Abstract: A method for preparing lead directly from a lead-containing material by a solid phase reaction, includes: step 1, adding the lead-containing material to be processed to the grinder, and adding a metal substance and water to the grinder, wherein an activity of the metal substance is larger than that of lead; the solid phase reaction between the lead-containing material and the metal substance is caused directly by the grinder through a mechanical force to obtain a reaction product; step 2, washing and filtering the reaction product to obtain the lead and a metal salt solution corresponding to the metal substance; step 3, performing a melt casting on the lead to obtain a crude lead, crystallizing the metal salt solution to obtain a metal salt corresponding to the metal substance.

Abstract: This invention relates to magnetite-based sintered iron ore wherein a magnetite ore powder, which is not currently utilized owing to its low reducibility index among iron ore materials serving as a main material in iron-making processes, is improved so as to have a high reducibility index, and to a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: An agent for desulfurizing and/or for pre-desulfurizing, in particular for desulfurizing and/or pre-desulfurizing molten pig iron or molten steel, contains calcium oxide and bitumen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grain refining agent for cast aluminum or magnesium products, comprising particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 30 &mgr;m and each formed of an agglomerate of grains with each grain comprising a nanocrystal of a transition metal boride or carbide of the formula: MeaXb (I) wherein Me is a transition metal, X is boron or carbon, a ranges from 1 to 10 and b ranges from 1 to 20. The grain refining agent according to the invention does not require to be formed into a master alloy prior to being added to the molten aluminum or magnesium to be cast.

Abstract: A method for filtering molten aluminum containing suspended particles using an improved filtration media, the method comprising the steps of providing a source of molten aluminum and providing media having a coating thereon, the coating having a softening point at molten aluminum temperatures to provide adhesive properties and bonding of suspended particles in the molten aluminum thereto. The filtration media is contacted with molten aluminum and suspended particles are adhesively bonded thereto to provide molten aluminum having suspended particles removed therefrom.

Abstract: A method of making a powder for covering an ingot mold for the continuous casting of steel, in particular steels with ultra-low carbon content. The powder comprises a base powder and particles of at least one metal nitride, its free carbon content being between 0 and 1% by weight, the method comprising forming a slip of raw materials for the basis powder, at least one metal nitride and water and atomizing the slip to form a mist and drying the mist to form granules having diameters lying between 20 &mgr;m and 800 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A powder for covering an ingot mold for the continuous casting of steel, in particular steels with ultra-low carbon content. The powder comprises a base powder and particles of at least one metal nitride, its free carbon content (%C.sub.free) being between 0 and 1% by weight, it being produced by atomization, and having the form of granules of between 20 and 800 .mu.m in diameter. In one application of the invention, the nitride is silicon nitride, and its weight content (%Si.sub.3 N.sub.4) is equal to: %Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 =0.5-0.28.times.%C.sub.free .+-.0.10.

Abstract: A process for removing iron contamination from molten magnesium by adding to the molten magnesium a mixture of a boron-containing compound and a flux. The boron-containing compound includes, for example, elemental boron, boric acid, and boron oxide. The flux is a conventional magnesium flux. The flux and boron-containing compound mixture is prepared by any suitable means and then added to the molten magnesium at melt temperatures of from about 650.degree. C. to about 700.degree. C. The iron contamination in the magnesium product can be reduced for example from about 400 ppm to less than about 10 ppm.

Abstract: A granular additive alloy designed for addition of calcium to molten steel to obtain maximum calcium effects with minimal additions, especially in steels which cannot tolerate the other elements commonly accompanying calcium additions. An alloy is described which contains a ratio of not more than 2.85:1 nor less than 0.35:1 calcium to aluminum, and can contain other reactive metals such as, but not limited to, rare earths, boron, titanium, and zirconium in amounts up to 40% by weight of the alloy. The preferred embodiment is an alloy with 60% by weight calcium and 40% by weight aluminum. The particles are intended to dissolve in the molten steel and form a boundary layer adjacent their surfaces. The particles are sized such that substantially all of the particle is consumed in the formation of this boundary layer, according to a given relationship based on the concentration of calcium and aluminum in the alloy.