Abstract: A controller node in a network implementing software defined networking (SDN) proactively detects network overload conditions in a target node and subsequently prevents the conditions from developing by launching a new virtual network node. The detection and prevention are based on the determination of a probability of failure of the target node as a weighted function of information from the target node and probabilities of failure of related nodes.

Abstract: A press die includes die blocks placed on a base and aligned in a frame. A wedge is located between the frame and one of the die blocks. The wedge produces a wedge effect of bringing the die blocks to an aligned and fixed state. A spacer is located between the base and the wedge to set the extent of the wedge effect to a predetermined level.

Abstract: An extrusion die is provided with a male die through which a billet is extruded from an upstream side to a downstream side and, the male die adapted for forming an inside shape of a hollow material; and a female die for holding the male die and forming an outside shape of the hollow material. The male die is formed of a spider and a holder for holding the spider. The spider is formed of a mandrel and a plurality of bridge parts for supporting the mandrel, and enabling a distal-end outer peripheral surface to engage with a bridge-holding surface. The distal-end outer peripheral surface of each of the bridge parts and the bridge-holding surface of the holder are joined by shrink-fitting.

Abstract: A flashing bender system for bending flashing at a selectable range of angles. The flashing bender system includes a first bending tool and a second bending tool. The first bending tool is arranged to bend flashing to an angle of about 90° and the second bending tool is arranged to bend flashing at a selectable range of pitches. The flashing bender system may include either or both of the first bending tool and the second bending tool. The flashing bender system allows a user to bend flashing of a range of sizes at a range of angles over an unlimited length. Each of the bending tools includes a plurality of starter slots and angling channels.

Abstract: A swager machine and die includes a base with a product holder assembly mounted thereon for linear reciprocating movement between a start and a finished position along an axis of movement. A disc is rotatably mounted on the base and has a swaging die mounted thereon. The swaging die defines a die cavity having an open and a closed position. The die cavity has a longitudinal axis coaxial with an axis of rotation of the disc and coaxial with the axis of movement of the product holder assembly. A hub assembly is rotatably mounted on the disc for relative rotation between the hub assembly and the disc. The hub assembly includes actuating apparatus positioned to engage a portion of the swaging die and move the swaging die from the open to the closed position during relative rotation of the hub assembly and the disc.

Abstract: A coaxial connector crimping tool has a base, a handle, a transmittal unit and a crimping area. The base has a containment slot, and the containment slot has a guiding structure. One end of the handle is pivoted on an end of the base. Two ends of the transmittal unit are respectively pivoted on a first predetermined position of the guiding structure and a second predetermined position of the handle, and the transmittal unit has an adjustable length. The transmittal unit has an adjustable portion, and the adjustable portion is disposed between the first predetermined position and the second predetermined position. The crimping area is pivoted on the transmittal unit and disposed in the containment slot.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catalyst, a catalyst precursor, or a catalyst support comprising: (a) mixing a refractory metal oxide or precursor thereof with a liquid to form a paste; (b) adding said paste to an extruder, the extruder having a die plate comprising one or more dies, each die having a plurality of apertures, the outlet of each aperture having a cross sectional area of 6 mm2 or less; (c) extruding the paste through the apertures to form catalyst support extrudates; wherein the inlet of the apertures has a greater cross sectional area than the outlet of said apertures; and wherein for at least one die the combined cross sectional area of all apertures at the inlet relative to the total cross sectional area of the die at the inlet is higher than 50%.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing lithium or lithium alloy anodes for electrochemical cells by an extrusion process wherein a lithium or lithium alloy ingot is formed into a thin sheet. The method is adapted to extrude thin sheet having a width exceeding the diameter of the lithium or lithium alloy ingot and enables the extrusion of lithium or lithium alloy thin sheets with more than one lithium or lithium alloy ingot. The invention also provides a die assembly adapted to allow adjustment and fine tuning of a die aperture while the extrusion process of a lithium or lithium alloy ingot is being carried out.

Abstract: A continuous shear deformation apparatus comprises: a roller for pushing a metal sheet to be processed into dies; the dies having an inlet for introducing a metal sheet, a shear deformation zone for shear-deforming the sheet, and an exit; and a control unit for controlling a gap of the dies exit depending on the compressive stress generated at the metal sheet while the metal sheet passes through the shear deformation zone of the dies. The compressive stress generated at the metal sheet becomes constant when the metal sheet is shear-deformed, and thereby the thickness of the metal sheet is uniformly controlled in a longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A stencil-like plate with angled shapes cut through the plate surface. The plate is adapted to having a piece of flashing inserted perpendicularly into one of the angled shapes and pulled through the plate. A resulting elongated bend angle is formed in the pliable flashing strip.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device and a method for continuous pressing of a plastically deformable blank into a three-dimensional section with a predetermined cross-sectional area, comprising a substantially cylindrical, fixed die, an opening formed in the die, through which the plastic blank is intended to be pressed, and at least one rotary die arranged adjacent to the opening, the rotary die having one or more recesses in its peripheral surface for forming the blank, during the rotation of the die, into at three-dimensional section with transverse sectional parts. According to the invention, the rotary die has a varying pitch radius as measured from the axis (C), which allows pressing of sections with varying cross section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an easy and cost effective process for extruding a tube having different intermediate sections in its longitudinal direction, and a die for forming a tube through this extrusion molding process. Tubes so formed may be used for a vehicle for example, particularly for the body frame of a motorcycle. The die for this extrusion molding process includes a fixed die and a movable variable die. The tube is formed by material extruded from an outflow passage which is formed by the superposition in the direction of extrusion of a fixed die hole and a variable die hole. The outflow passage has an opening for a tube wall for forming the wall of the tube, and openings for two intermediate walls for forming connecting walls in the inside space of the tube. The tube formed by this process is composed of a part having the connecting wall and a part having no connecting wall.

Abstract: A continuous extrusion machine has a chassis (1) supporting a wheel (2) for rotation by a motor. An endless groove (7) extends around the periphery of the wheel (2). A shoe (3) is mounted in the chassis (1) and has an enveloping surface shaped to closely envelop an arc of the wheel (2) periphery so that the groove (7) co-operates with the shoe (3) to form a passage. An abutment is mounted on the shoe (3) to extend into the passage at a downstream end. Tooling is mounted in the shoe (3) including a die such that a material such as aluminium or copper bar fed into the groove (7) is extruded through the die as a consequence of the energy transfer via friction from the rotating wheel (2). A gap (12) exists between the enveloping surface and the wheel (2). The gap (12) is used to provide the orifice of a sonic gap (12) sensor whereby the size of the gap (12) can be accurately and directly measured.

Abstract: A forming tool for extrusion has a die (5), which has a forming cavity (6) having at least one critical reference value. The die (5) is surrounded by a biasing ring (8), which bears against it with radial pre-stress. The die (5) and the biasing ring (8) have tampered contact surfaces (11) and are displaceable relative to one another. The biasing ring (8) is surrounded by a reinforcement (9), which bears against it with radial pre-stress. The biasing ring (8) and the reinforcement (9) are mounted in a fixed position on a carrier (housing 1). The die (5) is displaceable relative to the carrier and capable of being locked, by locking means (15, 19) on the carrier, in positions that can be selected. By that means it is possible subsequently to carry out a fine adjustment of the critical reference value over a wide correction range.

Abstract: A process for extruding a section or the like from a billet, in which a billet is introduced into the bore of a container and, by an extrusion stem, is fed in the direction of extrusion into a shape-forming cross-sectional opening in a die. The billet material is pressed into a central inlet in the die and the resultant ductile mass fed outwards at an angle to the direction of extrusion through a plurality of channels to the shape-forming cross-section. The main load is applied by the extrusion force acting outside the central inlet and the shape-forming region and is preferably diverted outside the shape-forming region to the supporting die parts.

Abstract: A device for forming flashing, and a method for forming the same for adaptation to freeze boards. The present invention is a device for forming flashing comprising a plate with at least one groove cut through the plate. The groove in the plate has at least one angle changing the groove from a first direction to a second direction on the plate. The grooves may be organized in V-shape or Z-shape arrangements. Flashing is inserted into the groove, bending the sheet metal to take on the form of a similar shape to the groove. The flashing is then pulled through the device, creating a uniform bend along the length.

Abstract: A molded product with a variable cross sectional configuration in the longitudinal direction is subjected to extrusion molding by using a die set for extruding a molding with a variable section in a longitudinal direction, the die set comprising a first die 10 and a second die 11, the first die 10 and the second die 11 being relatively movably disposed along the web shaping-holes 16 and 28 and arranged in order in the extruding direction of a molding material such that a first extrusion hole 14 and a second extrusion hole 30 have web shaping-holes 16 and 28 communicated with each other and a flange portion shaping-hole 15 (27) of one of the dies is situated on the side of a flange portion communication hole 29 (17) of the other die, and relatively moving the first die 10 and the second die 11 while extruding the molding material towards the variable section extrusion die set.

Abstract: A die for the toolpack of a wall-ironing apparatus for forming metal cans is laterally displaceable for accommodating misalignment of the wall-ironing punch from its central axis. Restoring force to return the die to its own central position is provided by pneumatically operated biassing elements. For increasing the restoring force available, those biassing elements which are on the upstream side of lateral die movement are rendered ineffective on the die by engagement with stops located at the central die position. Usually, as described, the die is one of a pair of dies coupled for lateral movement together.

Abstract: An apparatus for tapering a tube having a frame, a tube receiving end connected to the frame, a variable-orifice die arranged so as to be movable relative to the frames, and an axial tension cylinder connected to the tube receiving end so as to apply tension forces to the tube. The variable-orifice die includes a stand having a housing and a plurality of die segments arranged within the housing. The die segments contain a circular groove of varying radius. The die segments define an orifice having an entry plane and an exit plane. The exit plane and the entry plane are offset from the plane of rotation of the die segments. The orifice is truly round in a plane parallel to and offset from the plane of rotation. A motion control processer is interactively connected with the die stand and with the axial tension cylinder for controlling a position of the axial tension cylinder relative to a rate of reduction of the diameter of the tube.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for cutting and shaping a spherical material, including an assembly consisting of a number of rotary polygonal members for forming and closing an opening at their center to pass the material through the opening and cut and shape it. Each of the members has curved sides that abut each other when the members close the opening. The first side has a convex surface, and the second side has a concave surface. Each member is associated with each other such that the tip of each member tracks the convex surface of an adjacent member and when the members close the opening, the convex surface engages the concave surface so that substantially spherical products bearing no uneven flower patterns on their outer cover can be produced without any interruption of the operation of the apparatus caused by powder burning and sticking to the polygonal members.

Abstract: Pultrusion apparatus and tongue-in-groove die is provided for the fabrication of thermoplastic tape containing long fiber reinforcement. The tongue-in-groove die includes a first mold half having a groove and a pair of protruding wall portions which form sidewalls for the groove, and a second mold half having a tongue to match the groove. The second mold half is juxtaposed with respect to the first mold half so as to define a wedge-shaped passage between the tongue and the groove which has an inlet and an outlet and which converges from the inlet to the outlet. The tongue-in-groove die further includes a mechanism for adjusting the inlet and outlet clearances between the tongue and groove at the inlet and outlet respectively.

Abstract: The invention solves the problem of working the details of complicated forms and of direct extrusion of material. A press is provided with movable, profiled jaws, a rigid system of guides for the jaws, and, connectors embedded in the jaws and coupled to a driver. The driver is aligned on the connectors which drive the jaws. The press can also include a mould being adjoined to the jaws.

Abstract: The invention relates to a feed-through element for application in a vacuum apparatus for the continuous feeding through of material with wire character to be treated at least made up of a casing and a sealing element set up therein that is in contact with the surface of the material with wire character during feeding through, whereby the sealing element is formed by a split drawing die (20), whereby the casing is formed by a holder (21;22) for the split drawing die (20), whereby the split drawing die (20) being set up with play inside the holder (21;22) and at least a resilient means (28) being inserted in the space between the drawing die (20) and the holder (21;22) and whereby a part of the holder (21;22) being connected in a gastight way to a partition wall of the vacuum apparatus (1).

Abstract: A pair of facing die sections, preferably constructed of machinable plastic, are biased toward one another and their central regions are spaced to form a shallow gap. Each die section is provided with a tapered folding chamber whose wide end is open at the upstream end of the die section. Each chamber communicates with the gap by means of a shallow slot that extends longitudinally, or in the direction of travel of a tape that is drawn through the gap. The edges of the tape enter the folding chambers as the central main section of the tape enters the upstream end of the gap. While the tape edges are in the chamber they are curled and directed through the slots into the gap. By the time the edges leave the chambers these edges are folded to lie flat against opposite sides of the main section of tape. Means are provided for adjusting the die sections to operate on different widths of tape and to produce desired widths for the folded edges.

Abstract: A tool pack assembly for the drawing and ironing of containers wherein the ironing and guiding dies are movably mounted for automatic centering thereof to regain axial realignment thereof with the axis of the provided punch should such disc shift from alignment. The assembly includes a redraw dye or ring to receive the blanked container and associated support and ram with the ironing dies being spaced therefrom for ironing of the container as the same is driven therepast by movement of the ram. Ironing dies are mounted for radial floatation within a housing, and biasing means are spaced peripherally thereabout to bring the ironing dies and guides into axial relationship with the ram. The assembly further includes a stripper die assembly for removal of the finally formed container which die is similarly radially floatable and similarly biased to bring the die into axial relationship with the container and container driving punch.

Abstract: A drawing and ironing assembly including a punch movable along a path having a plurality of spaced ironing die assemblies with the last of the ironing die assemblies having twin spaced lands, the diameter of the second twin land is slightly greater than the diameter of the first land to produce a very small amount of ironing.

Abstract: A die (10, 40) for extrusion of optical grade fibers includes an insert (12, 42) placed under compression within a sleeve (14, 44). Tapered surfaces (18, 20 & 48, 50) between the insert and the sleeve enable axial assembly of the components when the insert is forced within the sleeve. Lubrication and interlocking between the components comprise either general lubricant and an interlocking ring (30) residing within grooves (26, 28) in the tapered surfaces, or a metal (60) which provides first a lubrication during assembly of the components and then a metallurgical diffusion bond therebetween.

Abstract: A container for drawing or ironing dies is particularly useful but is not limited to can making. It includes an outer ring having an inwardly extending flange at one end and a disc secured to its other end so as to provide a peripheral space for receiving at least three segments which are resiliently urged against a die ring. The radial length of the slot is greater than the radial length of the segments so that the die ring can be displaced from the normal axis of the die pack. Means co-axial with the normal axis of the die limit inward movement of the segments.

Abstract: An improved mounting for ironing dies used in forming drawn and ironed metal articles, such as can bodies, at high speeds is disclosed. The support is formed of a metal ring having a plurality of fingers extending outwardly and axially from the ring. These fingers act as springs to allow the ironing dies, which are deflectably mounted on these fingers, to shift slightly in a direction generally perpendicular to their axes to accommodate off-centered cups which pass through the ironing dies to be formed into can bodies. The improved support is unaffected by the lubricant present in great amounts in the die cavities and on the cups so that the ironing die support will not deteriorate over time.

Abstract: A liquid pressure extrusion method and device for extruding a billet into a tube or tubular member wherein combined dies are used for extruding a solid billet therethrough under a liquid pressure.

Abstract: A container for drawing or ironing dies is particularly useful but is not limited to can making. It includes an outer ring having an inwardly extending flange at one end and a disc secured to its other end so as to provide a peripheral space for receiving at least three segments which are resiliently urged against a die ring. The radial length of the slot is greater than the radial length of the segments so that the die ring can be displaced from the normal axis of the die pack. Means co-axial with the normal axis of the die limit inward movement of the segments.

Abstract: A plurality of separate, elongated, metallic members, such as wires, are formed simultaneously, e.g., through the application of hydrostatic extrusion techniques, by passing a single metallic workpiece through a die with a plurality of apertures. The apertures extend longitudinally through the die from an entry wall of the die, and are so arrayed, and the die entry wall includes surfaces which are so configured, as to cooperate to create cross-shear stresses in the material of the workpiece in the vicinity of the apertures. These cross-shear stresses separate, or assist in separating, the workpiece into a plurality of elongated members, so that the forming process may take place at reduced operating pressures.

Abstract: A tape, which includes a number of parallel-extending, elongated wires of substantially circular cross-section, is formed by subjecting an elongated workpiece to two stages of deformation. In a first stage, the workpiece acquires an intermediate structure, in the form of a tape composed of a number of parallel-extending elongated elements, each having a cross-section which preferably includes a pair of diametrically opposed, substantially circular, arcuate portions. The cross-section of each elongated element also includes a non-circular, junction region converging toward the adjacent lateral edge of each adjacent elongated element. Each pair of adjacent elongated elements in the intermediate structure is joined together along the adjacent lateral edges, by two such junction regions, one included in each of the elongated elements of the pair. The contacting junction regions preferably meet one another along flat surfaces at approximately ninety degree angles.

Abstract: Multiple elongated products are formed simultaneously from a single workpiece, coated with a lubricant or other fluent material, by forcing the workpiece against and through a die having multiple apertures. The apertures are so arrayed as to permit a relatively free flow of the coating material to each of the die apertures, including one or more generally central apertures. Preferred aperture configurations include straight line arrays and shallow curves, such as shallow "S"-shaped curves. The workpiece may advantageously correspond in general shape to that of the configuration of apertures in the die through which it is to be forced.

Abstract: A die for extruding articles with a variable cross-sectional profile comprises two components which form a hole of the die. One said component is rigid, and the other is provided in the form of a movable member adjusted so that it can turn around its axis. The periphery of this member represents by itself a profiled surface. The design of such a die is sufficiently simple and reliable in operation and the die ensures manufacturing of articles with a cross-sectional profile changeable over on a wide range.

Abstract: Apparatus for deforming a workpiece so as to produce an elongated product, which product may be composed of one or more articles and has an overall cross-sectional shape differing from that of the workpiece, includes a specially configured extrusion die. The die provides a wall surface which converges toward an entrance end of one or more die apertures, the wall surface having a shape selected to build up pressure smoothly and substantially uniformly within the material of the workpiece as the workpiece is forced against the wall surface, such that substantially all of the material of the workpiece first attains the overall cross-sectional shape of the product in substantially the same cross-sectional plane of the die at the entrance end of the die aperture or apertures, and such that redundant work is minimized. Examples of such a die, and an exemplary method of extrusion to form such a product, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Die arrangement for use with conventional and hydrostatic extrusion presses consisting of a first die for providing a first extruded section of a billet and a second die cooperating with the first die to further extrude said first extruded section to final shape. Successive dies beyond the second die are contemplated to provide successive step-wise extrusion for greater reductions, especially of large billets. The method of the invention comprises step-wise incremental sequential extrusion of the billet and extruded portions of the billet until the final shape is achieved.

Abstract: An extrusion die for forming hollow bodies has a flow-adjusting ring which also defines the outer periphery of the flow gap for the outer portion of the body.

Abstract: Nuclear fuel rod cladding tubes are sized internally to diameters precisely fitting nuclear fuel pellets with which the tubes are charged, by externally applying hydraulic pressure to short lengths of each tube, the pressure being applied while the tube is stationary and the tube then moved to bring a new length within the hydraulic pressure zone. The volume of the hydraulic liquid used and the pressure applied to this liquid is such that the liquid is compressed slightly so that the length being sized yields, the expansion of the liquid then completing the sizing. The lengths being sized step-by-step are internally supported by either the fuel pellets or a mandrel having the same diameter as the pellets.

Abstract: A bundle of hexagonal billets, each billet being coated with a shear transmitting medium, is extruded through one form of die having a plurality of hexagonal die apertures, to produce simultaneously a plurality of individual hexagonal wires. The bundle may be extruded through another form of die having a single die aperture with a transverse cross-section registering with the transverse cross-section of the bundle, to produce simultaneously a plurality of individual hexagonal wires. In each case, the billet material is advanced against and through the die by means of frictional or viscous drag force exerted along the surface of the billet material toward the die. The foregoing operations may also be applied to drawing.

Abstract: Billet material is extruded through a die having a plurality of die apertures thereby to produce simultaneously a plurality of extruded products such as wire. In one embodiment, the die has a conical mouth with a first die aperture at the apex thereof and with a plurality of radially equispaced second die apertures located forwardly of the first die aperture, the second die apertures having bevelled entries at the inlet ends thereof communicating with the conical mouth. In another embodiment, the die has multiple aperture groupings arranged therein, each grouping having a central die aperture and a plurality of peripheral die apertures radially equispaced about the central die aperture.

Abstract: The tool pack is designed for mounting on a metal drawing machine or press, and includes a frame having a mounting slot for holding a cartridge that carrys a drawing die, the mounting slot having a right angle corner formed therein against which the cartridge is seated and removably secured by hydraulic clamping apparatus, whereby precise positioning of the cartridge is assured. The cartridge includes screw actuated fluid adjusters for precisely positioning the die in two directions, to secure accurate alignment. Mounted rearwardly of the cartridge is a stripper assembly including radially movable, pivoted jaws that are hydraulically extended and retracted to provide stripping action.

Abstract: A bundle of hexagonal billets, each billet being coated with a shear transmitting medium, is extruded through one form of die having a plurality of hexagonal die apertures, to produce simultaneously a plurality of individual hexagonal wires. The bundle may be extruded through another form of die having a single die aperture with a transverse cross-section registering with the transverse cross-section of the bundle, to produce simultaneously a plurality of individual hexagonal wires. In each case, the billet material is advanced against and through the die by means of frictional or viscous drag force exerted along the surface of the billet material toward the die. The foregoing operations may also be applied to drawing.