Abstract: Systems and methods for determining amount of solid ammonia stored in a canister used in providing ammonia fluid in exhaust gas after-treatment systems. A microcontroller sets an ammonia level based on the data read from an RFID tag associated with the canister. The data may provide the amount of solid ammonia stored in the canister or a tag number that the microcontroller may use to retrieve the quantity of stored solid ammonia. A measured amount of ammonia fluid used during the treatment process may be used by the microcontroller in determining the amount of solid ammonia depleted from the canister. At predetermined precisions, the amount of depleted ammonia is subtracted from the set ammonia level to determine the remaining amount of solid ammonia in the canister. This determined amount of may be used to reset the ammonia level and be written onto the RFID tag.

Abstract: A liquid level sensing system including a housing configured to hold a liquid, a first temperature sensor connected to the housing and configured to output a first signal representing a first temperature measured at the first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor connected to the housing and configured to output a second signal representing a second temperature measured at the second temperature sensor, and a circuit configured to receive the first and second signals as input and to provide an output signal proportional to the time rate of change of the difference between the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the real-time determination of the filling level of a cryogenic tank intended to house a two-phase liquid/gas mixture, in which at least one of the the level, volume or mass contained in the tank is calculated for the liquid or the gas at each time step. The method includes the use of a thermal model at each time step to calculate the average temperatures of the liquid and the gas in the tank on the basis of the measured pressure differential and at least one of the pressures of said differential; calculation of the change over time in at least the density of the liquid on the basis of the average temperature of the liquid and the pressures in the tank.

Abstract: In a method for measuring the level of liquid cryogen in a cryogen vessel, a current pulse is applied to a cryogen level probe includes an ignition current pulse part of sufficient magnitude to ensure that a resistive front propagates down the probe to below the liquid cryogen surface; a recovery current pulse part allowing that part of the superconducting wire below the surface of the liquid cryogen to return to a superconducting state; and a measurement current pulse part of sufficient magnitude and duration to allow an accurate measurement of the superconducting wire's resistance to be measured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for detecting the remaining quantity of liquid hydrogen stored in a hydrogen storage device. In this system, the remaining quantity of liquid hydrogen is calculated accurately without being affected by the previous state in a tank. The internal pressure of the tank is detected. A fixed heat quantity is applied into the liquid hydrogen. The pressure in the tank after the application of heat quantity is detected. The volume of phase-transited hydrogen gas is calculated based on the heat quantity applied into the tank. The change amount of pressure in the tank before and after the application of heat quantity is calculated based on the pressure and the pressure. The remaining quantity of liquid hydrogen in the tank is calculated based on the volume of hydrogen gas and the change amount of pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining at least one process variable of a medium in a container or in a pipeline. The apparatus including: at least a first element and a second element, which are necessary components of the apparatus for determining the process variable and which contact at a contact location, which is exposed to a process temperature. The first element comprises a first material, and the second element comprises a second material. The first material and the second material are selected and matched to one another in such a manner that at the contact location between the first material and the second material a thermovoltage dependent on the difference between the process temperature and a reference temperature arises; and a temperature determining unit measures the thermovoltage and determines the process temperature therefrom.

Abstract: An in-line fuel properties measurement unit (IFPMU) (50) for in-line assembly in a fluid flow path, in particular a fuel flow path of an aircraft, includes a compensator section (58) and a densitometer section (60). The densitometer section is connected in-line with the compensator section such that full fluid flow is seen by each section. The IFPMU further includes a circuit card having tabs or “arms” for electrically interfacing with cylinders of the compensator section, wherein the cylinders include reliefs formed therein to create an air gap between the cylinder and the tab.

Abstract: A fill-level measuring device with a membrane, which is placed in such a manner on one of the two end region of a tubular housing that it seals the housing on such end region. An oscillatable unit is placed on the side of the membrane facing away from the housing, with a driver/receiver unit, which is composed of a plurality of piezoelectric elements arranged in a stack. The driver/receiver unit is placed via a pressure screw unit in such a manner in the housing that it oscillates in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the housing between the membrane and the pressure screw unit. The driver/receiver unit excites the oscillatable unit via the membrane to execute oscillations, with a control/evaluation unit, which evaluates amplitude, frequency and/or phase of the oscillations of the oscillatable unit and with a temperature sensor for determining temperature of the medium.

Abstract: A device and a method are used for measuring the filling level of a fluid for monitoring a dispense/aspirate process in reaction vessels, including at least one cavity for dispensing and aspirating the fluid, where the cavity is provided with a filling level sensor whose signals, transmitted to an evaluation unit, are evaluated to determine the filling level, the at least one cavity is assigned a receiving body which is closed at the bottom and is separated from the cavity for receiving the fluid, the filling level sensor is at least one thermistor extending along the outside of a wall of the receiving body without coming in contact with the fluid he the evaluation unit evaluates the temperature influence of the thermistor in dispensing, aspirating and in retention of the fluid in the receiving body to detect the filling level, in this way the process monitoring in washing the reaction vessels is improved.

Abstract: A sealing device for a device for measuring a fill level in a fluid container, particularly in a pressure container of a nuclear facility, includes at least one thermocouple which is connected by a pressure pipe to the pressure container and a pipeline connected to the pressure pipe to an evaluation unit. The pressure pipe and the pipeline are connected to each other by a pipe screw connection including a central part having two threaded pieces. One threaded piece is connected by a screw connection to a pipe sleeve and the other threaded piece is connected by a further screw connection to the pressure pipe.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for providing a temperature compensated measurement of the level of a liquid in a tank. The device includes a transducer for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals, a waveguide connected to the transducer and adapted to extend into the liquid, and at least one device for directing a flow of heat transfer fluid originating from a heat transfer system along the exterior of a portion of the waveguide which during operation is located above the liquid level. Further, a device is disclosed for controlling a heat regulating device adapted to regulate a temperature of a liquid in a tank, including a transducer for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals, a waveguide connected to the transducer, the waveguide having a reference portion located above the liquid surface, and a control device configured to measure the speed of sound in the reference portion as an indication of a temperature in the liquid, and control the heat regulating device based on the indicated temperature.

Abstract: A transducer for determining the liquid level within a container that is subjected to at least partial solidification at or below a freezing temperature is provided. The transducer includes a mounting head adapted for connection to the container, a liquid level sensor adapted for extending into the container from the mounting head; and a heating unit extending through the mounting head. The heating unit is constructed of at least one tubular member that surrounds or encircles the liquid level sensor. Heated fluid from a fluid source is circulated through the at least one tubular member for heating the contents of the tank at least within the vicinity of the liquid level sensor. A fluid withdrawal tube can also be in close proximity to the at least one tubular member so that the contents of the tank surrounding the heating unit can be removed even when the remaining tank contents are in a frozen state.

Abstract: A system for providing different versions of a modularly structured apparatus for determining a physical process quantity, wherein at least two devices to be generated from the system are based on different measuring principles, including a number sensor units (41-48), each sensor unit being designed for detecting a determined physical measuring quantity and for converting said measuring quantity into an electrical measuring signal, wherein at least two of the sensor units are distinguished from each other by their underlying measuring principles; at least one evaluation unit (10), adapted to connect to the sensor units, for evaluating and generating a process quantity signal representing the physical process quantity from the measuring signal of a sensor unit; at least one output unit (13) for outputting the process quantity signal; at least one voltage supply unit (16); and at least one housing unit (22-24) configured to accommodate at least the evaluation unit.

Abstract: A method detects the level of ink in a print head reservoir by monitoring the power drawn by a thermistor positioned within the print head reservoir by an electrical conductor.

Abstract: An apparatus for level measuring in a flexible tank with a level sensor for non-contact detection of the level of the liquid in the tank, which detects the surface of the liquid across a flexible wall of the tank, and means for holding the level sensor in a position above the flexible wall of the tank.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the cast level measurement in a mold by means of sensors for fiber optic temperature detection, which are disposed in the mold copper plate at the height of the casting level. The invention further comprises respective sensors. Fiber optic cables are disposed in said sensors, which allow simple, reliable and highly locally resolved temperature monitoring at the height of the casting level by means of a suitable temperature analysis system. By means of the temperatures determined by the sensors, a conclusion can be made as to the exact height of the casting level. Furthermore, the shape of the casting level shaft may be determined by means of which further parameters of the casting process become accessible.

Abstract: A method of measuring a level of liquid cryogen, comprising the steps of immersing a liquid cryogen level probe in a liquid cryogen, applying a propagation current to the heater (26) to induce quench in at least an adjacent part of the superconductive material (22); removing the propagation current from the heater; applying a measurement current to the superconductive material; and measuring (30) a voltage across the superconductive material thereby to determine the level of the liquid cryogen. In articular, the method comprises the steps of monitoring (40) the voltage across the superconductive material while the propagation current is being applied; and ceasing application of the propagation current in response to the detection of a voltage across the superconductive material which exceeds a certain threshold level.

Abstract: A liquid state detecting sensor for detecting a state of a liquid including a liquid concentration detecting element, a holder member, and an enclosing member as defined herein, wherein the holder member has a configuration in which respective portions of a lower end surface facing the enclosed region are located higher than or at a same height as a lowest hole periphery at the rim of the element holding hole from which the detecting element protrudes, and at least one of circulation holes formed in the enclosing member is a bubble-discharging hole which has an upper end located higher than the lowest hole periphery and a lower end located lower than a surface peripheral edge of the lower end surface.

Abstract: The detection device for measuring the quantity of hot water remaining inside a storage reservoir and more particularly inside a tank (2) of a water heater (3, 30), comprises a capillary tube (10) containing a heat-carrying fluid which is placed either inside, or outside the tank (2) of the water heater (3, 30) and an indicator device (12) coupled to said capillary tube (10), said indicator device (12) comprising an amplifying device (15) disposed outside said tank (2) and making it possible to transmit under the effect of the expansion of the fluid contained in the capillary tube (10) either a motion to a member (16), or a variation in resistance to an electronic measurement card (24) in such a way as to continuously indicate the quantity of hot water available remaining in the tank (2) of the water heater (3, 30).

Abstract: A method for monitoring the fill level of a liquid in a liquid container, in particular for monitoring the coolant fill level in a reactor pressure vessel of a pressurized water reactor system, wherein a determination is made about the drop in the liquid level below the installed height of a heated thermal element by way of the temperature difference measured between said heated thermal element and an unheated thermal element associated therewith, both of said elements being disposed in the liquid container, said method comprising the especially reliable triggering of an alarm with a short response time while maintaining a low level of physical and controls engineering complexity when the liquid level to be monitored falls below a critical value.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the filling level in a liquid vessel, in particular in a reactor vessel of a nuclear-engineering plant, with a plurality of elongate, spaced-apart measurement tubes. Each measurement tube has a number of thermocouples which are distributed in the longitudinal direction. A thermocouple, which acts as a primary signal transmitter, is heated by a heating element and is arranged on a first measurement tube, has assigned to it on the signal side an unheated thermocouple, which acts as a reference signal transmitter and is arranged on a measurement tube which is different from the first measurement tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to implement a trolling device. The trolling device can assist maritime sports fishermen in defining the actual water depth and/or water temperature of the location at which a lure is situated in troll. The readings from the device enable an angler to adjust variables such as boat speed, length of line deployed and ballast weight to adjust to desired depth. The device comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a micro-controller chip, a printed circuit board, an LCD display, and a cycle switch, all housed within a dense metal (for ballast), water-proof body designed specifically for deep marine submersion and in-line trolling. The device has a pre-programmed data-logging algorithm that is activated by a fisherman via a magnetic controlled reed switch prior to letting out trolling line with the device set in-line to the trolling gear. Upon retrieving the device, the fisherman can view the data to place or reset the trolling lures/rigs, as necessary, at the appropriate zone.

Abstract: A pencil-shaped electrical heating element, in particular for application in a device for measuring filling level in a liquid container, in particular in a reactor chamber of a nuclear plant, contains an electrically-conducting sleeve and at least one electric line embedded therein which is in conducting contact with the sleeve. The electrical line has at least two line sections with differing electrical properties and/or thermal conductivities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a superconducting level measuring apparatus for liquid hydrogen in liquid hydrogen vessels, in particular vehicular tanks, a superconductor (1) based on magnesium diboride MgB2 being arranged vertically or inclinedly to the vertical in a liquid hydrogen vessel (5), and a controllable heat source (2) being arranged on the upper region of the superconductor (1), the superconductor (1) being electrically contacted with a controllable current source (3) as well as a voltage measuring apparatus (4) and the level being measured by measuring a voltage. The MgB2 material is preferably employed as a filament wire. Continuous level measurements of high spatial and temporal resolution can be implemented in uncomplicated fashion. The level measuring apparatus and the method are also suitable for level measurement of liquid neon.

Abstract: A fluid identification device of long life for identification of a target fluid. The device uses at least two liquid type detection parts each of which is equipped with both of a temperature detector and a heating element, selects electrical conduction to any one of the heating elements, and identifies the target fluid based on a fluid temperature detection signal of the temperature detector in the fluid detection part not including the heating element whose electrical conduction has been selected and an output of the fluid type detection circuit.

Abstract: An immersion thermowell with an electrically isolated sensor tube allows for ready conduction of heat energy to a temperature sensor probe. An electrical signal originating on the fluid container chassis can be conducted into the water, which can then be conducted to the electrically isolated thermowell tip and the signal can be made available to control apparatus.

Abstract: A separator for separating F.O.G. from an effluent that contains F.O.G. includes a tank, an inlet to the tank for receiving effluent that contains F.O.G., and an outlet to allow grey water to leave the tank. The tank has a size to enable stratification of a layer of F.O.G. present in the tank on water in the tank, and first and second thermocouples are positioned at differing levels in the tank. Conductors couple the thermocouples to sensors, and differing voltages in the thermocouples can be sensed to determine if the thermocouples are surrounded by F.O.G. or water.

Abstract: The invention describes a method and a device for simultaneously determining the mass, volumes or types of substance samples in a plurality of small cavities (2), particularly of wells in microtiter plates. According to the method, energy is supplied by an energy source (5) to the wells, which are partially or completely filled with samples. Depending on the mass thereof, the samples thus heat up more or less strongly. The determination of the substance volumes in the individual cavities is therefore based on temperature measurement. The simultaneous capturing of the sample temperature in the individual cavities can advantageously be performed by an infrared camera functioning as a detector (6). By implementing suitable calibration and measurement routines in an evaluation unit (7), the entire system, which substantially comprises an energy source and a detector, can be configured such that the substance volumes in the individual cavities are displayed directly.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device (1) for measuring the position of the bed and surface of a river, in which the device comprises a support (2) along which a plurality of measurement areas (5) and means (3, 5) suitable for determining the local heat dissipation in each measurement area (5) are defined; the present invention also concerns a method for determining the position of such interfaces, in which a device (1) according to the present invention is arranged so that it intersects the interface, ensuring that one or more measurement areas (5) are immersed in each of the means constituting the interface and finding the value of the power dissipated in the measurement areas (5) from the temperature measured at said means.

Abstract: A liquid state detecting sensor is provided in which a level detecting unit for detecting the level of a liquid and a concentration detecting unit for detecting the concentration of a particular component contained in the liquid are integrated. In a liquid state detecting sensor 100 capable of measuring the level and a urea concentration of a urea aqueous solution, a level detecting unit 70 and a liquid property detecting unit 30 are connected in an insulated state. An outer cylinder electrode 10 and an inner electrode 20 for forming the level detecting unit 70 form a capacitor, and level detection is performed on the basis of the electrostatic capacity which changes in response to the level of the urea aqueous solution which is present therebetween. A holder 120 for holding a ceramic heater 110 is fitted to a leading end portion 21 of the inner electrode 20, and the holder 120 is supported inside a leading end portion 11 of the outer cylinder electrode 10 by a rubber bushing 80.

Abstract: A control device includes a control unit and an evaluation unit that is configured to generate a control signal by which the control unit is impinged upon. The control unit is provided with a voltage source and a reference resistor that can be connected in series to a sensor resistor whose value depends on the temperature thereof. An output voltage of the voltage source drops on the sensor resistor and the reference resistor in the connected state. The reference resistor is dimensioned in such a way that the maximum power loss of the sensor resistor lies in the specified value range of the sensor resistor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining a liquid level in a boiler (12) of an apparatus (10) having a temperature sensor (24) for sensing a temperature (T) which is indicative of a temperature of the liquid inside the boiler (12), comprising the steps of: inducing a temporary deflection of the temperature (T) sensed by the temperature sensor (24); determining an evaluation temperature (Tev) sensed by the temperature sensor (24) after inducing the deflection; and determining the liquid level from at least the evaluation temperature (Tev). Advantageously, the invention provides that the evaluation temperature (Tev) is determined by monitoring the deflection and by defining an extreme value (Tmax, Tmin) of the deflection as the evaluation temperature (Tev). Further, the present invention relates to an steam generating apparatus adapted for executing such a method, a domestic appliance having such a steam generating apparatus.

Abstract: A system for sensing a fuel level includes sensors that sense the fuel level and a voltage source that applies a constant voltage to the sensors for a predetermined time. The system includes a control module that measures outputs of the sensors at a beginning and at an end of the predetermined time. The control module determines a number of the sensors that are submersed in fuel or air based on the outputs and calculates the fuel level based on the number of the sensors that are submersed in fuel or air.

Abstract: A sensor includes a first set of electrodes, a second set of electrodes, and at least one electrical circuit. The first set of electrodes is completely submergible in a fluid. The second set of electrodes is partially submergible in the fluid. The at least one electrical circuit is configured to measure resistance of the fluid between the first set of electrodes and configured to measure resistance of the fluid between the second set of electrodes.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directed towards improved systems and methods for the delivery of a urea solution to an exhaust gas treatment system. In one particular exemplary embodiment, a urea tank assembly is provided. The urea tank assembly includes a reservoir defining a fluid inlet opening for receiving urea solution and a fluid outlet opening for discharge of the urea solution. The urea tank further includes a vented hollow member located within the reservoir. The vented hollow member defines an internal hollow portion and a plurality of openings for providing fluid flow between the reservoir and the internal hollow portion. The urea tank further includes a heater located along the vented hollow member to cause heating of urea solution within the internal hollow portion and the reservoir. The urea tank further includes a fluid pump located within the reservoir.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the object of enhancing a known positioning device such that it also enables the use of rod-shaped measuring devices having a uniform length, even for measuring points located at varying depths of an object, such as an extrusion die. This object is achieved according to the invention in that a sleeve is provided, which is connected at an axial extension to the distal end of the cylindrical guide element from the object, and in which the spring element and the measuring apparatus are also guided, and that the second stop for the spring element can be axially displaced beyond the distal end of the cylindrical guide element from the object with the help of the sleeve, and fixed.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a refrigerant level comprises a first detecting unit installed at a lower side of the inside of a refrigerant tank, for detecting whether a refrigerant stored at a lower side of the inside of the refrigerant is a liquefied refrigerant or a gaseous refrigerant, a second detecting unit installed at an upper side of the inside of the refrigerant tank, for detecting whether a refrigerant stored at an upper side of the inside of the refrigerant tank is a liquefied refrigerant and a gaseous refrigerant, and a control unit controlling intake and discharge of the liquefied refrigerant according to a value measured by the first detecting unit and the second detecting unit.

Abstract: A system for providing different versions of a modularly structured apparatus for determining a physical process quantity, wherein at least two devices to be generated from the system are based on different measuring principles, including a number sensor units (41-48), each sensor unit being designed for detecting a determined physical measuring quantity and for converting said measuring quantity into an electrical measuring signal, wherein at least two of the sensor units are distinguished from each other by their underlying measuring principles; at least one evaluation unit (10), adapted to connect to the sensor units, for evaluating and generating a process quantity signal representing the physical process quantity from the measuring signal of a sensor unit; at least one output unit (13) for outputting the process quantity signal; at least one voltage supply unit (16); and at least one housing unit (22-24) configured to accommodate at least the evaluation unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the filling level in a liquid vessel, in particular in a reactor vessel of a nuclear-engineering plant, with a plurality of elongate, spaced-apart measurement tubes. Each measurement tube has a number of thermocouples which are distributed in the longitudinal direction. A thermocouple, which acts as a primary signal transmitter, is heated by a heating element and is arranged on a first measurement tube, has assigned to it on the signal side an unheated thermocouple, which acts as a reference signal transmitter and is arranged on a measurement tube which is different from the first measurement tube.

Abstract: In many applications, where the level of a liquid needs to be monitored (and possibly controlled), it is not necessary to provide a continuous (analog) liquid level signal, but limit sensing to one (or two) discrete levels over a small level range. In this case, a ceramic substrate sensor with discrete thermistor/heater pairs provides necessary information to control the level of the fluid. Protection of the substrate from liquid (and potential contaminants) is accomplished by coating the surface with an inert glass (“glaze”) layer and/or polymer layer (e.g., “Parylene”). Packaging of the coated substrate is accomplished by protective base, epoxy, and slosh shield. Cost can be significantly reduced over a prior art multiple thermocouple based sensor design, since discrete electronic components are avoided or reduced. Also, the number of pins, and therefore electrical connections, can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus, which is capable of, even under a microgravity environment, detecting a position of a surface of a liquid, such as liquid fuel, contained in a tank, and determining a volume of the liquid, in a simple and accurate manner. The apparatus comprises a vessel adapted to contain therein a liquid, heating means provided on a wall surface of the vessel to heat the liquid contained in the vessel, temperature measuring means provided adjacent to the heating means to measure a temperature change occurring due to the heating by the heating means, and processing means operable, based on the temperature change measured by the temperature measuring means, to calculate a volume of the liquid contained in the vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus to allow for temperature measurement and simultaneous detection of fluid level is disclosed. An immersion thermowell with an electrically isolated sensor tube allows for ready conduction of heat energy to a temperature sensor probe. An electrical signal originating on the fluid container chassis is conducted into the water, which is then conducted to the electrically isolated thermowell tip and the signal is made available to control apparatus.

Abstract: A hermetic compressor includes a housing which accommodates a motor and a compressing mechanism, an oil surface sensor mounted to a side wall of the housing, and refrigerating machine oil. The oil surface sensor is integrally formed of a detector for detecting a position of the oil surface of the refrigerating machine oil and a hermetic terminal. The hermetic terminal is placed at an end of a cylindrical tube having a smaller diameter than that of the housing, and the detector of the oil surface sensor is disposed inside the cylindrical tube.

Abstract: A method for sensing a volume of fluid located in an oil sump of a motor vehicle transmission includes repetitively determining a rate of change of a temperature of the oil, repetitively determining an acceleration of the vehicle, counting the number of occurrences in which said acceleration is greater than a reference acceleration and said rate of change of the temperature is greater than a reference rate of change of temperature, and producing an indication that the volume of fluid is low, if said number is greater than a reference number.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for detecting the remaining quantity of liquid hydrogen stored in a hydrogen storage device. In this system, the remaining quantity of liquid hydrogen is calculated accurately without being affected by the previous state in a tank. The internal pressure of the tank is detected. A fixed heat quantity is applied into the liquid hydrogen. The pressure in the tank after the application of heat quantity is detected. The volume of phase-transited hydrogen gas is calculated based on the heat quantity applied into the tank. The change amount of pressure in the tank before and after the application of heat quantity is calculated based on the pressure and the pressure. The remaining quantity of liquid hydrogen in the tank is calculated based on the volume of hydrogen gas and the change amount of pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a volume of liquid within a vessel is described. The apparatus includes a plurality of devices each having electrical properties that are dependent on a temperature of the device, a constant current source coupled to the plurality of devices, and a unit configured to output a signal based on an amount of voltage at by the plurality of devices. The amount of voltage is based on a number of the plurality of devices immersed in the liquid, and a number of the plurality of devices not immersed in the liquid.

Abstract: A liquid state detecting sensor is provided in which a level detecting unit for detecting the level of a liquid and a concentration detecting unit for detecting the concentration of a particular component contained in the liquid are integrated. In a liquid state detecting sensor 100 capable of measuring the level and a urea concentration of a urea aqueous solution, a level detecting unit 70 and a liquid property detecting unit 30 are connected in an insulated state. An outer cylinder electrode 10 and an inner electrode 20 for forming the level detecting unit 70 form a capacitor, and level detection is performed on the basis of the electrostatic capacity which changes in response to the level of the urea aqueous solution which is present therebetween. A holder 120 for holding a ceramic heater 110 is fitted to a leading end portion 21 of the inner electrode 20, and the holder 120 is supported inside a leading end portion 11 of the outer cylinder electrode 10 by a rubber bushing 80.

Abstract: A liquid level detecting method is provided for detecting the level of a liquid at a high accuracy by performing correction by using the density of the liquid, in the case of detecting the liquid level by using a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor (3) is arranged to have a contact with the liquid. A liquid pressure applied to the pressure sensor (3) is detected by the pressure sensor, and the liquid level is calculated based on the liquid pressure and the density of the liquid.

Abstract: A technique that is usable with a well includes disposing a distributed temperature sensor in a conduit that traverses a region of the well. The region contains at least two different well fluid layers. The technique includes circulating a fluid through the conduit and using the distributed temperature sensor to observe at least one temperature versus depth profile of the fluid. Based on the observation, the depth of a boundary of at least one of the well fluid layers is determined.

Abstract: A detection apparatus for measuring fluid in a vessel, comprising: at least one processor for receiving, processing and storing data from sensors in the vessel, at least one vertical support disposed within the vessel and at least one pair of sensors connected to the at least one vertical support. The sensors continuously provide measurement data to the processor, wherein the processor synchronously polls measurement data from the sensors, continuously calculates values, and compares the calculated values to at least one predetermined range of values for the fluid in the vessel to identify whether the calculated values are within the predetermined values. The processor communicates the compared value to a data collector.