Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for guiding or otherwise assisting operation of an aircraft en route to an airport. One method involves identifying a reference point in advance of a runway, dynamically determining a gliding vertical trajectory for the aircraft en route to the reference point based at least in part on a current altitude of the aircraft at a current aircraft location and gliding characteristics of the aircraft, and providing a graphical indication of a difference between a predicted altitude of the aircraft at a location corresponding to the reference point resulting from the gliding vertical trajectory and an altitude criterion associated with the reference point. The graphical indication of the difference dynamically updates as the aircraft travels.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for managing vehicle guidance using a GUI. One method may include: obtaining flight management system (FMS) data; updating an aircraft configuration state based on the FMS data; obtaining a current mode, active command, and a second command for a guidance panel based on the configuration state; and generating a guidance panel GUI based on the current mode, the active command, and the second command. Another method may include: obtaining vehicle data; updating a vehicle configuration state based on the vehicle data if the vehicle data has updated information; obtaining a current mode, active command, and a second command for a guidance panel of the vehicle based on the vehicle configuration state; generating a guidance panel GUI based on the current mode, the active command, and the second command; and displaying the guidance panel GUI on the guidance panel.

Abstract: An operation control system includes a wearable apparatus that is mounted with a first sensor, and a measurement apparatus that is configured separately from the wearable apparatus, and transmits a measurement result in a second sensor mounted thereon to the wearable apparatus, in which the wearable apparatus includes an information acquisition unit that acquires the measurement result in the second sensor, transmitted from the measurement apparatus, and an operation control unit that controls a predetermined operation on the basis of the acquired measurement result in the second sensor, and a measurement result in the first sensor.

Abstract: An electronic speed detection system is provided. The electronic speed detection system includes an accelerometer coupled to a moving object and a hybrid altimeter, which includes a first pressure sensor coupled to the moving object and a second pressure sensor. The electronic speed detection system also includes a controller comprising a memory and a processor. The memory storing computer program instructions executable by the processor to cause the electronic speed detection system to determine a normalized position based on first inputs received from the hybrid altimeter, or determine a corrected velocity position based on a second input received from the accelerometer and the normalized position.

Abstract: A pressure change measuring apparatus and a pressure change measuring method are capable of detecting a change in pressure to be measured with respect to a time axis with high accuracy. The pressure change measuring apparatus includes a reference value setting unit that generates a reference value signal based on an output signal of a differential pressure measuring cantilever under a predetermined state and outputs the reference value signal. An arithmetic processing unit calculates the pressure change in the pressure to be measured based on the output signal, the reference value signal, a volume of a cavity, and a flowing quantity of a pressure transmission medium flowing into and out of the cavity for every unit of a predetermined time period.

Abstract: A method of producing a variable thrust cutback of an aircraft during aircraft departure is provided. The method includes the steps of storing expected sound exposure levels for an aircraft in memory, and storing a sound exposure level limit for a navigation flight in memory. The method also includes the steps of determining aircraft altitude and determining aircraft airspeed. The method further includes the steps of computing an engine thrust value that complies with the sound exposure level limit based on the altitude, airspeed and the sound exposure levels, and outputting the computed engine thrust value for use in controlling the aircraft during departure.

Abstract: Active-response golf shoes are disclosed. The golf shoes include a plurality of sensors, a controller, and at least one active-response element. The sensor and controller operate to rapidly determine if a golfer is walking or swinging a golf club. Once this determination is made the controller and active-response element rapidly change the shoe's characteristics. If the controller determines that the golfer is walking, the shoe provides a soft and flexible walking platform. If the controller determines that the golfer is swinging, the shoe morphs or changes automatically to provide a stable hitting platform. The controller senses various predetermined conditions such as pressure of the user's foot to determine whether the golfer is walking or swinging. The active-response element is a lateral adjuster having an upper bracket located in the laces area and a lower bracket affixed to the side of the sole, brackets supporting a plurality of electrostrictive polymer bands.

Abstract: Active-response golf shoes are disclosed. The golf shoes include at least one sensor, a controller, and at least one active-response element. The sensor and controller operate to rapidly determine if a golfer is walking or swinging a golf club. Once this determination is made the controller and active-response element rapidly change the shoe's characteristics. If the controller determines that the golfer is walking, the shoe provides a soft and flexible walking platform. If the controller determines that the golfer is swinging, the shoe morphs or changes automatically to provide a stable hitting platform. The controller senses various predetermined conditions such as pressure under the ball of the user's foot to determine whether the golfer is walking or swinging. The active-response elements may be a sole adjuster, a lace adjuster, and/or an upper adjuster. Methods of determining the golfer's type of movement are also disclosed.

Abstract: A graphical display of a dynamic vertical speed indicator (VSI).

Abstract: Active-response golf shoes are disclosed. The golf shoes include at least one sensor, a controller, and at least one active-response element. The sensor and controller operate to rapidly determine if a golfer is walking or swinging a golf club. Once this determination is made the controller and active-response element rapidly change the shoe's characteristics. If the controller determines that the golfer is walking, the shoe provides a soft and flexible walking platform. If the controller determines that the golfer is swinging, the shoe morphs or changes automatically to provide a stable hitting platform. The controller senses various predetermined conditions such as pressure under the ball of the user's foot to determine whether the golfer is walking or swinging. The active-response elements may be a sole adjuster, a lace adjuster, and/or an upper adjuster. Methods of determining the golfer's type of movement are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for synthetically calculating redundant attitude and redundant heading for an aircraft using data existing in the aircraft, including angular rates p, q, r around x-, y- and z-coordinates of an aircraft-fixed (body frame) coordinate system, air data information including speed, altitude and angle of attack, includes the steps of calculating attitude and heading based on the body-frame angular rates p, q, r, estimating errors in measured body-frame magnetic field vector components, deriving a measured body-frame field magnetic field vector, estimating errors in calculated attitude and heading using the air data and the derived measured body-frame magnetic field vector components, and correcting the calculated attitude and heading using the estimated errors in attitude and heading.

Abstract: In an aircraft conventionally-including a redundant pair of independent primary altitude determination systems of accuracy certified for RVSM operations, an initially loosely calibrated backup altimeter receives independent static pressure data for use in calculating altitude. During normal flight of the aircraft, the current altitude determinations of the primary altimeters and, using a recursive filter, the static source error correction (SSEC) of the backup altimeter is recursively adjusted until the SSEC attains a steady-state value with which the calculated altitude determinations by the backup altimeter accurately conform to the altitude determinations of the primary altimeters. Through this self-correction functionality the backup altimeter is rendered sufficiently accurate for permitted use in RVSM airspace in the event of a failure of one of the primary altitude determination systems.

Abstract: A method of generating, for an aircraft, a total air temperature compensated for recovery or deicing heater error includes measuring a total air temperature with a total air temperature probe. A local angle of attack for the total air temperature probe is determined. Then, a corrected total air temperature, compensated for recovery or deicing heater error, is generated as a function of the measured total air temperature and the determined local angle of attack for the total air temperature probe.

Abstract: The virtual intelligence shoe with a podiatric analysis system provided with a portable pair of shoe-like body types thereof, into two of which a miniature electronic module and an enclosed sensor mat are permanently embedded in the shoe-like with a mechanical air package enclosing the electronic module to serve as a shock absorption. A miniature electronic module comprises a transmitting circuit with pressure resistance, shoe temperature and warning buzzer for full memory capacity, which receives the variable pressure and temperature voltage signals, convert them into resistance (ohm) and Celsius, respectively. The electrical signals can be emitted in an infrared light signal.

Abstract: Steering wheel lash and suspension play are checked by comparing predefined movements of the steering wheel and the road wheels. A steering wheel fixture adapted to be mounted to the steering wheel particularly facilitates the steering wheel lash determination. Quickly mountable and removable road wheel angle sensors also facilitate the method.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calibrating a rotary encoder including a rotatable disk including at least two index points located along a circumferentially extending row. These index points contain information specifying an angular position of the index point. This allows the rotary encoder to be calibrated by turning it through a sufficient angular displacement to ensure that an index point passes over a sensor. This sufficient angular displacement is less than a complete revolution because there are multiple index points along the circumference of the disk. This design allows a rotary encoder to be calibrated without turning it through a complete revolution. This is advantageous where turning the rotary encoder through a complete rotation is not possible or is inconvenient, for example in applications such as a wind direction indicator, a rudder position indicator or a joystick.

Abstract: A calibration device is provided for use in an apparatus for measuring kinematic error in a power mechanism which includes an input shaft, an output shaft, and a kinematic error measurement device. The calibration device comprises a Hooke's joint interposed at an inclination angle between the input shaft and the output shaft and a device to measure the inclination angle.

Abstract: A system for determining the location of a patient on a support. The system includes a first and second sensor coupled to a patient's support surface and being at least laterally spaced. A first load signal from the first sensor has a first sensitivity greater than a second sensitivity of a second load signal from the second sensor. A determination circuit receives a first and second load signals and provides an indication of the location of the patient on the support surface from a comparison of the sum of the load signals to a selected value.

Abstract: An electronic indicator that includes a means for a scaling the actual displacement of the spindle by a user-adjustable scale factor representing the ratio of the actual displacement of a spindle to the value displayed. The indicator includes a body, transducer assembly, controller, and display. The transducer outputs a value representing the spindle displacement to the controller. The controller converts the value to standard length units and scales the standard units by the desired ratio of the actual displacement to the displayed value, as set by the user prior to use of the indicator.

Abstract: A position detector for a motor includes a pulse plate, having a fitting hole, for generating pulse signal, a connection shaft having protrusion portions and a washer having a connection hole. Each protrusion portion of the connection shaft is inserted into the fitting hole of the pulse plate and further inserted into the connection hole of the washer, and top ends of each protrusion portions are fastened to the washer. Thus, even if a rotational torque transmitted from the connection shaft to the pulse plate becomes large, the rotational force of the connection shaft can be accurately transmitted to prevent only the connection shaft from idling without releasing the connection between the connection shaft and the pulse plate.

Abstract: There is provided a reference gage that has first and second reference planes parallel to one another and perpendicular to a rotational axis of the reference gage, and a distance between the reference planes is already known as a reference distance. To calibrate the measuring head, the measuring direction of the measuring head is set parallel to the rotational axis of the measuring head or the table on which the reference gage is placed, and a reference value of the reference distance on the reference gage is entered. Then, the reference distance is measured by the measuring head to acquire measured data, and a measured value of the reference distance is calculated from the measured data. The measuring head is calibrated so that the measured value accords with the reference value. The time required for calibrating the measuring head is thus reduced.

Abstract: A method apparatus for assisting in the calibration of a pick and place machine including a parts pick up jig having a first feeder shoe for placement over the end of one of the feeder stations and second feeder shoe for placement over the end of an adjacent feeder station allowing for the safe and accurate pick-up of glass chips by the part placement nozzle. The feeder shoes are placed over the ends of the feeder stations with the end of feeder stations extending inside the feeder shoes against feeder shoe nose panels to assure accurate placement of the parts pick up jig on the "Y" axis. The parts pick up jig may also index against an inner or outer edge of the feeder station to assure accurate placement of parts pick up jig on the "X" axis. A bridge section extends between the feeder shoes and connects the two feeder shoes together. Formed on the upper surface of the bridge section are a series of recesses for receiving and aligning chips to be picked and placed during a calibration procedure.

Abstract: A method for positioning a first device utilizing a surface having a viewing translation stage, the surface being movable between a first position where the viewing stage is in operational alignment with a first device and a second position where the viewing stage is in operational alignment with a second device. The movable surface is placed in the first position and an image is produced with the first device of an identifiable characteristic of a calibration object on the viewing stage. The moveable surface is then placed in the second position and only the second device is moved until an image of the identifiable characteristic in the second device matches the image from the first device. The calibration object is then replaced on the stage of the surface with a test object, and the viewing translation stage is adjusted until the second device images the area of interest. The surface is then moved to the first position where the test object is scanned with the first device to image the area of interest.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensing angular displacement of a rotating object. A reference object is provided that maintains an independent angular reference. An angular displacement of the rotating object may be measured with respect to the reference object. The apparatus may include a turn sensor for measuring directional changes in the heading of the object, an angular compensator, and a servomotor for maintaining the turn sensor in a same angular position. The object may be a vehicle such as a boat, car, train, airplane or any other vehicle. The turn sensor is coupled to the servomotor that may be attached to a platform of the vehicle. As the vehicle rotates, the heading of the vehicle changes. The servomotor rotates the turn sensor housing to keep the sensor at the same angular position. The heading may be determined by measuring an angular difference between the position of the turn sensor in relation to the moving object.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the calibration of and calibrating rotating tools ich are liable to deviate, wherein at least one known deviation is recorded at a first predetermined rotational speed. The method can be used with annular saws that divide workpieces into semiconductor wafers.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a pick and place machine including picking a calibrated chip having a first calibration mark from a parts pick up jig with a placing head of the pick and place machine, placing the calibrated chip on a calibrated plate having a second calibration mark with the pick and place machine placing head, the calibrated plate being located on a pick and place machine assembly table and comparing the relative alignment of the first calibration mark and the second calibration mark.

Abstract: Spacecraft attitude is efficiently controlled by utilizing spatial noise and temporal noise in the calculation of gains to a Kalman filter. Spatial noise is modeled in a dynamic fashion so as to provide optimal spatial noise attenuation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a calibration method for compensating an offset occurring when parts in an industrial robot are exchanged with new ones. A signal generation part is attached to a moving part of the robot. While the moving part is moving, a signal detection part detects the movement of the signal generation part with a sensor therein, and calibration data are generated on the basis of the detected signals. Preset calibration data are amended using a difference between the generated calibration data and the preset calibration data, so that the offset is compensated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring ligand binding to DNA or protein uses changes in the mechanical properties of strips of the DNA or protein to detect the formation of ligand complexes. Samples strips are prepared by pouring protein solution onto a glass surface, drying the solution, and causing the protein to be cross-linked; the cross-linked film is scraped off, cut into strips, and mounted in the stress/strain measuring apparatus, which includes force and strain transducers. The sample is held by arms and can be immersed into solutions. The arms are attached to transducers. The apparatus includes a sample holder. The sample films may include end reinforcements and may be pinned or glued to the arms.

Abstract: A wafer centering device which includes a wafer centering chuck and a wafer calibration disk and a method for using such device are disclosed. The wafer centering chuck can be advantageously used to replace a vacuum chuck in a processing station that utilizes a rotating wafer platform. A center locating pin provided at the center of the wafer centering chuck can then be used to calibrate a centering position for a liquid dispensing nozzle head which dispenses any type of liquid on a rotating wafer. The wafer calibration disk may be used advantageously to calibrate the motion of a robot arm wafer loader when the disk is used in place of a regular wafer. A center aperture and a calibration grid provided on the wafer calibration disk may be used advantageously to identify the deviation of the center when the calibration disk is placed on a wafer centering chuck by the robotic arm.

Abstract: A tool calibrator includes two portions shaped to slidably engage and secure a tool in a desired position. The tool is secured by a series of staggered V shaped grooves on each of the two portions having a known geometrical relationship with a diameter of a tool head of the tool. The tool calibrator further includes at least one position signaling device for communicating a location of the tool calibrator in an operating room or other area. A position and direction of a tip of the tool is determined by comparing a location of the tool secured within the tool calibrator to the location of each of the two portions. Further, based on the location of each of the two portions, the diameter of the tool head is calculated.

Abstract: A method of testing frequency characteristics of a laser displacement/vibration meter by the use of a novel method which can cope with a broader frequency range and finer micro-level displacements to enhance the reliability of the displacement/vibration meter. Upon applying impact on one end face of a round metal rod, an elastic wave pulse which propagates through the metal rod generates a stepwise dynamic displacement of the other end face of the rod when reflected there. This dynamic displacement is measured simultaneously by a reference laser interferometer with a reference laser beam and a laser displacement/vibration meter with unknown frequency response characteristics, followed by comparison of measurement data over a frequency range to determine the frequency response characteristics of the unknown laser displacement/vibration meter.

Abstract: A method of testing an actuation system for positioning an inlet guide vane, the actuation system including a primary electronic system, a secondary hydro-mechanical system is disclosed.

Abstract: In a device handling system, a method for calibrating the position and orientation of a destination for the placement of the device is shown and described. The device is first placed at the destination and a position arm comprising a chuck is directed to engage the device. The system registers the calibration configuration, which corresponds to the position and orientation of the chuck when engaged with the device. The system then removes the device from the destination and determines the device position, which corresponds to the position and orientation of the device with respect to the chuck. Finally, the system calculates the position and orientation of the destination based on the registered calibration configuration and the device position.

Abstract: A method for calibration of an industrial robot is provided. A calibration device comprising devices for emitting a calibration beam within the working range of the robot, and an interruption detector which detects an interruption in the calibration beam are arranged. During the calibration process, a calibration tool supported by the robot hand and comprising a sphere with a known radius is moved towards the calibration beam. When an interruption in the calibration beam is detected, the output signals from the position transducers of the robot axes are read and stored. This process is repeated a plurality of times with different configurations of the robot. Thereafter, the calibration parameters of the robot are calculated based on the kinematic equations of the robot, the read and stored position transducer signals, and the known radius.

Abstract: In the installation of a position measuring device it is necessary that parameters such as amplitude and phase position of the analog scanning signals as well as the position of the reference mark signal are tested. In order to accomplish such testing, a control device is provided that has a display field for visually indicating these parameters. A first bar is displayed in the display field and its width represents a measure for the fluctuation range of the radius and its position represents a measure for the average radius of a Lissajous figure. In addition, a marking is displayed for permissible fluctuation in range of this radius. Furthermore, a second bar is displayed in the display field, which indicates the position of the reference mark signal in relation to the analog signals generated by the scanner.

Abstract: A yaw sensor for automotive controls has a microstructure vibrating ring excited by a driving circuit. The driving circuit comprises an amplitude control loop which delivers voltage pulses at the resonant frequency of the ring. A compensation signal is derived from a comparison of a sensed vibration amplitude to a desired vibration amplitude. Failure of vibration is detected by comparing the compensation signal to a threshold which is higher than a normal compensation signal. Alternatively, vibration failure is detected by comparing the sensed vibration to a threshold lower than the desired vibration amplitude. Upon such failure, the yaw output signal is replaced by ground potential.

Abstract: A calibration frame for a non-contact measurement system includes a frame structure (12); a plurality of targets (14) which may be light emitting diodes supported by the frame structure for viewing by the measurement system; control means for activating each of the targets for allowing the targets to be identified by the measurement system; memory means for storing data relating to the position of each target; and a communication link such as an infrared link for transferring data from the calibration frame to the measurement system which relates to the position of that target.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for mounting a ball bar on a machine such that the ball bar can be rotated through 360.degree. in three orthogonal planes which intersect the center of a single ball (22) to calibrate relative movement between the spindle and a table of machine in all three planes. The apparatus consists of amounting device in the form of a block (10) on the machine table from which extends a rod (18) terminating in a socket (20) for supporting the ball (22). The rod extends from the block at a compound angle of 45.degree. to each of the three planes. The ball supports a socket on one end of a ball bar (34). A second mounting device is provided on the machine spindle in the form of a tool arm (26) from which extends a rod (28) terminating in a socket (30) for supporting a ball on the other end of the ball bar (34). The rod (28) extends at a compound angle of 45.degree. to all three planes. The ball bar is thus able to lie in any one of the three orthogonal planes and to be rotated through 360.degree.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus and method for shot blast intensity measuring gages uses a calibration block which is placed upon the measuring surface of the gage. The calibration block has a zero datum surface with a notch cut into the zero datum surface at a predetermined calibration depth. The measuring block is sufficiently shorter than the test strips such that the measuring block can be shifted between a zero datum reference position in which the flat surface is supported over the plunger which operates the read-out display. The measurement block is then shifted relative to the measurement surface to a second position in which the plunger or feeler of the display engages the notch to permit a calibration reading to be taken.

Abstract: In a scanner used in a paper-making process to measure basis weight and other parameters of the fabricated paper sheet, variations in the separation of an opposed pair of sensing heads due to temperature induced deflections of upper and lower beams on which the heads are movably mounted as well as deflections and/or expansions of other portions of the support structure for the sensor are dynamically measured and compensated for. Temperature sensors mounted on carriages for the sensing heads measure the temperatures at different locations within the sensor support structure so that temperature differentials can be determined. The temperature differentials, which provide a measure of beam deflection at any given position of the head carrying carriage, are applied in accordance with a linearizing algorithm to correct the values provided by the sensing heads.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement suitable for checking the geometric and dynamic accuracy of two numerically controlled machine elements which are displaceable with respect to each other. A base body is fastened on a carriage of a machine tool to be tested, on which a linear guide with a linear measuring device is rotatably seated. A measuring element is fastened in a spindle of the machine tool and is connected via a guide with the carriage. The measuring element has three pivot bearings and a further linear guide, as well as further measuring devices for measuring the rotating movements around the pivot bearings and along the further linear guide. Thus the measuring arrangement has six degrees of freedom, wherein four rotary and two translatory joints make possible the registration of individual deviations.

Abstract: A removable reference laser target for detachable installation at identified target positions on the exterior of a refractory lined high temperature molten metal vessel. The target includes a generally rectangular target plate with an elongated slot generally paralleling the long dimension of the rectangle. On the same side of the plate but on opposite sides of the slot are two mounting and adjusting bolts for detachably affixing the target at an identified position on the exterior surface of the vessel. Extending essentially at right angles to the major rectangular surface of the plate is an extension, the free end of which contacts an external reinforcing member and assures precise re-location of the target to be used with laser equipment to provide a reference for determining thickness and/or condition of a refractory lining of the vessel.

Abstract: In an industrial robot including a fixed base, a first arm rotatably attached to the fixed base, a second arm rotatably attached to the front end portion of the first arm, and a wrist portion provided with a wrist base and a movable flange attached to the front end portion of the second arm, determination of the reference position of the wrist portion is carried out individually or independently between the wrist portion and the second arm, and determinations of reference positions of the first and second arms, with respect to the fixed base are carried out by way of a positioning jig attached to the fixed base. Since an approach is employed to individually or independently carry out determination of a reference position or positions of one axis or plural axes including the front end axis of the wrist portion of the industrial robot, determination of reference positions can be carried out in the state where the tool is attached to the wrist front end portion.

Abstract: A method is disclosed whereby a probe head which articulates a probe on the moveable arm of a coordinate measuring machine is calibrated to reduce the effect of errors, such as misalignment of the rotary axes of the head, and droop of the head and the probe. The method involves measurement of the probe position at a number of orientations of the head, the angle of orientation being determined by encoders within the head. Pairs of adjacent orientations at which the probe position is measured define segments, over which it is assumed that all errors change linearly. From the measured probe positions, a value of actual angular displacement between measured probe positions is calculated.

Abstract: An automatic ball bar for a coordinate measuring machine determines the accuracy of a coordinate measuring machine having at least one servo drive. The apparatus comprises a first and second gauge ball connected by a telescoping rigid member. The rigid member includes a switch such that inward radial movement of the second gauge ball relative to the first gauge ball causes activation of the switch. The first gauge ball is secured in a first magnetic socket assembly in order to maintain the first gauge ball at a fixed location with respect to the coordinate measuring machine. A second magnetic socket assembly secures the second gauge ball to the arm or probe holder of the coordinate measuring machine. The second gauge ball is then directed by the coordinate measuring machine to move radially inward from a point just beyond the length of the ball bar until the switch is activated.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in a glider for indicating the rate of vertical air mass movement. The apparatus includes sensing means for detecting both glider airspeed and acceleration orthogonal to the plane of the wings. This information is used to modify the output display of a conventional variometer to eliminate the effects of drag.

Abstract: A preassembled air data sensor probe and air data transducer assembly has permanently connected flexible tubing coupling the air data transducer fittings and the sensor fittings. The flexible tubing permits the air data sensor and air data transducer to be installed into an air vehicle after having been preassembled and pretested for leaks at the factory. The permanently attached assembly avoids the need for calibration or pressure checks after installation on the aircraft. The preassembled flexible tubing permits manipulation of the transducer to mount it into the proper location even in tight quarters. The flexible tubing can have a section that acts as a drain trap for accumulating ingested water.

Abstract: A vertical speed indicator uses a substantially rigid hollow closed air chamber; a capillary tube having a reduced inside diameter connected to the chamber for routing atmospheric air from an aircraft static system at a reduced flow rate into the chamber; a differential pressure transducer having two inlet ports; a pneumatic conduit connecting the chamber and one of the ports of the transducer for exposing that port to internal chamber air pressure; a pneumatic conduit connected to the other port for exposing that port to atmospheric pressure occurring within the static system; and electronic processing circuitry connected to the transducer for providing an indication of the vertical speed of the aircraft.

Abstract: A continuous duty press monitoring system includes a linear variable displacement transducer mounted to a press frame as to acquire data related to stresses and strains in the press housing due to completion of a press operation. First and second oppose, spaced apart ends of a rod member are secured to the press housing or frame. The first send is secured to so as to cause axial movement of the rod in accordance with the frame movement at that point. The second portion is secured to the housing so as to allow the second end to be slidable in relation thereto. A linear variable displacement transducer is secured at the slidably affixed end of the rod. A magnetic flux generated by application of current to a coil of the transducer is affected by relative positioning of the rod thereto. Press operation thereby provides an indication, due to stresses or strains resultant on the press housing, as to the characteristics of a particular press operation.