane, and a feed and straightening device for feeding the workpieces to the bending head, the cutting device capable of being moved along a travel path in the feed direction of the workpieces, with the bending head capable of being shifted between an operating position in which it is moved towards the workpiece and an inactive end position remote therefrom, the bending head, in order to assume its operating position, can be moved into the travel path of the cutting device, whereas, when assuming its inactive end position, it is positioned outside the travel path of the cutting device, and, when the bending head is situated in its inactive end position, the cutting device can be moved downstream on its travel path at least partly over the area of the operating position of the bending head.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a notch pressing device for a crash box of a vehicle. The notch pressing device for a crash box of a vehicle includes a lower fixing plate, an upper fixing plate mounted to the lower fixing plate by a plurality of posts, a core rotating unit that selectively rotates a core where the crash box is put and is disposed to one end of the lower fixing plate, a supporting unit that is connected to a moving die for selectively supporting a lower portion of an end of the core and that is disposed to a side of the lower fixing plate, and a forming unit which is connected to a punch, which selectively pushes the crash box put to the core for forming the notch, and that is disposed to the upper fixing plate.

Abstract: Vise pliers with duck bill jaws and a brake attached thereto, having utility as a vise pliers tool and/or as a handheld sheet metal brake.

Abstract: It is difficult to bend materials for forming beyond 180° in terms of bend angle due to the entrant nature of prior press forming arrangements including a press tool with a press recess of a static nature. By providing a press recess which is formed from actuators allowed to dynamically shift about a deflection member it is possible as a press tool engages and forces a material to be formed into the press recess to envelope the press tool and therefore achieve greater than 180° bending angles. The actuators are formed in a stack with alternate left right presentation of shaped receiving apertures which include an actuator surface 34 engaged by the material to be formed in order to cause the necessary deflections during the pressing process.

Abstract: Improved slide lock apparatus used in bending apparatus to bend stock to an acute angle. A hydraulic cylinder with a ram extendable under hydraulic pressure provides the bending power. The ram automatically retracts a slide from an first outward location when hydraulic pressure is removed to a second inward location for two separate bends to achieve an acute angle bend. This improved slide lock prevents any possible injury to the operator by covering a stop arranged to prevent the slide from moving outward a greater distance then the first outward location.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a bending press for bending the boundary edge of a planar sheet for shaping into an open seam tube, with an upper tool shaped to correspond to the bend radius to be achieved and an opposed lower tool which may be displaced vertically, between which the boundary edges of the sheet which is clamped in place in the press frame may be bent into the desired boundary contour. The lower tool is provided with a straight working surface and mounted to pivot about a rotational axis whereby the pivot range is at least so large that a permanent planar contact between the working surface of the lower tool and the bottom face of the boundary edge is possible during the bending.

Abstract: A system and method for reconfiguring an airfoil of a turbine vane segment. In at least one embodiment, the system may be used to straighten an airfoil of a turbine vane segment to remove lean, twist, or racking, or any combination thereof. The airfoil may be straightened by applying a load to an inner shroud in a direction that is generally tangential to an outer shroud of the turbine vane segment. Orifices may be cut into the airfoil suction side, inboard of the outer shroud, to facilitate the straightening process. The orifices may be sealed upon completion of the process.

Abstract: A system for folding a ribbon stock, the system including: a transferring unit; a guide member having a passage for guiding the ribbon stock, the passage defining a longitudinal axis; a folding means supported to revolve and move in a direction substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis for applying a force against the ribbon stock passing through the guide member; a driving means; a supporting frame; a fixing body having a predetermined length and a guide entrance operatively connected with the guide member, wherein ends of the fixing body are rotatably fixed to the supporting frame, the fixing body having a guide slot formed therein for insertably receiving the folding means; and a pair of rotary bodies rotatably connected to the ends of the fixing body for revolving the folding means, the pair of rotary bodies configured to insertably receive the folding means.

Abstract: The invention is a rebar bender that is installed in the trailer hitch of a vehicle and used to bend rebar (up to #5) at any angle and length. The rebar is bent using this tool and the strength of the person bending the rebar.

Abstract: Precision-folded, high strength, fatigue-resistant structures and a sheet therefore are disclosed. To form the structures, methods for precision bending of a sheet of material along a bend line and a sheet of material formed with bending strap-defining structures, such as slits or grooves, are disclosed. Methods include steps of designing and then separately forming longitudinally extending slits or grooves through the sheet of material in axially spaced relation to produce precise bending of the sheet when bent along the bend line. The bending straps have a configuration and orientation which increases their strength and fatigue resistance, and most preferably slits or arcs are used which causes edges to be engaged and supported on faces of the sheet material on opposite sides of the slits or arcs. The edge-to-face contact produces bending along a virtual fulcrum position in superimposed relation to the bend line.

Abstract: end; a first steel pin for pivotally connecting the rotator plate to the base plate, a handle disposed on the second end of the rotator plate; a second measurement plate fixedly attached to the first measurement plate and the rotator plate; a second steel pin disposed on the second measurement plate; a third steel pin disposed on the rotator plate; wherein the rebar can be positioned in between the first, second, and third steel pins; wherein a user can bend the rebar by rotating the rotator plate via the handle.

Abstract: A high-strength hot bend pipe which has a balance between an excellent strength of at least X70 grade and toughness and which has excellent tensile properties and a weld metal with excellent low temperature toughness is manufactured. A UOE steel pipe having a base metal with a composition of C: 0.03-0.12%, Si: 0.05-0.50%, Mn: 1.4-2.2%, S: at most 0.01%, Al: at most 0.06%, N: at most 0.008%, and a remainder of Fe and impurities, with the carbon equivalent (Ceq) being at most 0.36% and the weld cracking parameter (Pcm) being at most 0.22%, and having a weld metal with a weld cracking parameter (Pcm) of at most 0.28%, a B content of at most 5 ppm, and an O content of at most 280 ppm is heated to a temperature range of 900-1100° C. and subjected to bending, and then is immediately cooled to a temperature range of 300° C. or lower at a cooling rate of at least 3° C./sec, and then is tempered in a temperature range of 300-500° C.

Abstract: A semi-automated method for manufacturing a woodworker's holdfast tool from an unheated length of mild steel rod includes forging a flattened contact surface at one end of the rod and subsequently bending the rod upwardly away from the contact surface and forming the crook portion in an automated wire forming machine configured to exceed the desired working angle during cold forming of the crook portion to account for the resilience of the rod when the bending force is removed.

Abstract: Apparatus for bending stock to an acute angle. A hydraulic cylinder with a ram extendable under hydraulic pressure provides the bending power. The ram automatically retracts from an extended position when hydraulic pressure is removed. One end of an apparatus supporting arm consists of a slide bar. The slide bar end of the arm is secured to a support with the opposite end pivotably mounting a forming die and a lever. The lever pivotably mounts a forming roller. The lever carries the forming roller around the die and bend stock secured to the die around the die. A slide is slideably attached to the slide bar. The cylinder and ram are pivotably attached extending between the slide and the lever.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bending device for bending in a locking plate of a rotor of a turbine, by means of which a reliable fastening of the locking plate is carried out. The bending device comprises a mounting which has two sections, the first section of which is inserted into the groove of the rotor, and the second section of which, with the mounting inserted in the groove, projects from this groove. By means of a lever, which is rotatably mounted on the second section, the locking plate can be reliably bent over for securing a bolt against loss.

Abstract: A tube bender comprising a mandrel, a forming member connected to the mandrel for coaction with the mandrel to effectuate bending of a tube wherein the forming member has at least two bending positions defined thereon, a handle pivotally connected to said forming member, and a release member movable relative to said handle and configured to be secured in a locked position relative to said forming member when said handle is selectively moved to any of one said at least two bending positions thereby preventing relative movement between said handle and said forming member. The release member enables an operator to move the release member to an unlocked position to permit such operator to move the handle relative to the forming member between the at least two bending positions.

Abstract: A step-by-step bending machine has a first movable bending member, a second cooperating adjustably fixed bending member, and a third central positionally fixed bending member on an opposite side of a plate to be bent from the first and second members and positioned between the first and second members. The second and third members hold the plate while the first member bends the plate against the third central member. The second member is positionally adjustable to accommodate thickness of the plate. The first member is positioned by cooperating pairs of positioning rams and is moved against the plate by parallel main rams.

Abstract: An improved tubing bender of the type having a mounting base, a mandrel mounted upon the mounting base and having a tube recess, and a tube retainer mounted upon the mounting base. It is improved by the tube retainer being mounted upon the mounting base by a snap-lock journal.

Abstract: The manual pipe bender has a stationary handle, a head, a bending die, a bending lever, and a bending handle. The stationary handle has a distal end, and the head is attached to the stationary handle. The bending die has a bending surface and multiple ratchet teeth. The bending lever attaches the bending die rotatably to the head. The bending handle is attached to and rotates the bending die around the head and has a drive bracket that engages a selected ratchet tooth on the bending die to keep the handles from crossing. Consequently, bending acute angles in pipes is convenient.

Abstract: An apparatus to form bends in a substantially rectangular metal frame. The substantially rectangular metal frame is selectively positioned in an elongated radius bend jig. The elongated radius bend jig has a pivotally connected mandrel that has an inverted J-shaped die formed at one end. The mandrel is actuated and the inverted J-shaped die engages the substantially rectangular metal frame causing an indentation in the substantially rectangular metal frame. The process of die stamping the substantially rectangular metal frame is continued until a selected radius is formed in the frame.

Abstract: A tube bender comprising a mandrel, a forming member connected to the mandrel for coaction with the mandrel to effectuate bending of a tube wherein the forming member has at least two bending positions defined thereon, a handle pivotally connected to said forming member, and a release member movable relative to said handle and configured to be secured in a locked position relative to said forming member when said handle is selectively moved to any of one said at least two bending positions thereby preventing relative movement between said handle and said forming member. The release member enables an operator to move the release member to an unlocked position to permit such operator to move the handle relative to the forming member between the at least two bending positions.

Abstract: A pipe bending system for bending a length of pipe, using a pair of bending assemblies, each bending assembly having a hub having a central shaft having an outer circumference and a central shaft, and a roller assembly mounted for orbital movement around the outer circumference under the power of a motor. The roller assembly has a roller whereby the length of pipe is placed between the roller and outer circumference. When the roller assembly is moved around the hub, the pipe is bent to follow the outer circumference. The bending assemblies are mounted in proximity to each other to create complex bends in the pipe.

Abstract: A bending assembly on a bending machine for the bending of rod and/or bar-shaped workpieces (8) includes a bending tool (10) and a bending drive unit (11) with a swivel arm (21) and a bending-drive motor (22). The bending tool (10) has at least one workpiece thrust block (12, 13), and the swivel arm (21) has at least one thrust pad (17, 18). The bending-drive motor (22) rotates the swivel arm (21) with the thrust pad (17, 18) around a bending axis (14) that extends in the transverse direction of the workpiece. The workpiece is bent when the thrust pad (17, 18) forces it against and around the associated workpiece thrust block (12, 13). The shaft of the bending drive motor (22) extends parallel to the bending axis (14), and both ends of the shaft are drive-connected to the swivel arm (21).

Abstract: A bending tool is disclosed for bending rebar, rod, pipe, tubing and/or any other suitable material, comprising: at least one base, and; at least one lever-handle further comprising a user-end and a pivot-end and; a pivotal means for connecting the base and the pivot-end of the lever-handle with rotational freedom, and; a means for bending disposed on the pivot-end of the lever-handle. Optionally, a pre-measure base and protractor or angle indicator may be also used. The lever-handle may be removed and used independently as a pry-bar to reposition protruding rebar from hardened concrete in the wrong location and for other prying-type uses.

Abstract: A bending apparatus is especially adapted for mounting to a vise to hold the bending apparatus in an aligned position so that the bending apparatus may impart a desired angle bend on a workpiece. The bending apparatus includes an orienting member with a cross-sectional shape to complement the shape of the vice jaws. The bending apparatus when secured in the vise jaws is oriented horizontally or vertically, thus enabling the bending apparatus to precisely create horizontal and vertical bends in a workpiece. Bends may be created in succession without requiring a user to continually adjust the orientation of the workpiece or the bending apparatus itself.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plate material processing machine with a bending function which enables even a bending piece with two or more bending portions to be bent and which enables materials to be bend so as to have different bending directions, dimensions, angles, or the like using the same tools. An upper tool 21 and a lower tool 22 are provided which fix a plate material W by sandwiching it between themselves. An upper tool-side bending tool 23 and a lower tool-side bending tool 24 are provided on sides of the upper tool 21 and lower tool 22, respectively, so as to elevate and lower freely. The upper tool-side bending tool 23 and the lower tool-side bending tool 24 perform elevating and lowering operations relative to the upper tool 21 and the lower tool 22 to bend a plate material piece Wa of a plate material W sandwiched between the upper tool 21 and the lower tool 22.

Abstract: A digitally controlled machine for bending, forming, or curving raw parts, such as rods, wires or profiled sections, comprises a conventional main frame (1) and a rotating bending head capable of bending articles in different planes. The rod (4) is horizontally displaced along a transport axis (5) by a feed station, located upstream, and is brought through a bending shank (7) borne by the main frame (1). The rod is then brought through a lathe (10) of the bending head. The lathe is formed by a bending roll (8) and a folding pin (9), and is capable of rotating in a horizontal plane about an axis of rotation aligned with the axis of the bending roll (8). The bending shank (7) is movably mounted in translation in a transport axis (5) and is continuously displaced between one or more projecting bending positions wherein the shank is proximate to the roll (8) and one or more retracted positions, facing upstream, which completely clear the bending zone between the lathe and the main frame.

Abstract: A bending apparatus for a long material comprises: supporting device for supporting a long material in cantilever fashion at least in a bending direction; bending device which nips the material at an input point apart from the supporting device and is rotated by a predetermined angle so as to bend the material between the supporting device and the input point; driving device for rotating the bending device; feeding device for moving the material toward the bending device and setting a position of the material; and moving device which sets up a separation distance between the supporting device and the bending device prior to bending of the material and allows the supporting device and the bending device to move relatively during the bending of the material.

Abstract: A tube bender comprising a mandrel, a forming member connected to the mandrel for coaction with the mandrel to effectuate at least 180 degree bending of a tube wherein the forming member has at least two bending positions defined thereon, a handle pivotally connected to the forming member, a release member movable relative to the handle wherein the release member is associated with the handle, and engagement means for securing the release member in a locked position relative to the forming member when the handle is selectively moved to any of one the at least two bending positions thereby preventing relative movement between the handle and the forming member. The release member enables an operator to move the release member to an unlocked position to permit such operator to move the handle relative to the forming member between the at least two bending positions.

Abstract: An apparatus for bending pipes comprising a bending unit and a bending finger as well as with an infeed unit and a unit for holding and moving the pipe that is to be bent. The bending unit comprises two symmetrically located bending dies, each of which has an annular groove open on the outside, between which the pipe is inserted during the bending operation. The bending finger is pivoted on a pivoted support and the axes of rotation of the support and the bending finger are parallel to each other.

Abstract: A combination cable cutter and bender includes a pair of arms each terminating at one end in a cutting blade pivotally mounted to form a cutting jaw, a first guide mounted on the pivot, a second guide spaced from the pivot on one of the pair of arms, an offset plate attached to the other arm supporting a third guide more distal from the pivot than the second guide, whereupon spreading the arms apart, a straight section of cable for bending is positionable between the first and second guide on one side and the third guide on the other side and closing the arms together bends the cable to the desired degree.

Abstract: A tube bender including a mandrel component having an arcuately curved recess of at least 180 degrees is disclosed. An anchor connected to the mandrel for securing a tube in the recess. A tube former is rotatably connected to the mandrel. The former has a tube engaging surface for engaging a surface of a tube disposed in and in engagement with the recess. The former and recess are positioned to engage opposite sides of a positioned tube. The mandrel and former are relatively rotatable about an axis that is coaxial with a groove axis. A mandrel handle is connected to the mandrel and a tube former handle is connected to the former. The former handle is rotatable between 90 degree and 180 degree bend positions relative to the former selectively to provide good leverage for 90 degree bends and over 90 degree bends.

Abstract: There is provided means for bending a small diameter metal pipe capable of accurately finishing all of bending operation by a single bender even when a linear length of a pipe distal end portion is short. A method of bending a small diameter metal pipe for chucking one end of the small diameter metal pipe to be worked, setting a working direction and carrying out bending operation from a front end side of other end to the one end, characterized in that bending operation of one step or several steps is carried out previously from a pipe distal end of the one end, a portion subjected to the bending operation is chucked and bending operation is successively carried out from the front end side of the other end toward the one end subjected to the bending operation under the state.

Abstract: A rebar bender/cutter is disclosed for shaping and cutting rebar. The device includes a horizontal base having a connecting flange and supporting flange extending vertically therefrom. An arm receiving cam is rotatably engageable to the connecting flange and is has a plurality of arm receiving apertures formed therein for being alternately engageable to the arm. A bearing cam is engageable to the arm receiving cam and includes a bearing surface for abutting against the rebar. An urging member and supporting roller are provided to abut against an opposing surface of the rebar. Upon movement of the arm, the urging member bends the rebar as the bearing member translates through an arc to define the rebar curve diameter.

Abstract: A bending apparatus for a long material comprises: supporting device for supporting a long material in cantilever fashion at least in a bending direction; bending device which nips the material at an input point apart from the supporting device and is rotated by a predetermined angle so as to bend the material between the supporting device and the input point; driving device for rotating the bending device; feeding device for moving the material toward the bending device and setting a position of the material; and moving device which sets up a separation distance between the supporting device and the bending device prior to bending of the material and allows the supporting device and the bending device to move relatively during the bending of the material.

Abstract: An apparatus for bending a cutting blade rule includes: a guide having a guide passage formed therein for transferring said cutting blade rule in a lengthwise direction; a first rotary body located at an upper position adjacently to a head of said guide; a second rotary body located at a lower position adjacently to a head of said guide and oppositely to said upper position; a first bending member supported by a hole formed on said first rotary body; a second bending member supported by a hole formed on said second rotary body, said second bending member being opposite to said first bending member in a substantial perpendicular direction to said lengthwise direction; a drive means for driving said first and second rotary bodies; and linear drive means for linearly moving said first and second bending members respectively.

Abstract: A wire bending device includes an upright frame and a wire feed hopper for dispensing wire rods. A wire bending section is mounted on the frame, and at least one transport arm is pivotally mounted on the frame, the transport arm operative to transport wire rods from the hopper to the wire bending section. The wire bending section includes a wire securernent device mounted on the frame, the rotatable wire securement device operative to secure one end of a wire rod and rotate the wire rod about its longitudinal central axis and a wire bending unit movably mounted on this frame. The wire bending unit includes a wire bend head aligned with the center longitudinal axis of the rotatable wire securement device, the wire bending unit adapted to move on the frame such that the wire bend head remains aligned with the center longitudinal axis of the rotatable wire securement device.

Abstract: A pipe bending apparatus is disclosed for bending pipe sections, particularly pipe sections of the type used in pipelines. The apparatus allows rapid clamping of the pipe section at reduced pressure via hydraulic fluid regeneration, while providing full hydraulic force for pipe section bending.

Abstract: A device for forming a cutting blade for prints is disclosed. The device of this invention forms cutting blades by appropriately bending and cutting a metal strip into desired blades through integrated work regardless of a difference in the size of metal strips. The device is also provided with changeable jigs, thus being capable of forming bridge notches having different intervals, widths and configurations. The device has one vertically movable bending pin and one swing cutter. The bending pin is capable of quickly bending a metal strip into a desired configuration, while the swing cutter finely and precisely cuts the metal strip into cutting blades. The device also quickly produces high precision cutting blades, thus improving productivity and reducing the cost of the cutting blades.

Abstract: A method of bending a bar into a sinusoidal configuration. The method employs a bending machine comprising a table having a fixed central post defining a slot for receipt of the bar, a turntable positioned rotatably around the post, a pair of bending pins on the turntable, and a pair of abutment pins on the table radially outwardly of the turntable. With the front end of the bar clamped fixedly and the bending machine positioned at the rear end of the bar, the turntable is rotated to place a compound bend in the bar utilizing a first bending pin and a first abutment pin whereafter the bending machine is moved forwardly along the bar to a first indexed location at which the turntable is rotated in an opposite direction to place a reverse compound bend in the bar utilizing the second bending pin and the second abutment pin.

Abstract: A rod bending device includes an L-shaped bracket formed by a mounting plate adjoined to a support plate at a substantially 90.degree. angle. The bracket is mounted to an outwardly extending corner wall whereby an outer surface of the support plate aligns with one of the intersecting corner walls. A bending assembly is mounted to the support plate and includes a pivot support block and corner block which extend outwardly from the support plate and which are spaced from and parallel to one another forming a rod retaining cavity therebetween. The corner block having a corner edge which forms the fulcrum about which the rod is bent. An end block extends between the corner block and the pivot support block to enclose the rod retaining cavity. A gap is formed between an upper portion of the pivot support block and the support plate for receiving a pivot arm. The pivot arm is pivotally secured within the gap.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mounting, inspecting, and adjusting probe card needles used during testing of fabricated circuits. A build wafer, comprised of build and scrub target patterns, is used to mount and re-work probe needle assemblies onto a probe card. Each build target is composed of a hard material that is resistant to probe needle scratching, and is offset a preset distance from the position of the bonding pads on the actual wafer to be tested. Each scrub target is composed of a soft material that is easily disturbed by the probe needle's scrubbing action. By counting the number of lines broken or cut by a probe needle's scrub mark, the approximate length and width of the scrub mark may be ascertained. An adjustment tool is designed to fit snugly around the untapered, thickest portion of the probe needle. The tool is rotated along the axis of the probe needle shaft, allowing the technician to "tweak" the probe needle either up or down.

Abstract: An automatic hydraulic system 10 for the actuation of the bending beds 101, 102 hinge plate 103 and pin up plate 104 of a pipe bending apparatus. The hydraulic system 10 includes a hydraulic control circuit unit 14 that controls the operation of a pin up hydraulic ram unit 11, a bending bed hydraulic ram unit 12, and a hinge plate hydraulic ram unit 13 in response to a pair of adjustable detent main control valves 81, 82 and a sequence valve 66, and adjustable hydraulic relief valve 59.