Abstract: A method and apparatus for the reshaping of containers is described. A mold having at least three parts is used to hold the container blank. Pressurized air supplied to the cavity of the container causes it to expand to take on the shape of the mold chamber. Whilst this operation is taking place, the mold parts move towards each other under the action of pistons which load both ends of the mold and container, thus preventing longitudinal tension in the container wall. The mold parts are initially spaced from each other by gaps or split lines which are reduced by the movement of the mold parts towards each other but are never completely closed up.

Abstract: A frame member of rectangular cross section with rounded corners is formed by expansion of a tubular blank within a die cavity having an inner portion of corresponding cross section and an outer transition portion which is of smoothly continuously curved cross sectional profile elongated substantially parallel to the larger dimension of the rectangular section. An outer portion of the tubular blank is deformed to correspond with the continuously curved cross sectional profile and is sealed by a resiliently compressible sealing element of corresponding profile through which fluid pressure is applied in order to expand the blank. By matching the profile of the transition portion to the rectangular inner portion, the transition portion can be made shorter and considerable savings of materials and resources can be achieved.

Abstract: A method for forming and joining workpieces by a magnetic field produced by a current impulse applied through a high current loop, whereby the magnetic field exerts a force from outside on an electrically conducting workpiece or on electrically conducting compression rings encircling the workpiece, wherein the current impulse begins in the form of a half sine wave defined by the equation (.omega.t=0 . . . .pi.); and then fades away as defined by the equation (.omega.t>.pi. . . . .infin.).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for forming hollow stepped shafts of cold-formable metal by internal high pressure with the following steps: provision of a tube outlet section and filling it with fluid; sealing at least the tube section to be widened; application of a suitable high internal pressure for widening the tube section; calibration of the workpiece by applying a high calibration pressure; maintenance of the calibration pressure while heading the tube along the longitudinal axis. Internal tools, also spring-loaded tools, are provided as supports in the tool.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reshaping a container body (e.g., a metal, drawn and ironed container body) utilizing multiple fluids is disclosed. One fluid applies a generally low fluid pressure to the surface to be reshaped, while the other fluid applies a generally high fluid impact pressure to the surface to reform the same by changing its shape. In one embodiment, the interior of a drawn and ironed container body is pressurized with an appropriate gas (e.g., air) and a nozzle is introduced into the interior of the container body to apply a concentrated force to the interior surface of the container body with a high velocity liquid stream (e.g., water).

Abstract: Apparatus and method for mechanically and hydroform reconfigurating an elongated tubular workpiece in an elongated cavity between upper and lower tool subassemblies each composed of a plurality of independent tool segments movable axially, relative to the cavity axis, together or spaced from each other, and independently movable transversely of the cavity, usually vertically, in sequence, to grip the end portions of the workpiece while its ends are flared with tapered mandrels, and after the workpiece is filled with liquid, offset deform one workpiece portion while the tool segments are spaced apart and with axial infeed of workpiece material, then offset deform another portion with further axial infeed of workpiece material. Hydroforming pressure is then applied to partially expand the workpiece.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming a tubular heat-exchanger header includes a tool die having a chamber dimensioned to receive the header, the chamber conforming to an outer peripheral contour of the header. A plurality of guide passages are formed through the tool die for insertion of a corresponding number of punches. The guide passages expose the areas of the header to be pierced for forming the openings. The ends of the tubular header are each sealed with a stopper. Fluid is supplied into the header using a fluid supply through one of the stoppers and the pressure is raised to a predetermined internal pressure. While the pressure is maintained, the punches are passed through the guide passages to simultaneously pierce through the header wall to form the openings. The header thus formed has an inwardly directed rim around each opening, which rim sealingly bears against the periphery of the punch to maintain the pressure during piercing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for manufacturing T-pieces from an unbranched starting piece of pipe by means of internal high-pressure forming (IHF). For this purpose, the starting piece of pipe is placed in a two-part forming tool which gives the shape, can be opened and closed, surrounds the starting piece of pipe, and has a cutout corresponding to the desired shape of the T-shaped pipe branch. Placed in a sealing manner against the two open end faces of the inserted starting piece of pipe in each case is a plunger which is movable in the forming tool and can be pushed axially into the forming took in each case by a pressure cylinder. The interior of the starting piece of pipe is filled with pressure fluid by means of an opening in at least one of the plungers, prior to being placed on the plungers in a sealing manner.

Abstract: A can is formed including a body having a bottom wall with an electromagnetically formed contoured sidewall extending therefrom and a necked end. The open end of the sidewall is first pre-necking to form a reduced diameter section. Thereupon, the sidewall is electromagnetically formed to form an outwardly expanding contoured sidewall. The can is then subjected to a necking process proximate the reduced diameter section to achieve a further reduced diameter conical necked end. The necking process may be performed by radially inwardly advancing an external forming member into contact with the sidewall against counterpressure provided by a pair of relatively axially displaceable inner members disposed within the can interior. Alternatively, the necking process may be spin flow necking.

Abstract: Hydroforming double wall tubular stock into an air gap tubular element comprising providing a plural wall tubular workpiece having at least an inner wall liner and an outer wall jacket having adjacent open axial ends, causing at least one of the jacket ends to extend axially beyond the adjacent liner end and to be flared outwardly, placing the workpiece into a first mold cavity of a size and configuration to result in the desired size and configuration of the liner, sealing the open ends of said liner, injecting hydroforming fluid into said liner to fill it and applying pressure thereto to expand the liner and jacket in the first mold cavity, releasing the pressure, placing the workpiece in a second mold cavity of a size and configuration desired for the jacket on a resulting air gap tubular element, providing hydroforming end closures to seal off the jacket ends, at least one of the end closures having an annular shoulder aligned with the flared extended jacket end radially outwardly offset from the adjacent

Abstract: A device and process for hydrostatic forming is disclosed. The device for hydrostatically forming an article comprises an expandable bladder for shaping the article; a fluid for expanding the bladder; and a device for moving the fluid into the bladder for expanding the same. The fluid is heated prior to being moved into the bladder for raising the temperature of the article and lowering the yield strength of the article, thereby increasing the formability of the article.

Abstract: A tool for sealing two ends of a tube of superplastic material in preparation for superplastically forming the tube against inside surfaces of a die by gas pressure inside of the tube. The tool has a longitudinal axis that is coincident with the longitudinal axis of the tube when the tool is positioned in the tube, and has two end caps with a cross-sectional shape similar to the cross-sectional shape of the tube ends on a plane perpendicular to the axis. A central connecting tube extends between and connects the two end caps. The end caps are made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tube, and expand, on heating, into intimate sealing contact with the inside surface of the tube ends.

Abstract: A frame member of rectangular cross section with rounded corners is formed by expansion of a tubular blank within a die cavity having an inner portion of corresponding cross section and an outer transition portion which is of smoothly continuously curved cross sectional profile elongated substantially parallel to the larger dimension of the rectangular section. An outer portion of the tubular blank is deformed to correspond with the continuously curved cross sectional profile and is sealed by a resiliently compressible sealing element of corresponding profile through which fluid pressure is applied in order to expand the blank. By matching the profile of the transition portion to the rectangular inner portion, the transition portion can be made shorter and considerable savings of materials and resources can be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming a pipe with a corrugated wall by means of the electroforming technique. The method comprises the stage of forming, possibly partial, on the circumference of the pipe over a length of about one pitch of the corrugation. The corrugated deformation of the pipe is obtained by step-by-step forming after moving the forming mandrel longitudinally in the pipe. The invention also relates to a device for forming a corrugated pipe. In a variant, the device comprises a cylindrical mandrel on which a groove deepens over a circumference portion and continues at the depth of the corrugation to be formed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for hydroforming a dual wall conduit having a controlled size gap between the walls, a frame having an upper crown and a lower bed defining a hydroforming space therebetween, the bed having a slideway extending from the space to a load-unload-preform position out of the space. A mold assembly on the slideway has a lower platen and an upper platen defining at least two hydroforming cavities, one cavity being an elongated preform and semi-finish cavity, and the other cavity being an elongated finish cavity. Mold shifting means is positioned for shifting the mold assembly on the slideway from the position in the space between the crown and bed, to and from the forward load-unload-preform position. Mold closing and preforming hydraulic cylinders are operably connected to the upper mold platen for closing the upper platen onto the lower platen and creating mechanical preforming on dual wall tubular stock in the preform and semi-finish form cavity.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for hydroforming a dual wall conduit having a controlled size gap between the walls, a frame having an upper crown and a lower bed defining a hydroforming space therebetween, the bed having a slideway extending from the space to a load-unload-preform position out of the space. A mold assembly on the slideway has a lower platen and an upper platen defining at least two hydroforming cavities, one cavity being an elongated preform and semi-finish cavity, and the other cavity being an elongated finish cavity. Mold shifting means is positioned for shifting the mold assembly on the slideway from the position in the space between the crown and bed, to and from the forward load-unload-preform position. Mold closing and preforming hydraulic cylinders are operably connected to the upper mold platen for closing the upper platen onto the lower platen and creating mechanical preforming on dual wall tubular stock in the preform and semi-finish form cavity.

Abstract: In an apparatus for molding particularly a tubular blank (1) of a ductile metal with internal high pressure in a mold, which has a cavity (5), a lower part (2) and a removable upper part (3) as well as a mechanism (6, 7, 13-21) for holding the upper (3) and lower parts (2) together, this mechanism consists of a pot (7), which is provided with a lid (15) and in which the mold (2, 3) is inserted. Between the pot (7) and the lid (15), a bayonet lock (13-20) is provided with a row of interlocking devices (14, 19), which can be brought into and out of engagement by means of a ring (16), which can be rotated relative to the mold (2, 3), and with an annular (9; 21) introduction of force into the lower part (2) and the upper part (3) near their circumference.

Abstract: In an apparatus for molding particularly a tubular blank of a ductile metal with internal high pressure in a mold having a cavity, which apparatus has a pressure-medium connection, which can be advanced from one base (10) and can be applied tightly against the one end of the tubular blank and a seal or a second pressure-medium connection, which can be advanced from a second base (11) and can be applied tightly against the other end, the mold or the pot (3) accommodating the mold has a circular cross section in the horizontal plane and, starting from the two bases (10; 11) with two tie rods (25; 26), a yoke (28; 29) is placed about the mold or the pot (3) and one (11) of the two bases can be moved on an arc (14) about the vertical axis (12) of the mold or the pot (3) and can be fixed at different places.

Abstract: A roll mandrel monitoring device in cold pilger mills with a coil which surrounds the rolled tube concentrically and is arranged on the delivery side after the rolling mill for detecting longitudinal movement of a coil core which is fastened inside the tube to a bar extending between the mandrel and coil coaxially to the tube. In order to achieve faster reaction times and accordingly to stop the rolling mill when the mandrel breaks, the bar is connected with the mandrel rod holding the mandrel so as to penetrate the mandrel concentrically and is constructed in the region of the mandrel as a tension bar which can be pretensioned against the end of the mandrel on the delivery side with the intermediary of an energy accumulator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hydro-forming desired features into the walls of thin-walled objects such as small tubes. A mold is provided having an internal surface that is sized and shaped to support the wall of the tubing or other workpiece and defines cavities that correspond to the desired features. A fluid filled hollow needle having no O-rings or seals thereon is provided that has at least one opening therein for supplying hydraulic fluid under pressure to the inside surface of the tubing. The needle has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the tubing to form a small clearance therebetween when the needle is in the tubing. The clearance is sized to prevent any substantial leakage of fluid from the needle and provide a pressure drop in the clearance sufficient to maintain the pressure of the fluid, at the portions of the wall to be deformed, high enough to deform the wall, while also facilitating insertion and removal of the needle into and from the tubing.

Abstract: Apparatus for fluid filling and pressurizing a tube having a high pressure-low flow fluid circuit in the form of a shaft having a longitudinal bore communicating with a high pressure fluid source, a tube seal device adjacent the forward end of the shaft for sealing the tube when the shaft is engaged with the tube and high pressure fluid flows into the tube, and a device for reciprocating the shaft to advance and retract the shaft toward and away from the tube. A high flow low pressure circuit has a shroud for housing the forward end of the shaft when retracted and a rearward opening slidably and sealably engaging the shaft rearward of the tube seal device. The interior of the shroud communicates with a high flow-low pressure fluid source for sealing an external surface adjacent an end of the tube.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for shaping hollow-section workpieces such as tubes of metal, the workpiece is introduced into a pressing mold whose internal contour corresponds to the workpiece shape to be produced. After closure of the pressing mold a pressure medium in the form of solid matter particles or elements such as steel balls is pressed by means of a bar into the workpiece, applying it against the internal contour of the pressure mold. In that operation an upsetting movement of the workpiece is superimposed on the bar movement. The bar can be pressed into the workpiece in two or more steps, in which case the pressure medium is further advanced by means of a pressure cylinder between the respective steps after a respective withdrawal movement of the bar.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a frame member for an automobile from a tube blank applies internal hydraulic pressure to the blank, tangent bends and preforms the internally pressurized blank into a preformed tube having a desired horizontal profile configuration, then forms the preformed tube into a finally formed frame member having a desired vertical profile configuration and a desired, varying cross-sectional configuration by placing the preformed tube in a stuffing ledge apparatus having a lower die with an upwardly facing ledge and vertically extending, punch engaging surfaces and a punch having a downwardly facing ledge and vertically extending, die engaging surfaces, internally pressurizing the tube, and then ramming the punch downwardly to form the tube into the finally formed frame member, the ledges and vertically extending surfaces substantially completely enclosing a portion of the tube before and while the punch and die come together to form the tube into the finally formed frame member.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming a one-piece, complex-shaped tubular member from a tubular blank is provided. The tubular blank is placed in a die cavity defining a tube having at least two expanded portions and a bend therein. As the die cavity is closed around the tubular blank to form the bend, the interior of the tubular blank is pressurized to expand the tubular blank into the at least two expanded portions defined by the die cavity. When the bent and expanded tubular blank is removed from the die cavity, the ends of the tubular blank are cropped to form the finished tubular member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus capable of forming a dual tube conduit having a predetermined outer tube dimension, a predetermined inner tube dimension, and a predetermined gap between the tubes. A dual tube workpiece may be initially bent in one or more zones to a desired nonlinear configuration, the inner and outer tubes are hydroform expanded simultaneously to obtain the selected inner tube dimension, and the outer tube is then hydroform expanded to the desired outer tube dimension and to the desired gap therebetween, while the inner tube is held constant.

Abstract: A high gas pressure material capable of producing 50-300 psi gas pressure at forming temperature is placed in an enclosed area surrounding and sealing the blanks to be superplastically formed, without the use of argon gas. The blanks are formed under tensile stress by the internal pressure produced by the high gas pressure material. The method can be performed concurrently with diffusion bonding to obtain a metallic structure from a plurality of workpieces, and also can be used to manufacture perfectly spherical hollow bodies by a dieless method.

Abstract: Fill and pressurization apparatus having a sectional fluid conductor having a first section fixed relative to the surroundings, and a second section which moves toward the first section to form an enclosure through which a high volume flow rate--low pressure flow may be passed to fill an adjacent open end of a tube with liquid. Said fluid is passed through an inlet conduit, which may be a rigid conduit, to the fixed first section. A seal head insertable into the end of the filled tube has an elastomeric seal member and a rod and a sleeve relatively axially displaceable to compress the seal member and deform it into sealing engagement with a surface of the tube. A stop member on one of the rod and sleeve and a stop surface on the other of the rod and sleeve limit the axial displacement and hence also the compressive force applied to the seal member. The relative displacement is achieved by retracting one of the rod and the sleeve and blocking the retraction of the other.

Abstract: An apparatus for hydraulically shaping a hollow body has a stationary base, a die fixed on the base and formed with a cavity having an inner surface and axially oppositely open ends so that a tubular workpiece can be held in the cavity with ends of the workpiece exposed at the ends of the cavity, and a pair of pistons fittable with the workpiece ends. Respective actuators can displace the pistons toward each other and against the ends of the workpiece in the cavity. A hydraulic liquid is fed at high pressure through one of the pistons to an interior of the workpiece in the cavity to deform the workpiece. Respective first guides support the pistons on the base for vertical movement thereon, respective second guides support the pistons on the base for horizontal movement thereon, and respective third guides support the pistons on the base for pivotal movement about respective centers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for isostatically bulge forming tube stock. The tube is assembled in sealing arrangement with a split die. The assembly is placed in a pressure vessel wherein an non-compressible fluid is pressurized to form the tube into the die cavities. Because the force on the tooling is compressive in nature, relatively low strength, low cost tools may be used.

Abstract: A flexible mandrel for expanding a tube in a tubesheet comprises a length of flexible wire which is placed within a tube. A hydraulic seal is located at each end of the length of flexible wire for sealing a section of the tube and is connected to the flexible wire by a connector. A fluid inlet is provided at the rear end of the mandrel for providing fluid to the mandrel between the sealed section of the tube.

Abstract: A method for reshaping 360.degree. sheet metal cylinders by longitudinal end loading simultaneous with gas pressure applied to the inside of the cylinder directing the metal into dies resulting in new shapes without thinning, in a clean atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of forming a dual tube conduit having a predetermined outer tube dimension, a predetermined inner tube dimension, and a predetermined gap between the tubes. A dual tube workpiece may be initially bent in one or more zones to a desired nonlinear configuration, the inner and outer tubes are hydroform expanded simultaneously to obtain the selected inner tube dimension, and the outer tube is then hydroform expanded to the desired outer tube dimension and to the desired gap therebetween, while the inner tube is held constant.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for filling a tube with fluid and for pressurizing the tube, in order to expand and form it within a die for example. The apparatus provides a high flow-low pressure fluid circuit for quickly filling and draining the tube, together with a separate high pressure-low flow fluid circuit for pressurizing and depressurizing the tube. The high pressure circuit of the apparatus comprises a shaft having a longitudinal bore communicating with a high pressure fluid source and control means; tube sealing means adjacent the forward end of the shaft for sealing the tube when the shaft is engaged with the tube and high pressure fluid flows into the tube; and shaft reciprocating means for advancing and retracting the shaft.

Abstract: A seal device for a hydroforming press includes a housing having a bore and a seal carrier slidable within the housing bore. The seal carrier has a bore which fits closely outside of the end of tube to be hydroformed. A V-shaped locator rigidly mounted relative to the housing aligns the end of the tube placed thereon with the carrier bore. A carrier actuator is operable to move the seal carrier between a retracted position away from the end of the tube to an extended position over the end of the tube. A resilient elastomeric annular seal carried by the seal carrier encircles the outer surface of the tube. A seal actuator carried on the seal carrier compresses the seal upon relative movement between the seal actuator and the seal carrier. A stop is engaged by the seal actuator as the seal carrier approaches the extended position so that subsequent further movement of the seal carrier compresses the seal against the tube.

Abstract: A hollow workpiece having a tubular end portion is deformed by first fitting the workpiece into a die formed with a cavity adapted to receive the workpiece with the end portion of the workpiece projecting along an axis out of the die and then engaging over the projecting end portion of the workpiece a feed sleeve in a pressure-tight fit. The sleeve and workpiece are supported relative to each other such that the holding portion can slide in the sleeve and that the sleeve exerts substantially no axial force on the workpiece. Then an interior of the workpiece is pressurized through the sleeve and to deform the workpiece outward against an inner surface of the die.

Abstract: In a hydraulic method and installation for shaping can bodies the can body is filled with a liquid and placed in a die and pressure is applied to the interior of said can body until it assumes the shape of said die.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a frame member for an automobile from a tube blank applies internal hydraulic pressure to the blank, tangent bends and preforms the internally pressurized blank into a preformed tube having a desired horizontal profile configuration, then forms the preformed tube into a finally formed frame member having a desired vertical profile configuration and a desired, varying cross-sectional configuration by placing the preformed tube in a stuffing ledge apparatus having a lower die with an upwardly facing ledge and vertically extending, punch engaging surfaces and a punch having a downwardly facing ledge and vertically extending, die engaging surfaces, internally pressurizing the tube, and then ramming the punch downwardly to form the tube into the finally formed frame member, the ledges and vertically extending surfaces substantially completely enclosing a portion of the tube before and while the punch and die come together to form the tube into the finally formed frame member.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for filling a tube with fluid and for pressurizing the tube, in order to expand and form it within a die for example. The apparatus provides a high flow-low pressure fluid circuit for quickly filling and draining the tube, together with a separate high pressure-low flow fluid circuit for pressurizing and depressurizing the tube. The high pressure circuit of the apparatus includes a shaft having a longitudinal bore, communicating with a high pressure fluid source and controls; tube sealing device adjacent the forward end of the shaft for sealing the tube when the shaft is engaged with the tube and high pressure fluid flows into the tube; and a shaft reciprocating mechanism for advancing and retracting the shaft.

Abstract: A seal device for a hydroforming press includes a housing having a cylindrical bore and a cylindrical seal carrier slidable within the housing bore. The seal carrier has a bore and a tube support which fit closely on outside and inside of the end of the tube to be hydroformed. An actuator is operable to forcibly move the seal carrier from a retracted position withdrawn away from the end of the tube to an extended position in which the seal carrier is installed over the end of the tube. A resilient elastomeric annular seal is carried by the seal carrier and encircles the outer circumference of the tube with some clearance. A seal actuator carried on the seal carrier compresses the seal upon relative movement between the seal actuator and the seal carrier so that the seal is forced radially inwardly to seal against the tube.

Abstract: An upper die mounted on the upper bed of the press and a lower die mounted on the lower bed of the press mate with one another upon lowering of the upper bed. A mounting plate is spring mounted on the lower bed adjacent the lower die to enable vertical movement of the mounting plate. A seal unit to seal with the end of the tube accessible through an open end in the dies. The seal unit is mounted on the mounting plate for horizontal reciprocating movement between a retracted position withdrawn away from the tube and an engaged position in sealing engagement with the tube. A pusher carried on the upper bed engages with the seal unit upon lowering of the upper bed to push the seal unit vertically against the spring effort of the mounting plate to obtain sealing alignment of the seal unit with the tube.

Abstract: Polymeric anti-extrusion rings are provided for internal cooling of a drawbolt swaging apparatus. One such ring is located on either side of an elastomeric expansion sheath on a drawbolt. There rings are formed of polymeric material which has low creep, high tensile strength and is substantially unaffected at swaging temperatures. The rings are sized to fit snugly on the drawbolt shank and to provide minimum practical clearance with the interior dimensions of the tube to be swaged. The outer perimeter of the rings adjacent to the drawbolt head and bushing are chamfered.

Abstract: A method for forming metal parts from superplastic metal alloys uses axial compression of the blank starting material. A blank of the superplastic metal alloy is enclosed within a die press. The blank is generally tubular, although not necessarily circular, and has an aperture at each end. The ends of the blank are enclosed within correspondingly shaped sections of a cavity within the die press, while the center of the blank is disposed within a central cavity defining a desired shape of the metal part to be formed. Each end of the blank is then sealed with a ram or stop member, and the die press and blank are heated to a forming temperature that is within the superplastic temperature range of the metal alloy. Gas is supplied under pressure to the inside of the blank to produce an outward pressure urging the blank to deform outwardly within the central cavity of the die press.

Abstract: An SPF press is capable of forming large generally cylindrical structures from a sheet made of a first metal such as Titanium. The sheet is first rolled into a cylindrical or conical part blank. The press has a generally cylindrical ceramic die with a surface defining the contour of a part to be formed. The part is formed by pressing a first side of the part blank against the die utilizing high pressure gas. Generally cylindrical gas impervious seals overlie the opposite ends of the cylindrical part blank on a second side thereof opposite the first side. Each of these gas impervious seals includes a support member and a seal member which are spaced apart to define a gap therebetween. A generally cylindrical seal ring is seated in each gap and contacts the second side of the cylindrical part blank. The seal rings are made of a second metal that is softened at a temperature at which the first metal becomes superplastic.

Abstract: An elongate tubular member with a seamless frusto-conical interior wall surface having a selected taper angle of typically 5.degree. or less which is formed from a metal tubular member of ductile material and circular wall cylinder configuration by the process of sequentially expanding contiguous length segments of the ductile tubular member to an interior frusto-conical wall configuration. The process involves inserting the tubular member into a female die member which defines an interior frusto-conical surface with a selected cone angle of typically 10.degree. or less with the tubular member coaxially aligned with the die member interior surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for reshaping a container includes a mold of the split type. The container has a body member, a closed lower end member and a cone-shaped open upper end member. The mold has a pair of upper clamping members and a lower clamping member which slide along a liner. The upper clamping members and a seal for closing the container act on the double seam between the upper end member and the body member, thus ensuring that the upper end member and the double seam do not deform during reshaping. The seam between the lower end member and the body member is gripped between the lower clamping member and a support member. During reshaping, compressed air is supplied to the interior of the container, causing it to expand outwardly while the clamping members move inwardly.

Abstract: A process for allowing the attachment of drive or coupling elements, such as cams, gears, crank webs or bearing elements, such as friction bearing bushes, or complete roller bearings on tubes or tubular portions by hydraulic expansion, for the purpose of producing assembled cam shafts, transmission shafts, crank shafts or the like, with the expansion of the tubes taking place exclusively in the region of the respective elements beyond the limit of elasticity of the tubes, against a permanent elastic prestress in the elements. To relieve the load on the seals limiting the regions to be expanded, a counter pressure which is higher than the ambient pressure is applied to the intermediate or end regions.

Abstract: A die (2) formed of two halves (4, 5) is placed in a container (7) filled with an incompressible liquid. The die halves have a plane of contact disposed in parallel relation with and spaced from the axis of a hollow member to be deformed within a die cavity formed by the die halves. Mandrils (15) are forced into sealing contact with the open ends of the hollow member by hydraulic cylinders. A high deformation pressure is supplied into the hollow member and the mandrils are secured in sealing contact with the hollow member against such pressure.

Abstract: A case (1) for single- or multi-stage pumps having at least one centrifugal radial impeller, and a method for the manufacture of such case with metal plate. The case includes, for each stage and for each impeller, a substantially cylindrical lateral wall (2) and a device (15) for diffusing and directing the flow delivered from the impeller of each stage, which case has, in the lateral wall thereof, at least one volute with a uniformly increasing transverse cross section which is outwardly closed and is formed by an initial portion (17), an intermediate portion (18) and a final portion (19) which are mutually blended in a continuous manner.

Abstract: An appratus and method for manufacturing a pulley having a generally V-shaped groove therein is provided. The apparatus includes a press section and a molding section. The starting material for forming the pulley is a ring-shaped workpiece which is preferably composed of a bendable metal. The apparatus clamps the workpiece about a central annular portion thereof. Other parts of the apparatus bend upper and lower annular portions of the workpiece radially outwardly, thereby forming a V-shaped groove. The pulley is formed by a single thrusting motion of the press section. The bottom portion of the V-shaped groove has a uniform thickness which is not thinned by the action of the press.

Abstract: A method for fabricating metallic conduit and the like having exterior surface details such as beads, bulges and flares by inelastic flow of the metal of an extruded blank which does not exhibit the detail. The process comprises the steps of placing a blank in a high pressure die, injecting oil or other incompressible pressure-transmitting fluid into the blank, and using advancing core punches, pressurizing the fluid to cause the metal of the blank to flow into detail cavities of the die.