Abstract: An air sampling device and method of sampling air. The device has a housing body and a retaining assembly for a sampling device. A plenum has a top end coupled to the housing body about an opening such that the plenum is in flow communication with the opening and receives air flow generally from the top end to the bottom end generally along the longitudinal length thereof. A flow connection is coupled to the bottom end of the plenum. A mass flow meter has an input coupled to the flow connection and is in flow communication with the plenum via the flow connection. A blower is configured to draw air past the sampling device, through the opening, and through the plenum, such that a measuring portion of the air flows through the flow connection and through the mass flow meter, which measured the flow rate of the measuring portion.

Abstract: An aircraft air quality testing system includes a portable housing unit to be removably placed within an aircraft; an air testing unit secured inside the portable housing unit and including: a sensor to receive an air sample during a plurality of oxygen generation system cycles and engine thrust settings of the aircraft; a removable collection media to receive the air sample from the sensor and filter targeted chemicals from the air sample; and a plurality of analyzers to perform a real-time chemical analysis of the air sample and the filtered targeted chemicals. A first computer is operatively connected to the portable housing unit and includes: a processor to receive the real-time chemical analysis and generate real-time chemical analysis and flow rate data; a memory device to store the real-time chemical analysis and flow rate data; and a display device operatively connected to the portable housing unit.

Abstract: A motor drive and method to control a motor in a fluid system. The method may comprise determining a pressure; determining a proportional error as a limited difference between the pressure and a pressure setpoint; determining an integral step as a limited proportional error; determining an integral error as a limited sum of the integral step and a preceding unbound integral error; determining an error as the product of the integral error, the proportional error, and a gain factor; and generating a control signal to cause the inverter to output a motor voltage to drive the motor and maintain the pressure about the pressure setpoint.

Abstract: A system that includes a gas sensor, a fresh air flow controller, a sample flow controller, and a system controller. The fresh air flow controller is configured to deliver fresh air to the gas sensor. The sample flow controller is configured to deliver a sample to the gas sensor. The system controller has a processor connected to memory storing instructions that are executable by the processor. When executed, the instructions cause the processor to determine an intermix ratio of the sample to the fresh air, instruct the fresh air flow controller and the sample flow controller to deliver the fresh air and the sample, respectively, to the gas sensor in accordance with the intermix ratio, and receive a sensor reading from the gas sensor after the fresh air flow controller and the sample flow controller have adjusted the fresh air and the sample, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a continuous isokinetic sampling device of a stack gas having a suction nozzle to which a cross-sectional area control device is attached, and a continuous automatic measurement system of fine dusts in the stack gas combined with the same, the device and system being configured to continuously separate and automatically measure the suspended particles into PM10 (Particulate Matter Less than 10 ?m) and PM2.5 (Particulate Matter Less than 2.5 ?m) by introducing a suction gas into a particle size separation device (cascade Impactor) at a constant flow rate of 16.67 l/min, simultaneously with removing an measurement error caused due to inertia force of the suspended particles by automatically adjusting the cross-sectional area of the suction nozzle to suck the sample at the same flow rate as that of the stack gas in the stationary source emissions.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining samples from a process, and which can be located in the process, which comprises a gate which reciprocates between a first position and a second position to fill and empty a sample chamber via corresponding inlets and outlets. The gate may pivot within the chamber about a longitudinal axis through the chamber, and a dam prevents fluid flow directly between the inlets and outlets. The inlets may provide outlets, and vice versa, depending on the direction of movement of the gate. Means such as pumps may be provided to agitate the fluid samples obtained by the apparatus, and sensors mounted in the sample chamber (for example on the gate or on the dam) can perform measurements on the samples. Wipers may be provided on the gate to assist in the ingress and egress of samples into and out of the sample chamber. It is also possible to inoculate the fluid samples within the sample chamber.

Abstract: A sampler apparatus is disclosed. The sampler apparatus comprises an impactor assembly comprising a nozzle plate, an impaction plate, and a filter unit. The nozzle plate comprises a plurality of nozzles for channelling an air stream through the sampler apparatus. The impaction plate is adapted to collect particulate matter having size equal to or greater than a threshold size. The filter unit is adapted to collect particulate matter having size less than or equal to the threshold size. The sampler apparatus further comprises a control assembly coupled with the impactor assembly. The control assembly comprises one or more flow control devices to maintain a predetermined air-flow rate of the air stream within the sampler apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus controls the sampling of a fluid flow related event by: receiving a selection of one or more situational parameters and a selection of a calculation basis parameter and value; performing a computation that calculates and outputs a result containing a listing of parameters and two sets of associated parameter values corresponding to a flow trigger, based on the selected calculation basis parameter and the selected situational parameters. The parameter values include both a precise computational result and a situation-specific best fit result. The method includes triggering a sampling mechanism to initiate collection of samples of the fluid flow based on the best fit result. The computation of the result comprises: executing a fluid flow trigger calculation program that computes the flow trigger based on an analysis of both the situational parameters with associated situational parameter values and the selected calculation basis parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a Coriolis mass flow meter including: a measuring tube; an one exciter for generating vibrations in the measuring tube; two sensors for detecting the vibrations in the measuring tube and for outputting associated sensor signals; and an operating and evaluating unit for determining a mass flow value of a medium in the measuring tube based on a phase difference or time difference between the sensor signals, wherein for Reynolds numbers below a Reynolds number threshold a cross-sensitivity to a viscosity of the medium correlates with a Stokes number, wherein the operating and evaluating unit is configured to determine a current value of the Stokes number for Reynolds numbers below the lower Reynolds number threshold and to compensate for the influence of the cross-sensitivity in the determining of the mass flow.

Abstract: A method of determining at least one point of entry of smoke into a smoke detection system, the system having a sampling pipe network including at least one sampling pipe and a plurality of sampling inlets through which an air sample can enter the at least one sampling pipe of the smoke detection system for analysis by a particle detector, said method including: determining a volume of sample air that has passed through at least part of the smoke detection system since a predetermined event or a value corresponding to said volume; and determining through which sampling inlet of the plurality of sampling inlets the smoke entered the smoke detection system based, at least in part, on the determined volume or value. Systems for implementing such a method and related methods are also described.

Abstract: A sampling device having at least two inputs each configured to receive samples from a corresponding feedstock input line and a sample accumulator. The device also includes a mass flow controller associated with each feedstock input line, each mass flow controller having a sample output and being configured to receive a signal representative of the flow rate at each input, where each mass flow controller adjusts the flow rate of its respective sample from its respective sample output in response to receiving representative signals. Further the device includes at least a first and second sample output line respectively connected with a sample output of each mass flow controller, each sample output line being connected to an input of the sample accumulator for introduction to the sample accumulator of samples from the output of the mass flow controllers.

Abstract: An example method for collection and analysis of particles from a particle generating source enclosed within an enclosure having an inlet and an outlet is described. The method includes supplying filtered air into the enclosure through the inlet, extracting, with a vacuum source, an aerosol stream including particles from the particle generating source through the outlet, directing the aerosol stream from the outlet of the enclosure to the vacuum source via a sampling tower. The sampling tower includes at least one nozzle for sampling the aerosol stream. The method includes detecting, with a detection instrument coupled to the nozzle, at least one characteristic of the particles in the aerosol stream, and outputting data concerning the detected characteristic of the particles in the aerosol stream to a computing device.

Abstract: An exhaust gas collector for use in a duct of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system includes generally T-shaped tubular sample members having closed upstream ends, downstream ends and spaced apart exhaust collection holes. The downstream ends of the tubular members are fluidly coupled at a common collection location in the center of the duct. The tubular members are positioned in the duct with the exhaust collection holes at locations distributed across a cross sectional area of a duct to collect exhaust samples from across the cross sectional area of the duct. All exhaust gas samples collected by the exhaust gas collector are collected by one of the sample members having a downstream end coupled to the common collection location. A non-sample collecting accumulator tube is fluidly coupled to the common collection location of the tubular sample members. A sensor senses the mixed exhaust gas in the accumulator tube.

Abstract: Sampling of a broad range of chemicals using a handheld sampler body, having a sample screen in a sampling cassette; where a sample screen housing further consists of a locking arm arrestor body, where, the locking arm arrestor body including a draw tube, and where the sampling screen can be positioned in either a retracted or extended positioned regarding a sample access face. When activated, the system executes collecting and sampling operations of chemicals, by exposing the extended sampling screen to a sampling environment, drawing through the draw tube, air from the sampling environment, further collecting, onto the surface of the sample screen solid particles and/or pressing the sample screen against the surface(s) of object in the sampling environment. Then, removing the sampling screen from the sampling environment and isolating the plurality of airborne chemical contaminants, by retracting a sample screen into the sample screen housing.

Abstract: A probe for measuring an agent in gas and liquid form comprising: a body including an inner chamber and comprised of a porous material; and a heating element in thermal communication with the porous material.

Abstract: An information display and control device of an air purifying respirator comprises: a blower motor; a pulse width modulation drive unit controlling rotation of the blower motor; a temperature sensor; an air flow sensor; an oxygen sensor; a voltage detection unit for a battery; a differential pressure sensor detecting a differential pressure value of a filter; a switch input unit for a user to input predetermined temperature, air flow, and oxygen amount and operation commands; a controller executing a diagnostic mode, calibrating the oxygen sensor, calculating a detected value of the voltage detection unit to determine whether the voltage is low, comparing the detected value of the differential pressure sensor with a reference to determine whether the filter is absent or clogged, and comparing the detected value of the oxygen sensor with a reference to determine whether oxygen is insufficient or excessive; and an alarm output unit outputting an alarm.

Abstract: HVAC methods and systems are provided for issuing a component change notification to a user when an air filter or other replaceable component should be changed. In some instances, an HVAC controller may solicit information from a user that is related to one or more features of the replaceable component (e.g. air filter) of the HVAC system. This can include, size, type, model number and/or any other suitable feature, parameter and/or property. In some cases, the time before a component change notification message is issued by the HVAC controller may be dependent on, determined by, and/or adjusted based on the received information. In some instances, the HVAC controller may display at least some of the received information in a subsequently issued component change notification message.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems for sampling fluid and providing fluid to an analyzer are provided. In an embodiment, a sampler may have a state switch for the housing cover. In another embodiment, multiple fluid streams may be housed in a single housing.

Abstract: A system for testing the efficiency of a test HEPA filter, the system comprises a dilution system and a sampling system. The dilution system processes samples collected upstream of the test HEPA filter. The dilution system has a test portion and a calibrated portion. The calibrated portion aids in determining the dilution ratio of the test portion thereby rendering the dilution system self-calibrating. The sampling system receives upstream samples via the dilution system, and downstream samples collected directly downstream of the test HEPA filter. The sampling system incorporates a flow rate balancing system to ensure accurate counts with respect to samples collected upstream and downstream of the test HEPA filter. The sampling system works well with particle counters fitted with relatively weak fans to draw in samples for counting; this is achieved by connecting the sampling system to both the inlet and exhaust outlet of a particle counter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for optimizing and controlling the particle size distribution and scale-up of production of nanoparticle in an aerosol flame reactor. The method provides nanoparticles with desired, optimized and controlled particle size and the specific surface area in aerosol reactors using a simulation tool with programmed instructions. The simulation tool couples flame dynamics model and particle population balance model.

Abstract: The present invention is provided with a control device that sets a split flow ratio that is a ratio of the flow rate of the diluted exhaust gas to be sampled through a diluted exhaust gas sampling flow path to a flow rate of a diluted exhaust gas flowing through a CVS, wherein the control device uses the flow rate (QCVS) of the diluted exhaust gas flowing through the CVS or a value (TCVS or PCVS) related to the flow rate (QCVS) of the diluted exhaust gas to set the split flow ratio (Qsamp/QCVS) so as to make a flow velocity (Vfilter) of the diluted exhaust gas flowing into an analytical device equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems for sampling fluid and providing fluid to an analyzer are provided. In an embodiment, a sampler may have a state switch for the housing cover. In another embodiment, multiple fluid streams may be housed in a single housing.

Abstract: A diluter for diluting a sample flow of a test gas to allow subsequent measurement of emissions in the test gas. During a calibration mode, a first flow control element receives and controls the dilution flow, a second flow control element receives and measures only the dilution flow, and a third flow control element is closed. Also during calibration, the second flow control element is calibrated to the first flow control element. During a measurement mode, the same dilution flow rate is maintained in the first and second flow control elements, the sample flow and dilution flow are mixed, and the mixed flow flows into both the second flow control element and the third flow control element. Also during measurement, the third flow control element controls sample flow, and the second flow control element delivers a portion of the mixed flow to the instrument.

Abstract: Components of interest are captured on a resin column from a sample of exhaust gas from an operating vehicle. Makeup air is added to the residual exhaust gas flow exiting the resin column at a junction downstream of the resin column. Makeup air flow rate is determined using a laminar flow element and pressure and temperature gauges associated therewith. The sample and the makeup air are drawn together through a blower and the flow rate through the blower is calculated based on differential pressure across the blower and temperature of the gas drawn through the blower. The controller adjusts a proportional control valve in the makeup air line to regulate the sample flow rate, taken as the blower flow rate minus the makeup air flow rate, at a predetermined proportion of the exhaust gas flow rate.

Abstract: In a gas analyzer 3 and a gas analyzing system 100 adapted to introduce and analyze a part of a measurement target gas flowing through a measurement target gas flow passage 12, in order to ensure accuracy in controlling the measurement target gas flowing through the measurement target gas flow passage 12 and accuracy in its own and other measurements, there are provided an object measurement device 35 adapted to acquire a part of the measurement target gas introduced from the measurement target gas flow passage 12 so as to measure a quantity etc. of a measurement object contained in the measurement target gas, an acquired gas flow rate measurement device 34 adapted to measure a flow rate of the measurement target gas acquired by the object measurement device 35, and a gas supply device 36 adapted to supply another gas of a flow rate equal to the gas flow rate measured by the acquired gas flow rate measurement device 34 to a portion downstream of a shunt point in the measurement target gas flow passage 12.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are sampling systems and sampling methods for regulating the provision of sample gases to downstream analytical equipment, such as an exhaust bench for analyzing exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine. In some embodiments, the described systems and methods can enable accurate measurements to be taken from a source of gaseous samples, regardless of the gaseous sample inlet pressure.

Abstract: The fluidic system including a sheath pump that pumps sheath fluid from a sheath container into an interrogation zone, a waste pump that pumps waste fluid from the interrogation zone to a waste container, in which the flow rate of the sheath fluid is different from the flow rate of the waste fluid thereby drawing a sample fluid from a sample container into the interrogation zone, a detection system that provides a data set of input signals from the sample fluid, an analysis engine that recognizes aggregate particle events in the data set, and a controller that automatically adjusts the flow rate of the sample fluid into the interrogation zone based on the recognition of aggregate particle events, by controlling at least one of the flow rates of the sheath fluid and the waste fluid.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a physiologic sampling pump (PSP) which uses at least one valve placed near the sampling medium to modulate air sampling to follow a person's inhalation rate and to obviate the sluggishness inherent in prior art PSPs caused by varying pump speed and by the propagation time through an air tube that connects the collection medium to prior art pumps thereby also obviating limitations inherent in system response, functionality, and accuracy. Moreover, by maintaining an essentially constant air flow through a cyclone at all times and through the collection medium while sampling, the present invention operates at known collection efficiencies, and is therefore capable of size-selective sampling of particulates as opposed to prior art PSPs that by varying the magnitude of air flow, make the separation efficiencies of pre-collection devices indeterminate and the samples worthless.

Abstract: A diluter for diluting a sample flow of a test gas to allow subsequent measurement of emissions in the test gas. During a calibration mode, a first flow control element receives and controls the dilution flow, a second flow control element receives and measures only the dilution flow, and a third flow control element is closed. Also during calibration, the second flow control element is calibrated to the first flow control element. During a measurement mode, the same dilution flow rate is maintained in the first and second flow control elements, the sample flow and dilution flow are mixed, and the mixed flow flows into both the second flow control element and the third flow control element. Also during measurement, the third flow control element controls sample flow, and the second flow control element delivers a portion of the mixed flow to the instrument.

Abstract: A flow controller for use with a liquid chromatography detector. The flow controller includes a flow channel comprising an inlet portion, a control channel portion in communication with the inlet portion, and an outlet portion in communication with said control channel portion. The control channel portion has a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of a drift tube of the liquid chromatography detector for channeling the flow of droplets through the smaller cross-sectional area. The flow controller is shaped and sized to reduce pressure fluctuations and turbulence in the droplet stream of the liquid chromatography detector.

Abstract: A continuous flow syringe pump includes a first syringe configured for at least one of loading or dispensing at least one fluid, a second syringe configured for at least one of loading or dispensing the at least one fluid, and a first valve connected to the first syringe and the second syringe. The continuous flow syringe pump also includes a second valve connected to the first valve. The continuous flow syringe pump further includes at least one outlet connected to the first valve. The at least one outlet is configured to alternate output of the at least one fluid between the first syringe and the second syringe in a substantially continuous operation.

Abstract: A system for measurement and analysis of pipeline contaminants is provided. The system includes a first assembly for engaging a pipeline from which a first fluid flow sample may be isokinetically collected for measurement of aerosol contaminants. The system also includes a second assembly for engaging the pipeline from which a second fluid flow sample may be collected for chromatographic analysis of the aerosol contaminants. The system may further include a third assembly for engaging the pipeline from which a fluid flow sample may be obtained for measurement of solid contaminants. Information on aerosol contaminants and solid contaminants can subsequently be used to select an appropriate extraction technology to control the presence of aerosol and solid contaminants within the pipeline.

Abstract: The fluidic system including a sheath pump that pumps sheath fluid from a sheath container into an interrogation zone, a waste pump that pumps waste fluid from the interrogation zone to a waste container, in which the flow rate of the sheath fluid is different from the flow rate of the waste fluid thereby drawing a sample fluid from a sample container into the interrogation zone, a detection system that provides a data set of input signals from the sample fluid, an analysis engine that recognizes aggregate particle events in the data set, and a controller that automatically adjusts the flow rate of the sample fluid into the interrogation zone based on the recognition of aggregate particle events, by controlling at least one of the flow rates of the sheath fluid and the waste fluid.

Abstract: A new and improved environmental field monitor station is disclosed. A novel and analytical sampling control device with a removable analytical sample collection device is described. Also a novel field station having the analytical sampling control device with the removable analytical sample collection device is described. Methods of using and controlling the analytical sampling control device, both within in a field station and from a base station, are described.

Abstract: A method of measuring oxygen-containing nitrogen components including nitrogen dioxide in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, wherein an exhaust gas sample is taken from a removal point 10 at the exhaust gas pipe 1 and is guided to at least one measuring instrument by means of a removal line, wherein, for the purpose of measuring the oxygen-containing nitrogen components, there are provided a separate removal point 10 and a removal line 11 and that the exhaust gas sample for measuring the oxygen-containing nitrogen components is set to a temperature at which a reaction between the nitrogen dioxide and soot is low.

Abstract: A sampling system for quantifying the amount of contaminants in a controlled environment within a facility. The system has an air sampling devices each associated with a respective flow switch module, both within the controlled environment, and a first and second controller located outside the controlled environment. The first controller is in flow communication with the air sampling devices. The first controller is also in flow communication with the flow switch modules and controls a vacuum source to draw a predetermined volume of air through the at least one air sampling device via the at least one flow switch module at a desired flow rate. The flow switch module detects when the actual flow rate falls below or above a predetermined value, and generates an alarm.

Abstract: A system and method for sampling air in a controlled environment that includes two or more air sampling devices at different locations within the controlled environment. A controller is provided at a location outside of the controlled environment and in separate air flow communication with each of the two or more air sampling devices via separate first vacuum tubes, the controller having a manifold configured to separately control a rate of air flow from the two or more air sampling devices to the controller via each of the separate first vacuum tubes and to selectively direct the air flow from each of the separate first vacuum tubes to one or more second vacuum tubes. A vacuum source is provided at a location outside the controlled environment and in air flow communication with the controller via the one or more second vacuum tubes, the vacuum source providing suction and being controlled by the controller to generate the air flow through each of the first vacuum tubes.

Abstract: A nanoparticle size classifier comprising a variable flow rate system with a single diffusion element 3 placed inside a cell 2 containing inlet 1 and outlets 6 and 7, an aerosol filter 8, flow meter 9, pump 10 and pump controller 11, which enables a plurality of measurements to be obtained by means of passing an aerosol through the diffusion element 3 at various flow rates. Preferably, outlet of the diffusion cell is connected to a particle counter 5 via a three-way valve 6. The diffusion element has a net or screen that permit air through but capture some particles. In a preferred embodiment, the nanoparticle size classifier is connected to a PC 12 (a notebook or a palm-size computer) to acquire and process data.

Abstract: A system for sampling air in a controlled environment that includes two or more air sampling devices at different locations within the controlled environment. A controller is provided at a location outside of the controlled environment and in separate air flow communication with each air sampling devices via separate first vacuum tubes. A ffow switch for each of the air sampling devices is provided at a location between a corresponding air sampling device and the vacuum source, each of the flow switches being configured to separately measure and control the rate of air flow through a corresponding first vacuum tube. An alarm is automatically activated at a location inside the controlled environment by one or more of the flow switches when the rate of air flow measured at one or more of the flow switches deviates from a desired value by a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A system for sampling air in a controlled environment that includes air sampling devices at different locations within the controlled environment. A controller is provided at a location outside of the controlled environment and in separate air flow communication with the air sampling devices via separate first vacuum tubes, the controller having a manifold configured to separately control a rate of air flow from the air sampling devices to the controller via each of the separate first vacuum tubes and to selectively direct the air flow from each of the separate first vacuum tubes to one or more second vacuum tubes. An alarm is automatically activated at a location inside the controlled environment by one or more of the flow switches when the rate of air flow measured at one or more of the flow switches deviates from a desired value by a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A system for measurement and analysis of pipeline contaminants is provided. The system includes a first assembly for engaging a pipeline from which a first fluid flow sample may be isokinetically collected for measurement of aerosol contaminants. The system also includes a second assembly for engaging the pipeline from which a second fluid flow sample may be collected for chromatographic analysis of the aerosol contaminants. The system may further include a third assembly for engaging the pipeline from which a fluid flow sample may be obtained for measurement of solid contaminants. Information on aerosol contaminants and solid contaminants can subsequently be used to select an appropriate extraction technology to control the presence of aerosol and solid contaminants within the pipeline.

Abstract: The various embodiments provide methods and apparatus high-throughput reading and decoding of information-encoding features (especially identification features) on pharmaceutical compositions for the purpose of e.g. counterfeiting detection and inventory tracking/tracing. A preferred embodiment provides high-throughput imaging of regular arrays of pharmaceutical tablets with a scanning electron microscope. Another preferred embodiment provides video-rate scanning probe imaging of pharmaceutical compositions and especially atomic force microscopy imaging thereof.

Abstract: A penetration and removal efficiency calibration unit for a volatile particle remover in a solid particle counting system provides an accurate and efficient approach to calibration. The calibration unit includes an aerosol inlet, a flow meter downstream of the aerosol inlet, and a mixer. The flow meter receives the aerosol flow from the aerosol inlet and provides an output flow to the mixer. The mixer receives the output flow from the flow meter and also has a dilution gas inlet. The mixer provides a mixer output flow for reception by the volatile particle remover or particle counter. A first flow controller controls flow into the dilution gas inlet. The calibration unit also includes a bypass inlet. A second flow controller controls flow into the bypass inlet, and a control loop controls the bypass flow such that the aerosol flow tracks a reference value.

Abstract: In order to enable supply of a sampling air to a smoke detection portion at a stable flow velocity, the present invention provides a smoke detector including: a black box (21) including a smoke detection portion (25) having an inflow port and an outflow port; a sampling pipe (30) laid in a monitor space; a gas flow pipe (P) connected to the sampling pipe and which houses a fan (3) therein; a flow path branching portion (33) provided to the gas flow pipe on a secondary side of the fan and connected to the inflow port of the smoke detection portion; and a flow path merging portion (32) which is provided to the gas flow pipe on the secondary side of the fan and connected to the outflow port of the smoke detection portion, and at which a pressure of a fluid flowing through the gas flow pipe is lower than a fluid flowing through the gas flow pipe at the flow path branching portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for proportional sampling of particulate material present in the exhaust gas emitted from an engine, in order to measure the mass of particulate material present in the exhaust gas, utilizes a mixing chamber (18) for mixing a portion of the exhaust gas with a dilution gas. A flow control (20) controls the flow rate of the portion of the exhaust gas as a function of exhaust gas flow by activating individual ones of a parallel array of solenoid valves (30), each defining a flow restriction (34).

Abstract: A device and a method for diluting a sample are disclosed. A sample is first diluted by a porous tube type diluter configuration. Then the diluted flow is further diluted by a ejector type diluter configuration. Further a heat exchange based on serrature heat exchange elements inside said porous tube type diluter configuration is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of sampling a multi-phase fluid stream is provided which comprises the steps of: sampling, with a sampling probe, a portion of the fluid stream; measuring the flow rate of said sampled portion; and measuring, independently of the sampling step, the total flow rate of the fluid stream, wherein the flow rate of the sampled portion is controlled according to the ratio of the flow rate of the sampled portion to the flow rate of the fluid stream, in order to obtain substantially isokinetic sampling of the fluid stream. The method may provide isokinetic sampling to an accuracy of 5% or less and preferably only samples a small portion of the fluid stream. The method has particular application for high rate condensate gas wells. A corresponding sampling system is provided which has particular application in the sampling of streams from well-heads.

Abstract: A channel member is formed in which a channel thorough which liquid can flow, and a testing substance to be measured is adhered on a wall surface in the channel. At a time of replacing the solution in the channel, the solution is supplied to the channel in a prescribed quantity at a first speed, thereafter, the supply is stopped for a prescribed time, and thereafter the solution is supplied at a third speed.

Abstract: A system and method for extracting headspace vapor is generally disclosed comprising pressurizing a vessel containing headspace vapor with a carrier gas and subsequently venting the sample mixture through an adsorbent trap and out a vent. A flow controller is employed to gradually increase the flow therethrough as the pressure drops as a result of the gradual depletion of headspace vapor in the vessel and, in certain embodiments, the flow controller maintains a constant flow rate. Due to the time saved, in some embodiments, multiple pressurization-venting cycles are implemented to maximize the amount of vapor extracted from the vial. Due to the constant flow rate, in certain embodiments, the pressure decay is monitored and compared to reference values in order to determine whether the sample vessel has a leak or other defect.

Abstract: A solid particle counting system for measuring solid particle number concentrations from engine or vehicle exhausts in real-time includes a diluter arrangement, a particle counter, and a flow splitter. The diluter arrangement mixes the dilution gas with flowing sample gases. The flow splitter receives the output flow from the diluter arrangement, provides a portion of this flow to the particle counter, and provides a by-pass flow that is received by a vacuum pump. A second flow route to the particle counter includes a valve arranged such that opening the valve during the starting of the vacuum pump reduces a pressure pulse at the particle counter caused by the starting of the vacuum pump, thereby avoiding work fluid backflow from the particle counter prior to the vacuum pump stabilizing.