Abstract: Connector inserts having reliable contacts, as well as connector receptacles having improved magnetic circuits for use in electronic devices having a thin form factor. These and other examples can provide connector receptacles that can be easily aligned to an opening in an electronic device, as well as connector inserts and connector receptacles that can be readily manufactured.

Abstract: Provided is a hot dip aluminized steel material including a base steel and a hot-dip Al—Si-coated layer, wherein the surface layer of the base steel is provided with an Al-enriched layer in which 2 wt % to 20 wt % of Al is solid-solubilized, and an interface between the base steel and the hot-dip Al—Si-coated layer has a double-layer structured interfacial alloy layer having different hardnesses.

Abstract: A heat treatment furnace and a method for heat treatment of a steel sheet blank is disclosed having at least one furnace chamber and a transport system for conveying the steel sheet blanks through the furnace chamber. A preheating chamber, a metallurgical bonding path and a cooling chamber, wherein the steel sheet blank can be heated in the preheating chamber to a temperature of above 200° C. A method for the production of a hot-formed and press-quenched motor-vehicle part is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of simultaneously forming a contoured shoulder and neck portion on a closed end a metallic container are provided. More specifically, an apparatus and methods of forming a contoured shoulder and neck portion on a closed end of a metallic two-piece container are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a hot-rolled steel sheet in which a composition contains: in mass %, C: 0.01% to 0.2%; Si: 2.5% or less; Mn: 4.0% or less; P: 0.10% or less; S: 0.03% or less; Al: 0.001% to 2.0%; N: 0.01% or less; O: 0.01% or less; Ti: 0.01 to 0.30%; and the balance being composed of iron and impurities and a structure is composed of by volume fraction, 90% or more of tempered martensite with an average aspect ratio of 2 or less, or 90% or more in total of both tempered martensite and lower bainite.

Abstract: A hardening tool is disclosed for producing hardened profiled shaped articles from a sheet steel material, which hardening tool has at least two tool parts which are movable relative to one another and between which a heated sheet steel material which has been preformed into a profiled shaped article and is optionally finally formed and is cooled in a hardening process, wherein the hardening tool has a mold core which, during the hardening process, is arranged in a recess of the profiled shaped article, and wherein the mold core has at least one outlet opening for the pressurization of cooling medium from a cooling medium duct on the profiled shaped article.

Abstract: A quenched steel pipe member is formed of a GI galvanized steel pipe, in a middle section in a longitudinal direction of the GI galvanized steel pipe, a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction has a substantially V shape including a contact section at which opposite parts of an inner circumferential surface of the GI galvanized steel pipe come into contact with each other, the contact section is bonded using a Fe—Zn alloy phase, and a micro Vickers hardness at a location 50 ?m deep from a base material surface layer is 95% or more of a micro Vickers hardness at a location 200 ?m deep from the base material surface layer.

Abstract: A steel sheet for a hot stamping member contains, as a chemical composition, 0.10 mass % to 0.35 mass % of C; 0.01 mass % to 1.0 mass % of Si; 0.3 mass % to 2.3 mass % of Mn; 0.01 mass % to 0.5 mass % of Al; limited to 0.03 mass % or less of P; limited to 0.02 mass % or less of S; limited to 0.1 mass % or less of N; and a balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, in which a standard deviation of diameters of iron carbides which are contained in a region from a surface to a ¼ thickness position of the steel sheet is less than or equal to 0.8 ?m.

Abstract: A container, such as a beverage or food can is provided, which includes a first sidewall, a second sidewall and a bottom portion extending between the first and second sidewalls. The material of the bottom portion is stretched relative to the first sidewall and the second sidewall to form a thinned preselected profile, such as a dome. The material of the container at or about the dome has a substantially uniform thickness. The container is formed from a blank of material, which has a base gauge prior to being formed. After being formed, the material of the container at or about the dome has a thickness less than the base gauge. Tooling and a method for selectively forming a blank of material into a container, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An engine valve forging system includes a molding forging die having a circular hole stem molding portion continued to a tip end of a head type molding portion, to mold an engine valve by extrusion-forging a material from the head type molding portion to the stem molding portion by an upper die, and a stem guide forging die which is coaxially disposed to communicate with a tip end of the stem molding portion, and has a guide portion for a stem portion of an engine valve extruded from the stem molding portion, and a plurality of stem curve restraining portions having a shape gradually tapering toward a central shaft line from a rear end portion to a tip end portion are formed continuously along the central shaft line of the guide portion in the guide portion, to be capable of manufacturing high-precision engine valves with less stem curve.

Abstract: An indirect linear luminaire that produces a batwing photometric distribution. The luminaire includes a rectangular housing having a substantially rectangular chamber defined by two opposed bifold wings and a bi-concave door extending therebetween. A linear light engine emits light upwards towards the bi-concave door and bifold wings and the light is reflected off of the bifold wings and bi-concave door in a batwing distribution.

Abstract: A can or container reformed from an existing open ended can adds additional volume and integral thread portions to form a reclosable can. An existing can is inverted, drawn to increase the volume, an end wall pierced and reformed into an outwardly curled lip, thread portions formed along a perimeter portion of the can body adjacent a first end, and a new end seamed to the original open, second end of the can. A cap with thread lugs cooperates with the thread portions on the external perimeter of the reformed can to originally and subsequently reseal the can once the can has been opened.

Abstract: A rolled steel sheet is provided. The rolled steel sheet has a mechanical strength greater than or equal to 600 MPa and an elongation at fracture that is greater than or equal to 20%. A a method for its fabrication is also provided. The chemical composition of the steel sheet includes 0.10?C?0.30%, 6.0?Mn?15.0%, 6.0?Al?15.0%, and optionally one or more elements selected from among: Si?2.0%, Ti?0.2%, V?0.6% and Nb?0.3%. The remainder of the composition includes iron and the unavoidable impurities resulting from processing. The ratio of the weight of manganese to the weight of aluminum is such that Mn Al > 1.0 . The microstructure of the sheet includes ferrite, austenite and up to 5% Kappa precipitates in area fraction.

Abstract: A method of processing an alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may comprise spraying a metallic coating material onto at least a portion of a surface of the alloy workpiece to form a surface coating metallurgically bonded to the alloy workpiece. The surface coating may be more ductile than the alloy workpiece and reduces heat loss from the alloy workpiece.

Abstract: Cold-worked metal articles, methods of forming cold-worked metal articles, and methods of authenticating cold-worked metal articles are provided. In an embodiment, a cold-worked metal article includes a cold-worked metal-containing surface that defines pores. The cold-worked metal-containing surface includes luminescent phosphor particles disposed within the pores. The luminescent phosphor particles include a host crystal lattice material and at least one active ion that includes an absorbing ion and an emitting ion that is different from the absorbing ion. The luminescent phosphor particles are harder than the cold-worked metal-containing surface.

Abstract: Provided are a bending die having surface microstructures and a bending punch thereof applicable to stamping processing to bend a blank to form a shape. The bending die includes a lower die, an upper die, and a workpiece placing piece. The lower die includes a die, and the die includes a forming surface. The upper die includes a bending punch, the bending punch stamps a blank placed on the die in a back and forth stroke, and the bending punch includes a working portion coming into contact with the blank during stamping. The workpiece placing piece is disposed between the upper die and the lower die and used to position or/and press the blank placed on the die. A plurality of microstructures are disposed on the forming surface and/or on the surface of the working portion.

Abstract: A high strength hot rolled steel sheet with an excellent combination of tensile strength of at least 550 MPa and formability, including weight percent at most 0.15% of C, at most 0.5% of Si, between 0.5 and 2.0% of Mn, at most 0.06% of P, at most 0.008% of S, at most 0.1% of Al sol, at most 0.02% of N, between 0.02 and 0.45% of V, between 0.05 and 0.7% of Mo, optionally between 0.01 and 0.1% of Nb, balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the steel sheet has a precipitation strengthened and substantially single-phase ferritic microstructure, wherein the volume fraction of the ferrite phase in said microstructure is not lower than 97%, and wherein the precipitates in the microstructure comprise fine precipitates of composite carbides containing Mo and V and optionally Nb.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a shaped sheet-metal part from a panel or a semifinished part made of a material consisting of steel with at least 60 wt. % Fe and a residual austenite content of at least 5%, in which the panel or the semifinished part is at least partially cooled to a temperature below ?20° C. before the shaping and is shaped at a temperature below ?20° C. in a forming tool. The object of providing a method for producing load-compliantly configured components, which on the one hand permits industrial-scale use of low-temperature forming and is configured particularly simply, is achieved by reducing the material temperature of the panel or semifinished part to below ?20° C. is carried out in a thermally regulated cooling apparatus.

Abstract: A hot stamped high strength part which is excellent in post painting anticorrosion property, which hot stamped high strength part has an alloy plating layer including an Al—Fe intermetallic compound phase on the surface of the steel sheet. The alloy plating layer is comprised from phases of a plurality of intermetallic compounds, a mean linear intercept length of crystal grains of a phase containing Al: 40 to 65 mass % among the phases of the plurality of intermetallic compounds is 3 to 20 ?m, an average value of thickness of the Al—Fe alloy plating layer is 10 to 50 ?m, and a ratio of the average value of thickness to the standard deviation of thickness of the Al—Fe alloy plating layer satisfies the following relationship: 0<standard deviation of thickness/average value of thickness?0.15.

Abstract: Provided is an equipment system for producing a piercing-rolling plug to be used for producing a seamless steel tube/pipe, which includes a shotblasting device for applying shotblasting on a surface of the plug, and an arc-spraying device for performing arc-spraying of iron wires on a surface of a base metal of the plug to which the shotblasting is applied, so as to form a film containing oxide and Fe thereon. The arc-spraying device includes plural spraying booths each of which separately forms part of the film in turn in each of sections into which the surface of the base metal of the plug is divided along an axial direction of the plug. The production efficiency of the plug can therefore be maintained at a high level, and steady enhancement of the durability life of the plug can be realized during the piercing-rolling.

Abstract: A system and method of cladding a carbon steel piece with stainless steel according to which the carbon steel piece is cleaned, heated, coated with the stainless steel, and strengthened. In an exemplary embodiment, coating the carbon steel piece with the stainless steel includes melting the stainless steel, atomizing the melted stainless steel, and spraying the atomized stainless steel so that at least a portion of the atomized stainless steel is deposited on the carbon steel piece to thereby coat the carbon steel piece with the stainless steel.

Abstract: A method of forming a flat bar is provided. A tube is provided having an inside surface and an outside surface. The outside surface of the tube can be clad with a nickel or stainless alloy material. A helix shaped strip can be cut from the tube. The helix shaped strip can be uncoiled to form an uncoiled strip, and the uncoiled strip can be straightened and flattened to meet mill standards.

Abstract: A steel foil according to an aspect of the present invention includes, by mass %, C: 0.0001 to 0.02%; Si: 0.001 to 0.01%; Mn: 0.01 to 0.3%; P: 0.001 to 0.02%; S: 0.0001 to 0.01%; Al: 0.0005 to 0.1%; N: 0.0001 to 0.004%; and a balance consisting of Fe and impurities, wherein a thickness is 5 to 15 ?m, and a tensile strength is more than 900 MPa and 1.200 MPa or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing metal workpieces for cold forming by applying a lubricant layer either to a metal surface or to a metal surface which has been pre-coated with e.g., a conversion coating. The lubricant layer is formed by contacting the surface with an aqueous lubricant composition which has a content in at least one water soluble, water-containing or water-binding oxide or silicate and a content in organic polymer material, the organic polymer material used predominantly being monomers, oligomers, co-oligomers, polymers and copolymers based on ionomer, acrylic acid/methacrylic acid, epoxide, ethylene, propylene, styrene, urethane, the ester or salt thereof. The invention to the corresponding lubricant composition, to the lubricant layer produced thereof and to its use.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a method of remotely managing a vessel forming production line, the method comprising communicating from a remote data processing resource a plurality of consumer or event data to a controller, the controller controls a plurality of vessel forming stations having a plurality of shape forming operations and a plurality of non-shape forming operations, configuring each of the plurality of shape forming operations and the plurality of non-shape forming operations based in part on the plurality of consumer or event data to manufacture the shaped vessel, and manufacturing the shaped vessel. Other embodiments include completing a sales transaction resulting in generation of the plurality of consumer or event data, generating the plurality of consumer or event data based in part on the current status of an event, and decorating the shaped vessel based in part on the plurality of consumer or event data.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a bonding wire capable of maintaining a structure and a configuration thereof at the time of performing wire bonding; and a manufacturing method thereof. Provided is a bonding wire having a core member mainly composed of copper; and a palladium coating layer. Particularly, formed in a center of the core member is a fibrous structure with copper crystals extending in an axial direction.

Abstract: A clevis including: bridge portion; a neck portion extending from the bridge portion in a first axial direction; a threaded opening passing through the bridge and neck portions through which a longitudinal axis passes; and first and second folded sidewalls extending from the bridge portion in a second axial direction, opposite the first axial direction. The first side wall includes: a first portion at a first distance, in a radial direction orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, from the longitudinal axis; and a second portion at a second distance, in the radial direction, less than the first distance, from the longitudinal axis and including at least one hole. The second side wall includes: a third portion at the first distance, in the radial direction, from the longitudinal axis; and a fourth portion at the second distance, in the radial direction, from the longitudinal axis and including at least one hole.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a brass-plated steel wire in which improvement in the quality of the brass-plated steel wire and energy saving in the manufacturing process are balanced and a brass-plated steel wire obtained by the method. The method is a method for manufacturing a brass-plated steel wire comprising a plating process in which a steel wire rod is brass plated and a final wire drawing process in which the obtained brass-plated steel wire rod is subjected to a final drawing. The method includes a zinc oxide removing process in which the amount of zinc oxide on the surface of the brass-plated steel wire rod is made smaller than 50 mg/m2 before the final wire drawing process.

Abstract: Provided are a steel sheet for warm press forming that can have high strength, good elongation, and thus improved crashworthiness after being warm pressed, and a warm-pressed member formed of the steel sheet, and manufacturing methods thereof. The steel sheet for warm press forming includes, by weight %, C: 0.01% to 0.5%, Si: 3.0% or less (excluding 0%), Mn: 3% to 15%, P: 0.0001% to 0.1%, S: 0.0001% to 0.03%, Al: 3.0% or less (excluding 0%), N: 0.03% or less (excluding 0%), and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: In a method for producing a component by hot forming of a pre-product made of steel, the pre-product is heated to forming temperature and subsequently formed. The product is heated to a temperature below the AC1-transformation temperature and undergoes a strength increase prior to the heating by cold forming.

Abstract: A steel foil according to an aspect of the present invention includes a rolled steel foil; and a Ni having <111>//RD texture plated on an outermost layer of the rolled steel foil. Regarding the steel foil, a <111> pole density in an inverse pole figure of a rolling direction may be 3.0 or more and 6.0 or less.

Abstract: A system and method of cladding a carbon steel piece with stainless steel according to which the carbon steel piece is cleaned, heated, coated with the stainless steel, and strengthened. In an exemplary embodiment, coating the carbon steel piece with the stainless steel includes melting the stainless steel, atomizing the melted stainless steel, and spraying the atomized stainless steel so that at least a portion of the atomized stainless steel is deposited on the carbon steel piece to thereby coat the carbon steel piece with the stainless steel.

Abstract: A method of processing an alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may comprise spraying a metallic coating material onto at least a portion of a surface of the alloy workpiece to form a surface coating metallurgically bonded to the alloy workpiece. The surface coating may be more ductile than the alloy workpiece and reduces heat loss from the alloy workpiece.

Abstract: A method includes forming a plurality of metal posts. The plurality of metal posts is interconnected to form a metal-post row by weak portions between neighboring ones of the plurality of metal posts. The weak portions include a same metal as the plurality of metal posts. A majority of each of the plurality of metal posts is separated from respective neighboring ones of the plurality of metal posts. An end portion of each of the plurality of metal posts is plated with a metal. The plurality of metal posts is disposed into a metal post-storage. The method further includes retrieving one of the metal posts from a metal-post storage, and bonding the one of the metal posts on a metal pad.

Abstract: A guide wire for use in a medical procedure having a shapeable tip integral with and made from the distal end of a superelastic nitinol distal section of the guide wire, wherein the shapeable tip can be finger kinked. Such a guide wire includes an elongated core made from a superelastic nitinol alloy at the distal end, the distal end of the elongated core having a tapered section leading to a shapeable distal tip. The shapeable tip is an extension of the distal end of the nitinol distal section, and includes permanent strain hardening from at least two different radial directions imparting crystallographic texture in the radial directions that eliminate superelasticity so that permanent deformation can be achieved with finger pressure.

Abstract: A process is described in which non-structural galvanized steel studs are sequentially chemically treated with a permanganate coating to improve oxidation resistance, followed by treatment with a silicate coating sealant, optionally with zinc surface activation using an acid treatment.

Abstract: A clevis including a bridge portion, a cylindrically shaped neck formed from the bridge, and folded side walls extending from the bridge portion in a first direction. One side wall includes a first hole and a first surface parallel to a longitudinal axis. The other side wall includes a second hole and a second surface facing the first surface. The clevis includes a threaded opening, in the bridge and neck, aligned with the axis and a space formed by the bridge and side walls. The neck is formed from the bridge portion in the first direction or is formed from the bridge portion in a third direction, opposite the first direction. The material includes one only single piece of low carbon steel. The first and second surfaces are parallel to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-layer tool piece coating. For example, the tool piece may be a mold or die used for forming ultra high strength steel sheet. The multi-layer mold coating may include a CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer, a first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer, and a second TiAlCN/CrCN nano multilayer. The CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer may be coated on a base material of the tool piece (e.g., a mold) for forming the steel sheet. The first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer may be coated on the CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer as an intermediate layer. The second TiAlCN/CrCN nano multilayer may be coated on the first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer as an outermost surface functional layer, and may include carbon (C) of about 1 at. % to about 30 at. % for high temperature and low friction.

Abstract: A method of producing a hot press-formed member having good corrosion resistance comprises subjecting a zinc-based plated steel sheet to heat treatment by heating to a temperature region of 600-750° C. at a rate of temperature increase up to 600° C. of at most 50° C. per second followed by cooling to 550° C. or below to form a steel blank which has a zinc oxide layer in its uppermost surface portion and below it a zinc-iron alloy phase having an Fe content of at least 25 mass %. This steel blank is heated to a temperature of at least its Ac3 point, then press formed immediately at a temperature of at least its Ac3 point, and then rapidly cooled. The hot press-formed member has a surface region with zinc oxide and iron-zinc solid solution phases and not containing an intermetallic compound phase or a pure zinc phase.

Abstract: A Ni-plated steel sheet is provided in which the occurrence of scratches at the time of forming a battery can is suppressed. Also provided is a method which includes a step where a surface of a steel sheet is plated with Ni in a Ni adhesion amount of 0.3-2 ?m, a step where the Ni-plated steel sheet is heated to 600-800° C. to form an Fe?Ni diffusion layer as an outermost surface layer, and a step where the steel sheet is rolled by temper rolling so as to adjust the Fe?Ni diffusion layer so that the steel sheet has the surface roughness Ra of 0.9-2.0 ?m and the surface roughness Ry of 4.0-15 ?m. A Ni-plated steel sheet which includes an Fe?Ni diffusion layer as an outermost surface layer and in which the diffusion layer has the surface roughness Ra of 0.9-2.0 ?m and the surface roughness Ry of 4.0-15 ?m and the diffusion layer has such an Fe/Ni ratio that the Fe accounts for 20-50% in Auger analysis is subjected to drawing using a water-soluble liquid which contains water-soluble emersion as a press lubricant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making a hot stamped coated steel sheet product, comprising the steps of pre-coating a steel strip or sheet with aluminum—or aluminum alloy, cutting said pre-coated steel strip or sheet to obtain a pre-coated steel blank, heating the blank in a furnace preheated to a temperature and during a time defined by diagram according to thickness, at a heating rate Vc between 20 and 700° C. comprised between 4 and 12° C./s and at a heating rate Vc? between 500 and 700° C. comprised between 1.5 and 6° C./s, to obtain a heated blank; then transferring said heated blank to a die, hot stamping the heated blank in the die obtain a hot stamped steel sheet product, cooling at a mean rate Vr between the exit of the heated blank from the furnace, down to 400° C., of at least 30° C./s.

Abstract: A stamped metal optic is provided that is a unitary, or integrally formed, part that includes at least a bench for holding at least one optoelectronic component and a reflector for folding an optical pathway. The stamped metal optic is formed of a piece of metal that is shaped using known metal stamping techniques. The stamped metal optic preferably has at least one fiducial mark formed therein that is used for placement of the optoelectronic device on the bench to ensure that the optoelectronic device is precisely aligned with the reflector. Because metal objects can be formed relatively inexpensively with high precision using known stamping techniques, the stamped metal optics can be manufactured with high precision at relatively low cost.

Abstract: Problems associated with soot production and coking build up in nozzle spray passages are addressed by plating a bore wall of an injector body tip piece with a primarily nickel coating using an electroless plating technique. The coating has an average thickness that is at least one order of magnitude smaller than an average diameter of the bore.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to welding and, more specifically, to welding wires for arc welding, such as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW). In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a tubular welding wire includes disposing a core within a metallic sheath. Further, the core includes an organic stabilizer component, in which the organic stabilizer component is an alkali metal or alkali earth metal salt of an organic molecule or an organic polymer.

Abstract: A seamless composite metal tube comprises an inner layer (1) consisting of copper or a copper alloy, an outer layer (5) consisting of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, and at least three different intermediate intermetallic layers (2, 3, 4) each consisting of copper and aluminium, wherein the concentration of copper decreases from the inner layer (1) to the outer layer (5) in the radial direction of the tube.

Abstract: A handle assembly and related methods of use and manufacture. According to one embodiment, the handle assembly can include a mount that is configured to be secured to an object, such as a wall of a drawer. The mount can include a spine. The spine, in turn, can include a top surface. A ramp can extend from a first side of the mount, and a handle can extend from a second side of the mount.

Abstract: A hot stamped article has a component composition containing, in terms of % by mass, 0.002% to 0.1% of C, 0.01% to 0.5% of Si, 0.5% to 2.5% of Mn+Cr, 0.1% or less of P, 0.01% or less of S, 0.05% or less of t-Al, 0.005% or less of N, and 0.0005% to 0.004% of B which is optionally contained in a case where the Mn+Cr is 1.0% or more, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The hot stamped article has a microstructure composed of, in terms of an area ratio, 0% or more and less than 90% of martensite, 10% to 100% of bainite, and less than 0.5% of unavoidable inclusion structures, or a microstructure composed of, in terms of an area ratio, 99.5% to 100% of bainitic ferrite, and less than 0.5% of unavoidable inclusion structures.

Abstract: A manufacturing method is provided for a terminal (10) that has a board connecting portion (12) to be connected to a circular through hole (B1) formed to penetrate through a board (B). The manufacturing method includes a wire drawing step of manufacturing a wire material having a polygonal cross-section with obtuse interior angles by drawing the wire material through an opening of a wire drawing die, the opening having a polygonal shape with obtuse inner angles. The method then includes a surface processing step of applying a surface processing to the wire material, and a cutting step of cutting the wire material having the surface processing applied thereto to a specified length to form the terminal (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a sheet metal component. A hot or cold strip is electrolytically coated or coated in a smelting bath and the thus coated hot or cold strip is subjected to a flexible rolling process. During said process, sheet metal having various thicknesses of the flexibly rolled steel strips are produced due to various rolling pressures. Said invention is characterized in that in accordance with the thickness of the sheet metal after being rolled in a flexible manner or in accordance with the rolling pressure during flexible rolling, either the coating whilst being coated has various thicknesses, and in accordance with the rolling pressure with increasing rolling pressure that is expected, the thickness of the coating is thicker and/or the coating prior to or after the flexible rolling is subjected to a mechanical or chemical surface treatment for adjusting the desired emissivity or heat absorption capacity.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a bent metal member comprises supporting the outer surface of a tubular metal material having a Zn-Fe alloy coating layer at two locations spaced in the axial direction of the metal material. The metal material is fed in its axial direction and heated at a position between the two locations to a temperature range of at least the Ac3 point at a heating speed such that the rate of temperature increase is at least 3.0×102° C. per second, held so that the time for which the surface of the metal material is at a temperature of 8.0×102° C. or higher is at most 2 seconds, and then rapid cooled. A bending moment is imparted to the healed portion in two or three dimensions to manufacture a bent metal member having on its surface a Zn-based layer which contains an ?, phase.