Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a housing, an interior chamber of which is sealed by a diaphragm, and a flexible measuring element, which is positioned separately. In addition, the pressure sensor includes a transmission element, which is formed as a chip and is used to transmit force from the diaphragm to the measuring element. In response to a selected deformation of the measuring element, a stop element comes into contact with a region of the transmission element and opposes the applied force. Therefore, it forms an overload protection. The stop element may be configured as a bending bar and/or form a second measuring element, the first measuring element being configured to measure relatively low pressures, and the second measuring element or stop element being configured to measure relatively high pressures. The pressure sensor thus provides a plurality of measuring ranges.

Abstract: A method of forming a color filter on a substrate having pixel driving elements. A substrate having a plurality of light-transmitting areas and active areas is provided. A pixel driving element is formed on the substrate in each active area, wherein an insulation layer is formed between each pixel driving element. A planarization layer is formed on the pixel driving elements and the insulation layer. Part of the planarization layer is removed to form contact holes and openings, wherein the contact holes expose part of the pixel driving elements, and the openings expose the insulation layer in the light-transmitting areas. Color pigment is filled into the openings to form a color filter on the substrate having the pixel driving elements. Transparent pixel electrodes are formed in the contact holes to electrically connect the pixel driving elements, wherein the transparent electrodes extend onto part of the color filter.

Abstract: A heat loss gauge for measuring gas pressure in an environment includes a resistive sensing element and a resistive compensating element. The resistive compensating element is in circuit with the sensing element and has temperature response and physical characteristics substantially matching those of the resistive sensing element and is exposed to a substantially matching environment. An electrical source is connected to the sensing element for applying current to heat the sensing element relative to the compensating element. Measuring circuitry is connected to the sensing element and the compensating element for determining gas pressure in the environment to which the sensing element and compensating element are exposed based on electrical response of the sensing element and the compensating element.

Abstract: A pressure sensor device is described that has a diaphragm acted upon by a working medium, on a first side, and a sensor chip, which is disposed on a second side of the diaphragm that is remote from the working medium. There is formed in the sensor chip a measuring bridge having four sensor elements, which form two pairs disposed parallel, and the pairs are disposed at right angles to one another. The sensor elements are disposed such that they are closely spaced apart from one another in the edge region of the sensor chip that faces toward the central point of the diaphragm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an air pressure sensor is disclosed. A plurality of sensor circuitry modules are formed on a first side of a silicon wafer. A plurality of cavities on a second side of the silicon wafer are formed. Each of the plurality of cavities is aligned with one of the plurality of sensor circuitry modules. A glass wafer is attached to the second side of the silicon wafer. The silicon wafer and the glass wafer are cut such that a single sensor circuitry module is separated from the other sensor circuitry modules and a portion of the glass wafer remains attached to the sensor circuitry module so that the cavity opposite the sensor circuitry module is enclosed by the portion of the glass wafer to form a reference pressure chamber therebetween. The sensor circuitry module is flexibly mounted to an interior surface of a sensor housing. The sensor circuitry module is electrically connected to external conductive connectors.

Abstract: A fuel pressure sensor 12 which receives air 62 from an intake manifold 58 and fuel 15 from a fuel rail 14 and which uses the received air 62 and fuel 15 to measure the fuel pressure within the fuel rail 14. The fuel pressure sensor 12 further including a semi-permeable membrane or member 60 which allows the air 62 to pass into the fuel pressure sensor 12 while concomitantly preventing the fuel 15 from passing into the intake manifold 58.

Abstract: Sensors for mounting in fluid chambers respond electrically to low pressures in the fluid, while resisting damage or leakage at high pressures. A flexible diaphragm, mounted at one end of a housing, is sandwiched between first and second annuli, leaving a center portion free to move in response to fluid pressure changes. The diaphragm moves a cylinder, which reciprocates in the second annulus against an adjustable spring bias. Travel of the cylinder away from the fluid is limited by a stop. Once the stop is reached, increased pressure on the diaphragm forces it against a fixed wall composed of a face of the second annulus and a face of the cylinder. The forces on the diaphragm are then all compressive. This enables the use of an easily flexed diaphragm for low pressure sensitivity, while resisting damage from high pressures. The moving cylinder is used to move a magnet that actuates a Hall effect switch, a Hall effect analog output transducer, or a reed switch.

Abstract: A semiconductor pressure detecting device which effectively reduces stress that occurs on a base member due to welding between cap and the base member or any external load. The semiconductor pressure detecting device includes a semiconductor sensor element capable of detecting a strain and/or stress that occurs on a thin-walled pressure receiving portion; a pedestal seat for joining and supporting the semiconductor sensor element; a base member for joining and supporting the pedestal seat; and a cap member welded and joined to the base member so as to cover the base member, the pedestal seat and the semiconductor sensor element.

Abstract: To obtain a pressure detection apparatus capable of changing output characteristics in a large area and changing a received pressure range without largely changing the apparatus in design.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is provided which can detect the presence, absence or magnitude of pressure, as well as a pressure profile. The pressure sensor includes a sensor membrane and a sensor device. The sensor membrane is flexible and may be constructed of a conductive material or may include a flexible film attached to a conductive film. The sensor device includes a sensor strip, a voltage source, and an electrical sensor. The sensor strip includes both a conductive strip and a resistive strip. The conductive strip is arranged parallel to the resistive strip. As pressure is applied to the sensor membrane, the sensor membrane distends or deforms towards the sensor strip. As sufficient pressure is applied, the sensor membrane will make both electrical and mechanical contact with both the conductive strip and the resistive strip at a point along the length of the sensor strip. Since the sensor membrane is conductive, the conductive strip and the resistive strip will be in electrical connection with each other.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is provided which can detect the presence, absence or magnitude of pressure. The pressure sensor includes a sensor membrane and a sensor device. The sensor membrane is flexible and may be constructed of a conductive material or may include a flexible film attached to a conductive film. The sensor device includes an electrode substrate having an electrode surface and a set of electrodes disposed on the electrode surface. As pressure is applied to the sensor membrane, the sensor membrane distends or deforms towards the electrode set positioned on the electrode surface. As sufficient pressure is applied, the sensor membrane will make both electrical and mechanical contact with at least two of the electrodes. Since the sensor membrane is conductive, the contacted electrodes will be in electrical connection with each other. As pressure is increased, additional electrodes will be contacted and placed in electrical contact with each other.

Abstract: A pressure sensor has a movable diaphragm stretched directly between the annular pressing surfaces of two housing parts, and an electrical measuring device. In an area that is located radially outward as viewed from the pressing surfaces, the diaphragm has a sealing ring that abuts both housing parts. As a result, transverse vibrations of the diaphragm are reliably supported.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure-sensitive resistor in which the resistance between two electrode patterns varies in response to applied pressure, wherein the desired pressure-sensitive characteristics of the resistor can be readily achieved by appropriately adjusting the degree of the planar-positional difference between the two electrode patterns.

Abstract: When a compressed air is led into a reference pressure chamber along with a boundary between a resin housing and a terminal, such compressed air may cause a wire breaking. A barrier wall for blocking the compressed air from penetrating toward the wire is disposed. The reference pressure chamber is divided into a main chamber and a subchamber by the barrier wall. Since the barrier wall blocks the compressed air, the compressed air can not reach a silicon gel in the main chamber. Therefore, the wire breaking caused by the compressed air when connecting a connector therewith can be precluded.

Abstract: The first glass substrate having the first pressure admitting entrance for leading the pressure of fluid to be measured, is arranged at a side of a diaphragm of a pressure sensor, for measuring differential pressure. The second glass substrate is arranged at the side opposite to the first glass substrate, a spacer being sandwiched therebetween. The second pressure admitting entrance is formed at the second glass substrate, at the position opposite to the first presser admitting entrance of the first glass substrate. The first conductive film and the second conductive film are formed on two surfaces facing to each other, of the first and second glass substrates, respectively. By measuring the specific conductance and the dielectric constant of the object fluid between the two conductive films, these physical constants indicating the quality of the fluid, the quality of the fluid can be also detected.

Abstract: An oil pressure sender unit is disclosed which employs a two-part housing with a reinforced rubber diaphragm disposed between the two housing parts in order to isolate a pressurized oil cavity from a dry circuit cavity which contains the electrical components of the sender unit. In the preferred embodiment the reinforced diaphragm includes a peripheral lip which mates with a corresponding groove located within one part of the housing which is a metal base. The base has an axially extending inlet passage with a damper plug inserted therein which together defines a plurality of volume chambers that receive high pressurized pulsating oil at the inlet side and, because of its design, delivers a smooth flow of high pressurized oil to the underside of the diaphragm. This causes less wear on the electrical contacts that engage a two-sided circuit card which has a resistor circuit on one side and an on/off circuit on the opposing side.

Abstract: A wiper actuating mechanism for use in an oil pressure measuring gague is equipped with an additional auxiliary spring plate and a push rod guide sleeve in addition to an improved two-arm wiper and a round diaphram board which is provided with a vertical flange on the periphery thereof for confining a rubber packing in place. The two-arm wiper can assure constant contact of the wiper with two sides of a winding board on which a resistive wire is attached; and the push rod guide sleeve can retain a slidable push rod in place which is not welded to the diaphram board and to move linearly so as to precisely pivot the two-arm wiper; the auxiliary spring plate disposed right under the diaphram board is also intended to reinforce the operation of the diaphram.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is provided in which the pressure sensing components are isolated from a portion of an attached buffer member which is connected to a fluid conduit. The offset characteristic of the pressure sensor isolates stress from being transmitted between an attached external fluid conduit and the sensitive components of the pressure sensor. One embodiment of the pressure sensor solders a fluid conduit structure to a buffer member that is attached to a pressure sensor die. An alternative embodiment of the present invention avoids the need for making solder connections between the sensor structure and external components by utilizing elastomeric conductors and pressure seals in association with the pressure sensor composite structure and first and second housing structures. These elastomeric conductors also provide improved stress isolation. The housing structures are used to compress to the seal and the elastomeric conductor against selected portions of the composite sensor.

Abstract: A signaling gauge may utilize a magnetically actuated variable resistor made up of a plurality of noncaptivating, magnetically actuated switch elements, each of which is mounted in an influence zone of a path of a magnet carried on an arm of a condition sensor such as a gauge movement. The arm may be an indicating pointer of the gauge. The gauge may alternatively utilize a magnetically-sensitive, variable-resistance element in a contactless arrangement with a magnet. The variable resistance element may include a plurality of noncaptivating, magnetically actuated switch elements and associated resistors mounted in an influence zone of a path of a magnet. The contactless arrangement eliminates the need for electromechanical contacts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pressure gauge which is mainly composed of two parts, a pressure sensing element and an electronic processing and displaying unit. The pressure sensing element includes an elastic member and a variable resistor whose resistance value can be varied by the force of the pressure. An output electrical signal is occasioned by the electronic circuit, which is in proportions corresponding to the resistance value of the variable resistor. The electronic processing and displaying unit will further process the output electrical signal and display the value of the pressure in an indicator, preferably a liquid crystal display (LCD). The pressure goes through a calibration process every time when the power is just turned on to calibrate an initial output electrical signal occasioned by the variable resistor.

Abstract: An improved pressure transducer having a switching device operated in response to changes in fluid pressure is disclosed which incorporates a terminal support member having electrical contacts which are designed to be electrically bonded to and mechanically interlocked with electrical contacts provided within the housing. The invention also includes an improvement in the piston contacts for preventing scratching of the resistor board. A method is provided for permanently connecting terminals of the housing with the mating metal connector terminals once they have been properly calibrated and connecting the housing ground strap with the terminal support member.

Abstract: A pressure sensor that utilizes an extension type conductive elastomer that will exhibit a decrease in its electrical resistance in response to an extension thereto. Like sheets of the conductive elastomer and an electrically insulative elastomer are overlaid and sandwiched between supporting members within a housing of the pressure sensor. The housing and each supporting member are preferably cylindrical or ring shaped, and which conductive elastomer has a pair of spaced electrodes electrically connected thereto at opposite points on its periphery. The periphery of the electrically insulative elastomer is squeezed continuously in a circle between the supporting members, while that of the conductive elastomer that includes recesses is squeezed therebetween discontinuously in the sections between the electrodes.

Abstract: A condition responsive sending and indicating unit for sensing a condition and transmitting a signal representative of the sensed condition to an indicator at a remote location. The sending unit includes indicia for giving an indication of the sensed condition at the site of the unit, and has a movable contact operatively associated with a variable resistor in circuit with the remote indicator, whereby a variable signal is produced in response to variation in the sensed condition. Calibration of the unit is accomplished by adjustment of the set point of the movable means, and by adjustment of the position of the resistor relative to the movable contact.

Abstract: An improved pressure transducer to measure and indicate fluid pressure levels including a housing in which a piston assembly is movable in response to pressure changes, the housing being of a composite material of metal and plastic and having grooves therein, the piston having bosses formed thereon to be engaged within the grooves of the housing to prevent rotation of the piston. The transducer is also designed to facilitate grounding of an electrical contact assembly located within the housing. The external portion of the housing may be formed in a hexagonl shape to facilitate installation and removal of the unit.

Abstract: A fluid pressure transducer with an electrical switch structure therein including a conductor which is movable relative to fixed contacts as influenced by the force of internal spring forces whereas the relative positioning of a spring's end in the housing is adjustable after the transducer's assembly thereby effectively calibrating the switch's opening and closing characteristics relative to a predetermined fluid test pressure.

Abstract: A sensor circuit on a face of a ceramic substrate providing reliable continuous monitoring of fluid pressure in a closed chamber, said circuit being used in combination with a wiper arm having two or more contacting points that passes over and maintains continuous electrical contact with conductor contact pads of the circuit and converts the position of the contacting points of the wiper arm to predetermined resistance values which are converted into fluid pressures in a closed chamber, for example, to record the oil pressure in an automobile crankcase.

Abstract: A fluid pressure transducer with an efficient mechanism to transform linear movements of a diaphragm mid portion, for example, into rotative movements of an electrical contact assembly which is slidably interactive with a resistive circuit board means.

Abstract: A pressure transducer to measure and indicate fluid pressure levels including a housing in which a diaphragm and piston assembly is movable in response to pressure changes, the piston having a portion extending therefrom to engage a switch contact thereby disengaging the switch when the fluid pressure falls below a desired level.

Abstract: A pressure transducer (10; 10') having a silicon diaphragm (14; 14') and an insulating glass base (11; 11'). Surfaces (16, 12; 16', 12') of the diaphragm and glass base are anodically bonded together to form a hermetic seal for an internal reference cavity (24; 24') therein and also to provide hermetic protection for critical areas (70, 77; 70', 80, 81) on the silicon diaphragm. A plurality of semiconductor components are synthesized in an area (70; 70') in the silicon diaphragm. A plurality of conductors (71-73; 71'-73') are embedded (sealed) in the glass base so as to provide external electrical access to the semiconductor components without disrupting the hermetic seal provided between the silicon diaphragm and the glass base.

Abstract: An electronic control circuit for a bridge resistance circuit (10) of a transducer (20) has a switchable source of constant magnitude current (22) to direct current pulses of constant amplitude through the bridge circuit. A temperature setpoint detector (24) generates a temperature signal (TA) to a control logic circuit (26) when the circuit attains a predetermined temperature. The control logic circuit periodically turns on the current and directs a sample and hold network (32) to read the transducer output when the predetermined temperature is reached by enabling a gate (30). The control logic circuit turns off the current by applying a signal to the source of current after a reading of transducer output is taken. The current through the transducer develops its output, heats up the transducer and generates the temperature signal.

Abstract: A pressure transducer having a magnetoresistive element and a magnet displaced with a diaphragm. A magnet supporting device is mounted on an element supporting device both for slidable movement in the displacement-direction of the magnet and for rotatable movement about an axis in the direction, so that the pressure transducer is capable of having a O-point adjustment and a magnetic sensitivity adjustment made independently of each other without interaction between the two when the transducer is assembled.

Abstract: A pressure transducer comprises a movement which has separate span and set-point calibrations. A subsequent calibration of the span does not adversely influence a previous calibration of the set-point. Sensed pressure is reflected as arcuate motion of a crank mechanism along a resistor. The span calibration is performed by adjusting the position of the resistor in relation to the crank's pivot. The pivotal mounting of the crank is provided by a pivot member disposed within a slot. Adjusters in transverse slots which intersect the pivot mounting slot act upon the pivot member to establish the set-point calibration. The transducer is especially well suited for fabrication and calibration by automated equipment.

Abstract: A high density miniature sensor circuit useful for measuring pressure changes in a fluid in a closed chamber, comprising a high density of resistor segments gapped about 0.002 inches and conductors as contact pads which conductors are permanently affixed to a ceramic substrate is disclosed.

Abstract: A pressure responsive assembly including an actuator rod coupled to a pressure source through a rolling type diaphagm. The other end of the actuator rod is connected to a wiper assembly. A first part of the wiper assembly contacts a coil of resistance wire to provide a first signal indicative of the pressure. A second part of a wiper assembly moves into and out of contact with a switch contact pad as the sensed pressure crosses a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A pressure converter which comprises a cylindrical main body consisting of an outer casing portion and an inner casing portion, said outer casing having a pressure inlet and being divided by a diaphragm into an air-tight chamber above the diaphragm and an operation chamber below the diaphragm, a piston supported by a pair of annular spring plates within the operation chamber for vertical movement and having an engaging member provided at one end, a stopper interposed between the spring plates, a magnetic resistance provided in a lower portion of the operation chamber to produce output voltage which varies depending upon the position of a permanent magnet positioned on a movable member in opposition to the magnetic resistance and a spring anchored to the inner casing portion and the movable member to normally bias the movable member to engage the piston.

Abstract: A transducer for establishing an output voltage proportional to an input fluid pressure supplied thereto. The transducer has a resistor with a voltage selector movable in electrical contacting engagement therewith to establish the output voltage. A piston actuates the voltage selector to its electrical contacting engagement with the resistor to establish the output voltage in response to the input fluid pressure acting on a diaphragm arranged in driving engagement with the piston.

Abstract: A pressure receiving element for receiving an external pressure is attached to one end of a body and a temperature compensating diaphragm is attached to the other end of the body. A coupling shaft disposed in the body is fixed at both ends to the pressure receiving element and the diaphragm, respectively. A liquid is sealed in the body and means is provided for detecting displacement or force applied to the coupling shaft in accordance with a pressure received by the pressure receiving element. The diaphragm has corrugations of concentric circles and the crests of a plurality of them are made flat and one of the flat crests is fixed to the body. The effective area of the diaphragm inside of the flat crest that is fixed to the body is selected substantially to be equal to the effective area of the pressure receiving element.

Abstract: The housing has a flexible diaphragm secured over a fluid pressure inlet port in one end thereof, and a cover secured over an opening in the opposite end thereof. A plunger is mounted to reciprocate in the housing between said diaphragm and said cover in response to changes in fluid pressure at the inlet. Secured in the housing beneath the cover is a ceramic chip or substrate, which has a plane surface that extends normal to the axis of the plunger. A spirally shaped resistor element is printed or otherwise formed on the face of the chip, and a conically coiled compression spring is located in the housing between the resistor element and the plunger, and in such manner that its outer convolution at the larger end thereof is engaged with the outer convolution of the spirally shaped resistor element. The smaller end of the spring is connected to the plunger to be reciprocated thereby toward and away from the resistor element.

Abstract: This pressure sender or transducer comprises a metal housing having a steel cover and containing a rolling diaphragm which is secured over a cavity in the housing to communicate at one side with fluid under pressure, such as the oil in the crankcase of an automobile. Mounted centrally in the opposite side of the diaphragm is a rigid cup, which rotatably supports one end of a reciprocable plunger which in one embodiment carries two sets of equi-angularly spaced, resilient metal wipers or contacts, four of which are slidably engaged with the cylindrical operating surface of a printed resistor, which is mounted in the closed end of the cover, and four others of which are slidably engaged with the inner peripheral surface of the cover itself. The resistor comprises a steel can having a thin layer of porcelain baked on its outer peripheral surface, and a thin, cylindrical layer of resistance material printed and baked onto the porcelain layer with one end in electrical contact with the steel can.

Abstract: An indicator for measuring the liquid content of a container comprises a sensor disposed within the container. The sensor comprises a resistor disposed within a housing and in communication with a movable wall thereof, the movable wall located near the lower end of the housing. The housing resides in proximity with the bottom wall of the container and registers with the external ambient through an opening provided in one wall thereof.

Abstract: An intake air density sensor for an internal combustion engine comprises a receptacle in the form of a flask including a spherical chamber and a tubular portion having a very fine diameter, a pressure responsive casing at least whose part is made of an elastomeric membrane and communicated with the receptacle, a gas and a conductive liquid hermetically sealed in the receptacle and pressure responsive casing, respectively, so as to locate a boundary surface between the gas and liquid in the tubular portion, and a resistor longitudinally arranged in the tubular portion so as to form short-circuiting means by the conductive liquid for the resistor, thereby detecting densities of a fluid to be measured by converting variations in pressure of fluid into variations in volume of the pressure responsive casing or sealed gas and further converting variations in position of the boundary surface of the conductive liquid into values of electrical resistances of the resistor without affecting the positional movement of th

Abstract: A liquid filled differential pressure transmitter includes a metallic measurement diaphragm within a pressure chamber and a pair of isolation diaphragms sealing the chamber from the process fluid which serve to transmit the applied pressure signals to the measurement diaphragm. The isolation diaphragms bottom against mating back-up surfaces to limit deflection of the diaphragm during overrange pressure conditions. An electrically conductive liquid fills the chamber so that measurable electrical resistances are established through the liquid between the measurement diaphragm and a pair of electrodes adjacent thereto formed on opposite walls of the chamber. As the measurement diaphragm deflects in response to applied pressure signals, the electrical resistance between the diaphragm and each of the electrodes changes providing an output signal which is a function of the applied differential pressure.

Abstract: An automated electronic microsurgical control system is disclosed which is capable of performing the various aspiration functions customarily performed manually by a surgical assistant. The system is entirely subservient to the surgeon's foot control unit which is adapted to control seven different surgical functions. In addition, the electronic control system is designed to communicate audibly with the surgeon regarding actual fluid flow and the build-up of vacuum pressure in the aspiration lines connected to the microsurgical cutting instrument, thus permitting the surgeon to audibly ascertain complete information as to the actual activity within the aspiration line without requiring him to take his eyes from the operating microscope.

Abstract: An elongated tubular housing has differential pressure transducers at spaced points therealong and electrically insulated therefrom by a mounting means. Each mounting means has a diaphragm exposed to pore water pressure and a diaphragm exposed to hydrostatic pressure at its location. The opposite sides of a third diaphragm are responsive to the pore water pressure and hydrostatic pressure. Conductors are provided on opposite sides of the third diaphragm to measure differential conductance which is analogous to excess pore water pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multiple function pressure sensor for use in combination with an electronic fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine. The preferred embodiment has two pressure sensitive elements in a single housing which generate signals indicative of the absolute pressure in the engine's intake manifold and the absolute value of the ambient or atmospheric pressure. Included electronic circuitry subtracts the value of the engine's manifold pressure from the value of the atmospheric pressure and generates a third pressure signal indicative of the difference between the manifold pressure and atmospheric pressure. These three pressure signals are utilized in the electronic fuel injection system for computing the fuel requirements of the engine under various operating conditions.

Abstract: An ambient pressure sensor generates an electrical signal which varies in response to changes in ambient pressure level. The sensor includes a sealed bellows or aneroid which varies in length as the ambient pressure varies. A fluid motor including a piston slidably mounted within the housing carries a tube which extends to a position adjacent one end of the aneroid. The end of the tube defines a valve seat which cooperates with a valve member carried on the end of the aneroid to control communication of atmospheric pressure through the tube and into the power chamber defined between the piston and the end of the housing. The power chamber is connected with a vacuum source, so the atmospheric pressure communicated through the tube varies the pressure level in the power chamber as a function of ambient atmospheric pressure, since the aneroid controls communication through the tube. Consequently, the piston and tube move relative to the housing as the ambient pressure changes.

Abstract: A pressure transducer of miniature design with a silicon diaphragm which is provided with a monolithic resistor arrangement, the resistance of which changes with the deformation of the diaphragm in which the diaphragm is arranged between two overload bodies, one of which rests on a support body, whose surfaces facing the diaphragm are each provided with a pressure chamber and pressure canals to obtain an overload-proof pressure transducer which is very small and can be used for measuring large pressure differences.