Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing the tensile strength and bonding strength of sprayed-on foam insulation (12) attached to metal cryogenic fuel tanks (14). A circular cutter is used to cut the insulation (12) down to the surface of the metal tank to form plugs of the insulation (12) for testing "in situ" on the tank (14). The apparatus comprises an electro-mechanical pulling device (32) powered by a belt battery pack (34). The pulling device (32) comprises a motor (60) driving a mechanical pulling structure comprising a horizontal shaft (64) connected to two bell cranks (68) which are connected to a central member (74). When the lower end of member (74) is attached to fitting (20), which in turn is bonded to plug (10) (see FIG. 2), a pulling force is exerted on plug (10) sufficient to rupture it. The force necessary to rupture the plug (10) or pull it loose is displayed as a digital read-out (51) on screen (50).

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the strength of a bond between a lamina and its ubstrate, or the like is shown and described. Air, or some other fluid under pressure, causes a gasket to protrude from a piston to seal the atmosphere from a chamber within the piston and the adjacent exposed lamina surface. The fluid also pressurizes this chamber to pull a loading fixture and a portion of the lamina attached thereto away from the substrate. The force required to pull the lamina from the substrate is equal to the strength of the bond.

Abstract: A method of testing the adhesion between a coating and its substrate applies a force to a sample by means of a plunger and supporting ring apparatus. The force is increased laterally while the force and the resulting deflection are measured. When the slope of the force-deflection curve changes abruptly, the test is terminated, and the value of force required to produce that condition is noted. The test is nondestructive.

Abstract: Glass laminates used as safety glass consist of several sheets of glass united by adhesive interlayers. The bond strength of such interlayers may be determined in simple manner using a special test specimen by the tensile shear test. The test specimen is parallelipiped-like and the individual sheets thereof are divided each to form an obtuse fracture, the fractures facing the interlayer being staggered. The minimum force required for detaching the interlayer from the individual sheets of the glass laminate is taken as a measure for the bond strength.

Abstract: This tester comprises a fixture which is bonded to a coating or surface, a plate and a membrane which are sealed together along their peripheries. A hole extends through the membrane and at least into the plate for receiving the fixture so that its bonding surface is flush with the membrane. The plate has a gas opening which is connectable with a source of pressurized gas.

Abstract: A method of testing additives for the ability to prevent coal particles from freezing and adhering to the sides of coal cars and metal storage devices which comprises the steps of:(a) coating the treatment to be tested on the inside of a small interior diameter steel or aluminum cylinder;(b) soaking the thus-treated cylinder in water for a short time to simulate exposure to precipitation;(c) immediately loading the water-treated cylinder with coal particles;(d) compressing the coal within the cylinder;(e) freezing the coal within the cylinder;(f) removing the coal from the cylinder using means capable of measuring the force required to remove the coal; and(g) comparing that force against the force required to remove the coal from a similar non-treated cylinder.

Abstract: An improved apparatus is disclosed for measuring the adhesive bond strength etween two materials. A short, cylindrical specimen (28) having a test surface of one material is attached to a rigid base (12) on which a slide (16) is mounted on preloaded rollers (22) for movement along a pair of tracks (14) provided on the base. Above the specimen, a rigid mold block (36) is supported on an axially extending arm (24) formed integrally with the slide (16). The peripheries (32, 38) of the specimen and the mold block are essentially aligned so that seal ring (50) may be moved into engagement with a narrow gap formed between the specimen and the mold block. The second material, whose adhesive bond to the first material is to be determined, is introduced into the volume defined between the mold block and the specimen and caused or allowed to solidify there.

Abstract: Thread locking compositions and analogous sealant materials having limited cured strength, and a preferred method for their compounding and application, are disclosed. These are based primarily on alpha cyanoacrylates, i.e. acrylate esters in monomer or low polymeric form, or of very low molecular weight, which are rapidly polymerizable to form solid and bonding films. The materials, in liquid form, are modified by inclusion of coloring agents and other film strength and reaction rate modifiers, to impart optimum properties of bonding strength, curing rate, moderate resistance in torque to separation of the bonded parts, low residual torque, along with good stability in storage, or good shelf life. Combinations of polymerization promoters and stabilizers are included, along with small quantities of specially selected coloring agents which not only impart effective color to thin films of the composition but serve to limit curing below high cured strength.

Abstract: A manually portable fluid ink tack tester (10) for sampling and testing the tack of printing inks during press runs has two engaged, rotating rolls (25,26) mounted on parallel axes and in rolling contact on the tester frame (15). One (26) is extended outwardly from the frame (15) to expose the surface of the roll for contacting an ink coated surface and receiving an ink sample therefrom. After receiving the ink, the tester (10) is removed from the ink coated surface and a motor (35) in the tester (10) rotates the rolls (25,26). The force necessary to split the ink between the two rolls (25,26) is measured (13,40) and displayed (13,48), giving an indication of the tack of the ink.

Abstract: Two radial cuts are made in a disc-shaped solid, the wedge (or sector) thereby produced is removed, and the exposed faces of the radial cuts are forced into contact with each other. By bonding (or welding) together the faces of the radial cuts, a self-stressed disc, capable of propagating a pure mode 1 crack, is created.

Abstract: Normally solid heat-activatable thermoplastic adhesives having improved hot tack strength at heat-seal temperatures are composed essentially of copolymers of ethylene with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having standard melt flow values from about 1 to about 3 dg/min., and are especially useful as heat-seal coating or layer on substrates for packaging.

Abstract: A method for measuring the bonding power of an adhesive material, particuly a sheet material comprising fibres impregnated with a glue. After having applied against the material the face of a totally reflecting prism the index of refraction of which is lower than that of the glue, a force is exerted which tends to bring apart from each other the prism and said material, the value of the force corresponding to the separation is determined and the quotient is made of said force by the value of the contact area measured at the moment of the separation from the light totally reflected by said face.

Abstract: An improved method for indicating the temperature to which a heat-deformable polymeric material coated with a thermochromic paint has been heated is disclosed. The improvement comprises the addition to the thermochromic paint of a non-thermochromic compound selected from the group consisting of the sulfates, hydrated sulfates and nitrides of boron, aluminum, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, zinc and phosphorus; the sulfides and hydrated sulfides of boron, aluminum, bismuth and phosphorus; the oxides and hydrated oxides of boron, arsenic, antimony and phosphorus and the salts, organic derivatives and free acids of the oxyanions of boron, arsenic, antimony and phosphorus.

Abstract: A process for measuring the adhesive power of pressure-sensitive adhesives, especially adhesive tapes or sheets; it is also related to a device for implementing this process. This process consists in causing a ball to fall freely onto the adhesive surface of the tape or sheet and exerting a vertical upwardly directed separating force upon the ball, the measurement of the adhesive power of the adhesive being a function of the time comprised between the instant when the separating force is initially exerted upon the ball and the instant when the ball returns to its initial starting point.

Abstract: A method for testing a treated metal substrate toward its propensity to receive and adherently retain a finish coat such as paint or the like; the test is made before the finish coat is applied by applying a strip of adhesive to a specimen treated substrate, stripping the tape, and then comparing the amount of "soil" pick-up versus an established standard; "soil" includes any of the treating material picked up by the tape from the treated substrate.

Abstract: Testing of rheological properties of a fluid is performed between a pair of members having cooperating faces, each characterized by minute, randomly interspersed land portions and cavity portions. The land portions of each face are planar and are disposed geometrically in a common plane. The cavity portions are irregular and are disposed in a network subordinate to the common plane. Testing involves the steps of placing a sample of the fluid between the cooperating faces, pressing the cooperating faces into flush contact with each other, and pulling the cooperating faces from each other. The force required for rupture of the fluid within itself, without first breaking its contact with the cooperating faces, is a function of the shear stress, yield point and other rheological properties of the fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method are disclosed for measuring adhesion of particulate materials. A geometric object, such as a steel ball, is immersed in a sample of particulate material which is compacted to a predetermined density. The temperature of the sample is carefully controlled while the steel ball is pulled from the sample. The force required to pull the ball from the sample at a given temperature is recorded. Numerous tests conducted at different temperatures provide data to define a characteristic curve for a given particulate material. The apparatus and method is particularly useful for measuring the adhesion of aluminum powder such as that used as fuel in rocket motor solid propellant.

Abstract: A mechanical acceleration multiplier for testing the bond strength of an adhesive wherein the adhesive to be tested is subjected to a centrifugal force.

Abstract: The adhesive bond test apparatus comprises: a U-shaped bracket of aluminum, upported on a table; a tiltable rectangular panel of aluminum pivotally mounted in the U of the bracket for tilting between a horizontal and a vertical position; a sheet adherend made of two Kraft paper layers bonded together with asphalt, attached to one surface of the panel; a plurality of elongated strips adherends each having a specified weight attached to one end, and the other end bonded over a given small area to a portion of the sheet adherend that will be up in vertical position, wherein the weight applies a constant gravity load to the bond during the test. Both shear and a pull tests are disclosed.

Abstract: An article comprising a polymeric material and coated with a thermochromic paint. The improvement comprises the addition to the thermochromic paint of a non-thermochromic compound selected from the group consisting of the sulfates, hydrated sulfates and nitrides of boron, aluminum, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, zinc and phosphorus; the sulfides and hydrated sulfides of boron, aluminum, bismuth and phoshorus; the oxides and the hydrated oxides of boron, arsenic, antimony and phosphorus and the salts, organic compounds and free acids of the oxyanions of boron, arsenic, antimony and phosphorus.

Abstract: A thermochromic paint, which changes color when heated to a certain temperature, and which is particularly suited for use on plastic substrates which are subject to oxidative degradation is disclosed. The improvement comprises the addition to the thermochromic paint of a non-thermochromic compound selected from the group consisting of the sulfates, hydrated sulfates and nitrides of boron, aluminum, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, zinc and phosphorus; the sulfides and hydrated sulfides of boron, aluminum, bismuth and phosphorus; the oxides and hydrated oxides of boron, arsenic, antimony and phosphorus and the salts, organic compounds and free acids of the oxyanions of boron, arsenic, antimony and phosphorus.

Abstract: A strain gauge adapted to be adhesively mounted on a structural part in a place to be tested which is provided with at least one measuring grid and to the connecting ends of which are soldered measuring lines for conducting the current from the measuring grid; an extension of the carrier for the grid foil is provided along one edge of the strain gauge and is connected with the main carrier by a perforation.

Abstract: Apparatus to test the strength of a glue bond joint connecting two sheets of paperboard or similar sheet-like material. The apparatus automatically produces the bond, duplicating the production process, and then forces the sheets apart by moving the sheets around a bar and measuring deflection of the assembly to which the bar is attached.

Abstract: A portable machine for testing protective coatings which have been applied to pipes or the like comprising a portable frame adapted to be hand-held by testing personnel. A pair of elongated arms extend from the portable frame and have pipe shoes on one end thereof adapted to embrace the pipe so that the portable frame will be maintained at a predetermined distance from the pipe during the testing operation. A cutting blade is provided for severing the protective coating from the pipe and has an elongated flexible member connected thereto. A power assembly is secured to the frame and is operatively connected to the elongated flexible member to cause the elongated flexible member and the cutting blade to be moved towards the support to sever the protective coating from the pipe. A force read-out device is connected to the power assembly for indicating the amount of force required to sever the protective coating from the pipe.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for lining container closures with seals, and for testing the closures. The apparatus includes means for forming an infeed stream of closures and means interacting with the stream for forming closure groups. Conveyor means accept the groups and convey same to the various stations. At an initial station the shell integrity of the closures is tested; and closures are rejected at a following station if found to be the product of short molding shots or so forth. Thereafter, an adhesive is dispensed to the closure interior, and at a successive station seals are punched from a web and emplaced in the closure. A loose liner detector and removal station detects and removes loose liners from the closures. The sealing characteristics of the closures are then tested at a further station, and closures found to be imperfect are rejected; after which the closures which successfully pass through the several stations are discharged from the apparatus.

Abstract: The adhesion of cord or wire to the elastomer, rubber, or rubbery material is measured by exerting forces or loads collinear with the cords or wires such that one of the cords or wires is pulled from between a pair of cords. The three cords are embedded in a predetermined length of the elastomer. In a static test the opposing forces are exerted at a predetermined rate. In a dynamic test the opposing forces oscillate at predetermined frequency. Fixtures adapting an MTS high-speed oscillating tester are provided. The foregoing abstract is not to be taken as limiting the invention of this application, and in order to understand the full nature and extent of the technical disclosure of this application, reference must be made to the accompanying drawing and the following detailed description.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the stiffness characteristic of structural adhesives which encompasses a critically patterned series of sensor points which enables the recording of minute movements of a bonded specimen to which force is applied with exacting precision.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the stiffness characteristic of structural adhesives which encompasses a critically patterned series of sensor points which functions cooperatively with a novel mounting mechanism to enable the recording of minute movements of a bonded specimen to which force is applied with exacting precision.