Of Metal Patents (Class 73/19.07)
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Patent number: 11040913Abstract: Ceramic-metallic composites are disclosed along with the equipment and processes for their manufacture. The present invention improves the densities of these composites by eliminating porosity through the use of a unique furnace system that applies vacuum and positive gas pressure during specific stages of processing. In the fabrication of Al2O3—Al composites, each process commences with a preform initially composed of at least 5% by weight silicon dioxide, and the finished product includes aluminum oxide and aluminum, and possibly other substances.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 2020Date of Patent: June 22, 2021Inventors: Klaus-Markus Peters, Brian Paul Hetzel, Walter Ray Whitman
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Patent number: 10256085Abstract: The invention generally relates to zero volt mass spectrometry probes and systems. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a system including a mass spectrometry probe including a porous material, and a mass spectrometer (bench-top or miniature mass spectrometer). The system operates without an application of voltage to the probe. In certain embodiments, the probe is oriented such that a distal end faces an inlet of the mass spectrometer. In other embodiments, the distal end of the probe is 5 mm or less from an inlet of the mass spectrometer.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 2017Date of Patent: April 9, 2019Assignee: Purdue Research FoundationInventors: Robert Graham Cooks, Michael Stanley Wleklinski, Soumabha Bag, Yafeng Li
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Patent number: 10209136Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatus and methods for monitoring and controlling filaments used in hotwire semiconductor processing and for monitoring integrity of filaments in a hotwire processing chamber. Embodiments of this disclosure may use real time voltage and current feedback signals provided by the power supply, known attributes, for example resistivity, of filament, filament geometries, for example diameter and length, and filament assembly configurations as input, to derive filament temperature in real time. Embodiments of the present disclosure are capable of continuously derive accurate temperatures of the filament assembly in a hotwire processing chamber after the filament assembly has changed geometries due to normal usage by using the measured cold resistance of the wire periodically before the process starts.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 2014Date of Patent: February 19, 2019Assignee: APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.Inventor: Paul Steffas
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Patent number: 8833139Abstract: An immersion probe for analysis of gases in molten metal is provided. The immersion probe generally comprises a gas sampler, a gas injection tube and a porous ceramic filter. The porous ceramic filter has a groove that associates it to the gas sampler, the groove comprising an outer portion and an inner portion with respect to the gas sampler, the inner portion of the porous ceramic filter having an increase in body for better association of the porous ceramic filter to the gas sampler. An adhesive material provides mechanical support of the porous ceramic filter, the adhesive material being located in both the inner portion and the outer portion of the gas sampler.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 2012Date of Patent: September 16, 2014Assignee: ECIL Met Tec Ltda.Inventors: Pablo Heigi Nakaoka Santucci, Artur Hess, Jr.
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Patent number: 8806967Abstract: An improved immersible oxygen probe for molten metals has a gas permeable body including an immersion end and a support end adapted for being supported by a lance. An oxygen cell and a thermocouple are supported in the immersion end of the body. An unobstructed gas flow passageway is provided through the gas permeable bodies and through the probe body from the immersion end to the support/connector end whereby gases released from the molten metal and sensor body during immersion readily pass through the probe and can escape from within the probe. Thus rapid analysis of the molten metal with improved accuracy within a few seconds after immersion is achieved.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 2009Date of Patent: August 19, 2014Assignee: Keystone Sensors, LLCInventors: Ascencion Z. Villarreal, V, Paul A. Turner, Richard A Falk
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Patent number: 8689650Abstract: An improved immersible oxygen probe for molten metals has a gas permeable body including an immersion end and a support end adapted for being supported by a lance. An oxygen cell and a thermocouple are supported in the immersion end of the body. An unobstructed gas flow passageway is provided through the gas permeable bodies and through the probe body from the immersion end to the support/connector end whereby gases released from the molten metal and sensor body during immersion readily pass through the probe and can escape from within the probe. Thus rapid analysis of the molten metal with improved accuracy within a few seconds after immersion is achieved. The probe contains a sample mold at least partially positioned in an unconfined portion of the permeable body.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 2011Date of Patent: April 8, 2014Assignee: Heraeus Electro-Nite Co., LLCInventors: Ascencion Z. Villarreal V, Paul A. Turner
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Patent number: 8671735Abstract: A device is provided for collection of gases in molten metals, the device having an immersion end with a gas collection body, a gas supply line opening at the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for gases penetrating the gas collection body. The gas collection body is impermeable to molten metal and has an end face arranged on the immersion end and side walls of the collection body. At least a portion of the gas collection body has a gas impermeable layer arranged on a surface of the side walls of the gas collection body. A measurement method is also provided using the device.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 2011Date of Patent: March 18, 2014Assignee: Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V.Inventors: Erik Gerits, Paul Clement Verstreken, Jos Swennen, Jozef Theodoor Aegten
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Publication number: 20130042666Abstract: An immersion probe for analysis of gases in molten metal is provided. The immersion probe generally comprises a gas sampler, a gas injection tube and a porous ceramic filter. The porous ceramic filter has a groove that associates it to the gas sampler, the groove comprising an outer portion and an inner portion with respect to the gas sampler, the inner portion of the porous ceramic filter having an increase in body for better association of the porous ceramic filter to the gas sampler. An adhesive material provides mechanical support of the porous ceramic filter, the adhesive material being located in both the inner portion and the outer portion of the gas sampler.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 14, 2012Publication date: February 21, 2013Applicant: ECIL Met Tec Ltda.Inventors: Pablo Heigi Nakaoka Santucci, Artur Hess, JR.
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Patent number: 8353194Abstract: A method for the indirect determination of the waste gas rate in metallurgical processes. A reference gas such as helium is first added to the waste gas, specifically at a time which, with respect to flow, sufficiently precedes the taking of a sample such that a thorough mixing of the reference gas and waste gas is carried out, i.e., a virtually homogeneous distribution is achieved, and a quantitative helium analysis and nitrogen analysis of the waste gas, measured by a mass spectrometer, is carried out while taking into account the added amount of helium.Type: GrantFiled: August 8, 2008Date of Patent: January 15, 2013Assignee: SMS Siemag AGInventor: Johann Reichel
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Publication number: 20120090376Abstract: A device is provided for collection of gases in molten metals, the device having an immersion end with a gas collection body, a gas supply line opening at the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for gases penetrating the gas collection body. The gas collection body is impermeable to molten metal and has an end face arranged on the immersion end and side walls of the collection body. At least a portion of the gas collection body has a gas impermeable layer arranged on a surface of the side walls of the gas collection body. A measurement method is also provided using the device.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 13, 2011Publication date: April 19, 2012Applicant: HERAEUS ELECTRO-NITE INTERNATIONAL N.V.Inventors: Erik GERITS, Paul Clement VERSTREKEN, Jos SWENNEN, Jozef Theodoor AEGTEN
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Patent number: 8113035Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting hydrogen in steel. According to the method, hydrogen contained in steel is transferred into and preferably concentrated in at least one second material. Representative second materials include metals such as vanadium, niobium, tantalum, and their alloys. Upon transfer to the second material, the hydrogen is detected and preferably quantitatively determined. The data obtained with the method enables conclusions to be drawn about the presence of hydrogen in steel. Preferably, the concentration of hydrogen in steel is quantitatively determined from information obtained about the presence of hydrogen in the second material.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 2007Date of Patent: February 14, 2012Inventors: Reiner Kirchheim, Peter-Joachim Wilbrandt, Jurgen Gegner
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Patent number: 8104325Abstract: A device is provided for collection of gases in molten metals, the device having an immersion end with a gas collection body, a gas supply line opening at the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for gases penetrating the gas collection body. The gas collection body has an end face arranged on the immersion end and side walls of the collection body, and at least one part of the gas collection body has a gas impermeable layer. A measurement method is also provided using the device.Type: GrantFiled: July 9, 2008Date of Patent: January 31, 2012Assignee: Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V.Inventors: Erik Gerits, Paul Clement Verstreken, Jos Swennen, Jozef Theodoor Aegten
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Publication number: 20110271737Abstract: An improved immersible oxygen probe for molten metals has a gas permeable body including an immersion end and a support end adapted for being supported by a lance. An oxygen cell and a thermocouple are supported in the immersion end of the body. An unobstructed gas flow passageway is provided through the gas permeable bodies and through the probe body from the immersion end to the support/connector end whereby gases released from the molten metal and sensor body during immersion readily pass through the probe and can escape from within the probe. Thus rapid analysis of the molten metal with improved accuracy within a few seconds after immersion is achieved. The probe contains a sample mold at least partially positioned in an unconfined portion of the permeable body.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 23, 2011Publication date: November 10, 2011Inventors: Ascencion Z. Villarreal, V, Paul A. Turner
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Patent number: 8042378Abstract: A gas amount measuring device including a vacuum container, a first pipe, an air release valve being attached to the first pipe, a second pipe, a calibration gas generator being attached to the first pipe, a third pipe, a vacuum gauge, a first valve, a leak valve, a second valve, a turbomolecular pump, a third valve, and a roughing pump being attached to the third pipe in order from a vacuum container side, a first bypass pipe connecting the third pipe between the vacuum container and the first valve to the third pipe between the leak valve and the second valve, a fourth valve being attached to the first bypass pipe, and a second bypass pipe connecting the third pipe between the leak valve and the second valve to the third pipe between the third valve and the roughing pump, a fifth valve being attached to the second bypass pipe.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 2008Date of Patent: October 25, 2011Assignees: Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Nikkin Flux Inc.Inventors: Tetsuya Abe, Toshihisa Hatano, Hajime Hiratsuka, Koichi Hasegawa, Yasuhide Tajima, Soichiro Omachi
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Patent number: 8011223Abstract: In the hydrogen remaining sensor of the present invention, the hydrogen remaining sensor is arranged in a space in which the hydrogen is absorbed/released by the main hydrogen storage alloy, and is equipped with the vessel-like sensor main body in which the sensor hydrogen storage alloy is filled and through which the hydrogen is moved. Also, the easy-to-deform portion in which the strain is caused easily due to the hydrogen absorption/release of the sensor hydrogen storage alloy is provided to a part of the sensor main body, and the strain gauge for measuring the strain of the easy-to-deform portion is provided. As a result, according to the hydrogen remaining sensor of the present invention can contribute to sense precisely a remaining amount of hydrogen in the main hydrogen storage alloy.Type: GrantFiled: January 23, 2008Date of Patent: September 6, 2011Assignee: The Japan Steel Works, Ltd.Inventors: Yasuhiro Fujita, Yoshinori Kawaharazaki, Yasushi Owaki, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Takashi Iwamoto
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Patent number: 7866201Abstract: A method and device for the measurement of dissolved gas within a fluid. The fluid, substantially a liquid, is pumped into a pipe. The flow of the fluid is temporally restricted, creating one or more low pressure regions. A measurement indicative of trapped air is taken before and after the restriction. The amount of dissolved air is calculated from the difference between the first and second measurements. Preferably measurements indicative of trapped air is obtained from one or more pressure transducers, capacitance transducers, or combinations thereof. In the alternative, other methods such as those utilizing x-rays or gamma rays may also be used to detect trapped air. Preferably, the fluid is a hydraulic fluid, whereby dissolved air in the fluid is detected.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 2007Date of Patent: January 11, 2011Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventor: Narinder Kumar Tutu
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Patent number: 7685863Abstract: A device is provided for measuring the gas content in a molten metal, the device including an immersion end having a gas-collecting body, a gas supply line opening on the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for the gases passing through the gas-collecting body. The gas-collecting body contains materials, which in contact with the molten metal do not form liquid reaction products.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 2006Date of Patent: March 30, 2010Assignee: Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V.Inventors: Erik Gerits, Jacques Plessers, Jos Swennen
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Publication number: 20100005853Abstract: A device for sensing hydrogen based on palladium or palladium alloy nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are deposited on a resistive substrate, to permit sensing of less than 1% hydrogen; wherein the nanoparticles are deposited as islands on a continuous resistive layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 3, 2006Publication date: January 14, 2010Applicant: NANO-PROPRIETARY, INC.Inventors: Thomas Visel, Prabhu Soundarrajan, Igor Pavlovsky, Mohshi Yang
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Patent number: 7578913Abstract: The invention relates to a probe (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) for the measurement of the oxygen activity of metal melts, in particular steel melts, comprising a reference substance (2) of known oxygen activity in electrically conducting contact (3) with a measuring device; and comprising a solid electrolyte predominantly oxygen ion conducting and negligibly electron conducting at high temperatures and separating the reference substance (2) from the metal melt and having an entry surface (4) for oxygen ions which is in contact with the metal melt, wherein the entry surface (4) of the probe ready for operation is covered by a functional foil arrangement (10,20) in close contact to the entry surface (4).Type: GrantFiled: November 20, 2003Date of Patent: August 25, 2009Assignee: Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc.Inventors: Wilhelm Merkens, Norbert Schmitz
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Publication number: 20090178460Abstract: A gas amount measuring device including a vacuum container, a first pipe, an air release valve being attached to the first pipe, a second pipe, a calibration gas generator being attached to the first pipe, a third pipe, a vacuum gauge, a first valve, a leak valve, a second valve, a turbomolecular pump, a third valve, and a roughing pump being attached to the third pipe in order from a vacuum container side, a first bypass pipe connecting the third pipe between the vacuum container and the first valve to the third pipe between the leak valve and the second valve, a fourth valve being attached to the first bypass pipe, and a second bypass pipe connecting the third pipe between the leak valve and the second valve to the third pipe between the third valve and the roughing pump, a fifth valve being attached to the second bypass pipe.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 16, 2008Publication date: July 16, 2009Inventors: Tetsuya Abe, Toshihisa Hatano, Hajime Hiratsuka, Koichi Hasegawa, Yasuhide Tajima, Soichiro Omachi
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Publication number: 20090013757Abstract: A device is provided for collection of gases in molten metals, the device having an immersion end with a gas collection body, a gas supply line opening at the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for gases penetrating the gas collection body. The gas collection body has an end face arranged on the immersion end and side walls of the collection body, and at least one part of the gas collection body has a gas impermeable layer. A measurement method is also provided using the device.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 9, 2008Publication date: January 15, 2009Applicant: HERAEUS ELECTRO-NITE INTERNATIONAL N.V.Inventors: Erik GERITS, Paul Clement VERSTREKEN, Jos SWENNEN, Jozef Theodoor AEGTEN
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Publication number: 20080196476Abstract: A device is provided for measuring the gas content in a molten metal, the device including an immersion end having a gas-collecting body, a gas supply line opening on the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for the gases passing through the gas-collecting body. The gas-collecting body contains materials, which in contact with the molten metal do not form liquid reaction products.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 27, 2006Publication date: August 21, 2008Applicant: HERAEUS ELECTRO-NITE INTERNATIONAL N.V.Inventors: Erik Gerits, Jacques Plessers, Jos Swennen
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Patent number: 7306951Abstract: A measuring apparatus and method for use in measuring diffusible hydrogen concentrations in materials, structures, and other objects. In an embodiment of the invention for use in welding applications, the measuring apparatus (10) includes a sensor assembly (20) that, with an included sealing member (40), defines a sample area (17) on a weld bead (16) from which hydrogen evolves into a sample volume (18) defined by the sealing member (40), a sensor housing (34) and a sensor (22) of the sensor assembly (20). The hydrogen reacts with a sensing layer (28) and a reflector layer (30) positioned on the end of an optical fiber (24), all of which are included in the sensor assembly (20) and are sealably positioned within the sensor (22).Type: GrantFiled: June 8, 2000Date of Patent: December 11, 2007Assignee: Midwest Research InstituteInventors: David K. Benson, Thomas R. Wildeman, R. Davis Smith, David L. Olson
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Patent number: 7302827Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of gas, such as hydrogen, in a liquid, such as molten aluminum, without requiring a bias or adjustment to compensate for variations in ambient conditions, such as humidity. A measurement system includes a probe connected to an analyzer with a housing enclosing a pump assembly. The measurement system may include a climate-controlled environment substantially devoid of ambient humidity and surrounding at least the pump assembly. A modified pump assembly includes at least one seal, at least one diaphragm and at least one gasket made from a material compatible with hydrogen and substantially unaffected by ambient humidity. A method of use is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 2006Date of Patent: December 4, 2007Assignee: Alcoa Inc.Inventors: Todd M. Gansemer, Jim N. Hart
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Patent number: 7254983Abstract: A hydrogen gas storage container has a canister with at least one outlet opening for charging and discharging gas, the canister enclosing a metal hydride capable of absorbing and desorbing hydrogen gas and a gauge for measuring the capacity of hydrogen remaining within the hydride material. To further permit distribution of the hydrogen throughout the hydride material, a porous matrix may be disposed within said metal hydride material for providing efficient distribution of hydrogen gas to said metal hydride material. The fuel gauge may further comprise subassemblies for determining the hydrogen capacity, each of which depends for operation on a different property of the metal hydride material.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 2001Date of Patent: August 14, 2007Assignee: Hera USA Inc.Inventors: David H. DaCosta, P. Mark Golben, David C. Tragna
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Patent number: 7237428Abstract: A hydrogen gas storage container has a canister with at least one outlet opening for charging and discharging gas, the canister enclosing a metal hydride capable of absorbing and desorbing hydrogen gas and a gauge for measuring the capacity of hydrogen remaining within the hydride material. To further permit distribution of the hydrogen throughout the hydride material, a porous matrix may be disposed within said metal hydride material for providing efficient distribution of hydrogen gas to said metal hydride material. The fuel gauge may further comprise subassemblies for determining the hydrogen capacity, each of which depends for operation on a different property of the metal hydride material.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 2004Date of Patent: July 3, 2007Assignee: Hera USA, Inc.Inventors: David H. DaCosta, P. Mark Golben, David C. Tragna
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Patent number: 7086274Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of gas, such as hydrogen, in a liquid, such as molten aluminum, without requiring a bias or adjustment to compensate for variations in ambient conditions, such as humidity. A measurement system includes a probe connected to an analyzer with a housing enclosing a pump assembly. The measurement system may include a climate-controlled environment substantially devoid of ambient humidity and surrounding at least the pump assembly. A modified pump assembly includes at least one seal, at least one diaphragm and at least one gasket made from a material compatible with hydrogen and substantially unaffected by ambient humidity. A method of use is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 2003Date of Patent: August 8, 2006Assignee: Alcoa Inc.Inventors: Todd M. Gansemer, Jim N. Hart
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Publication number: 20040089054Abstract: A sensor element of a gas sensor is described, this sensor being used to determine the concentration of at least one component of a gas mixture, in particular in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. It includes at least two electrodes (22, 23) which are situated in an internal gas space (15) which is in direct contact with the gas mixture, the one electrode (22) containing a first material and the second electrode (23) containing a second material. The internal gas space (15) contains a means (34, 26, 38, 39) which acts physically and/or chemically to prevent diffusion of metal between the electrodes (22, 23).Type: ApplicationFiled: December 16, 2003Publication date: May 13, 2004Inventors: Berndt Cramer, Carsten Springhorn, Detlef Heimann, Gudrun Oehler, Margret Schuele, Bernd Schumann, Thorsten Ochs, Sabine Thiemann-Handler
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Publication number: 20040003648Abstract: A nethod for determining carbon and silicon contents in a molten cast iron is disclosed. The method consists of steps for carrying out thermal analysis the molten cast iron poured into a first sampling vessel to which a small amount of tellurium is added and a second sampling vessel to which a small amount of silicon is added, and comparing the primsary crystal temperatures in the molten cast iron in the first and second sampling vessels.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 3, 2000Publication date: January 8, 2004Inventors: Mayuki Morinaka, Tsuyoshi Okuzono
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Patent number: 6627155Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for analyzing elements contained in a sample in very slight amounts, such as C, S, O, N, H and the like in materials, such as steel and ceramics. An element analyzer can gasify the sample elements in an appropriate gas, such as oxygen gas in a high-frequency heating furnace or an electric resistant furnace. Resulting gas can be introduced into a mass spectrometer to permit a quantitative analysis of the sample elements. A metal sample can be levitated and heated and melted with induction current for producing the resultant gas for introduction to a mass spectrometer.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1999Date of Patent: September 30, 2003Assignee: Horiba, Ltd.Inventors: Takeshi Uemura, Akihiro Hirano, Juichiro Ukon
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Patent number: 6523416Abstract: A delayed fracture is effectively prevented by appropriately setting a shape and working stress, and working environment of a high strength member having more than 1,000 MPa of tensile strength. For this end, the relationship between a maximum value of diffusible hydrogen contents of unfailed specimens (Hc) and Weibull stress are found and the content of diffusible hydrogen entered into steel from the environment due to corrosion during the use of the steel member (He) is also found. Then, Weibull stress in the Hc that is equal to the He is found, thus determining the shape and working stress of the steel member so as to provide stress below the Weibull stress.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 2001Date of Patent: February 25, 2003Assignees: Kawasaki Steel Corporation, National Institute For Material ScienceInventors: Shusaku Takagi, Kaneaki Tsuzaki, Tadanobu Inoue
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Patent number: 6216526Abstract: An immersion probe for determination of the concentration of a gas dissolved in molten metal includes a gas and molten metal-permeable, disk. A gas analysis method using the probe entails introducing into said metal through the probe inert gas streams which may contain a concentration of hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen gas which is greater or less than that contained in the molten metal. The dissolved concentrations of the two gases after passage through the metal are compared and enable accurate computation of the content of hydrogen gas dissolved in the metal. Using a mass spectrometer with argon as an inert carrier, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen concentrations may be determined by a single test procedure.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1998Date of Patent: April 17, 2001Assignee: Midwest Instrument Co., Inc.Inventors: Thomas W Junker, Richard A Falk
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Patent number: 6209384Abstract: Apparatus for determining gas content in a liquid metal. The apparatus includes a hollow tubular probe having one end for disposal in the liquid metal, and the other end connected to a housing containing a gas sensing element. A hollow piston is located in the hollow probe for disposal in the liquid metal through the end of the probe disposed in the liquid metal, the piston having a lower porous end. A solenoid coil having a plunger translatable in the coil is connected to means mechanically connecting the plunger to the piston for vertically moving the piston in the liquid metal.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 1999Date of Patent: April 3, 2001Inventor: Daniel A. Anderson