Abstract: An integrated steelmaking plant for merging continuous operation of a reduction reactor producing hot DRI with the batch operation of a DRI melting furnace(s). The reactor produces hot DRI for a DRI melting furnace or cold DRI continuously even when the DRI production exceeds the DRI consumption rate of the furnace or suffers long-term operational delays. The reduction reactor has a DRI cooling zone therein which is selectively operable for cooling DRI when the hot DRI produced in the reactor can't all be consumed by the DRI melting furnace and when the capacity of the DRI bin feeding the melting furnace is insufficient to accumulate additional hot DRI. No separate DRI cooling vessel plus its gas compressor and gas cooling-cleaning system is needed, thus decreasing capital and operational costs. This also permits a flexible and modular construction and operation of a steelmaking plant with high or low pressure reduction reactors.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method and system for the supply of a continuous stream of hot direct reduced iron (HDRI) from a direct reduction (DR) shaft furnace or direct reduced iron (DRI) reheating furnace to a point outside of the DR shaft furnace or DRI reheating furnace where the HDRI stream is split into at least two HDRI streams. The first HDRI stream is sent continuously to a hot briquetting plant by gravity in a closed duct system. The second HDRI stream is sent continuously to an adjacent melting furnace also by gravity in a closed duct system, with a surge bin and feeders, or by a combination of gravity in a closed duct system, also with a surge bin and feeders, and a generally horizontal charge conveyor. Optionally, a third HDRI stream is employed to continuously feed multiple hot transport vessels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for steel making which includes charging a direct reduction reactor (DRR) with iron ore from a charging system. The iron ore is reduced to hot direct reduced iron (DRI) in the DRR and discharged to rotary kiln(s). The rotary kiln(s) does not process the DRI, but transports the hot DRI to one or more electric arc furnaces (EAF). Top gas (i.e., spent reducing gas) is drawn off of a top section of the DRR. A portion of the top gas is used to pressurize the rotary kiln to prevent air from entering the rotary kiln. Another portion of the top gas flows to a pressure swing adsorber or a vacuum pressure swing adsorber (PSA/VPSA) for CO2 and H2O removal. A cool reducing gas exits the PSA/VPSA. A plasma torch burns natural gas and oxygen to form a hot reducing gas. The hot reducing gas is mixed with the cool reducing gas to form a final reducing gas. The final reducing gas is delivered to the DRR. Also disclosed is a mini-mill to perform the method of steel making.

Abstract: A process for direct smelting metalliferous feed material is disclosed. Iron oxides are partially reduced in a solid state in a pre-reduction vessel. The partially reduced iron oxides are smelted to molten iron in a direct smelting vessel which contains a molten bath of iron and slag and is supplied with a solid carbonaceous material as a source of reductant and energy and with an oxygen-containing gas for post-combusting carbon monoxide and hydrogen generated in the vessel. The direct smelting step generates an off-gas that contains sulphur and the off-gas is released from the direct smelting vessel. Part only of the off-gas released from the direct smelting vessel is used in the pre-reduction step to pre-reduce iron oxides in the pre-reduction vessel. Part only of the off-gas is used in the pre-reduction step in order to control the amount of sulphur that is returned with the partially reduced iron oxides to the direct smelting vessel.

Abstract: A method of producing metals and metal alloys from metal oxides is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of partially pre-reducing the metal oxides to a pre-reduction degree of at least 60% in one or more pre-reduction stages. Thereafter, the method comprises completely reducing the metal oxides and melting the metal in a smelt reduction stage. The method is further characterized by carrying out at least one of the pre-reduction stages with one or more of natural gas, reformed natural gas, and partially reformed natural gas as a source of reductant.

Abstract: According to a process for producing pig iron (10) from fine-particulate iron oxide carriers and lumpy iron-containing material in a meltdown gasifying zone (9) of a melter gasifier (3), the iron-containing material is melted in a bed (13) formed of solid carbon carriers, under the supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen-containing gas while simultaneously forming a reducing gas. Fine-particulate iron-oxide carriers, such as iron-containing fine ore and ore dust and oxidic iron fine dust, are introduced into a reducing gas stream leaving the melter gasifier (3), and the reducing gas is separated from the fine-particulate material formed thereby. The separated fine-particulate material is introduced into the meltdown gasifying zone (9) via a dust recirculation line (26, 27, 28, 29) and through a dust burner (30), and the reducing gas is used for reducing iron-oxide-containing material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for producing metal from metal ores, in particular crude or pig iron from iron ore, wherein the ore which contains metal oxides is brought into contact with a reducing gas which contains carbon and/or hydrogen from solid, carbon-bearing and/or hydrocarbon-bearing substances obtained at least partially from plastic waste. According to the invention, the carbon-bearing and/or hydrocarbon-bearing substances are injected in comminuted fluidized form as an agglomerate into the air flow in the hearth of the metallurgical shaft or pit furnace, in particular a blast furnace. The apparatus includes a first shut-off device that is closed when blockages of the plastic material occur in the transport conduit or the lance, a second shut-off device that is closed when hot air penetrates into the transport conduit and/or the lance by reverse flow, and a third shut-off device that is closed when compressed air is supplied to a lance for cooling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device comprising a fusion gasifier and a reduction shaft arranged thereabove and for reduction of iron ore in spongy iron. The spongy iron is introduced through horizontal discharge devices in the lower section of the reduction shaft, and a pipe connection is introduced into the head section of the fusion gasifier where it is melted using a oxygen-containing gas and gasifying means also conveyed into the head of the fusion gasifier, and is reduced to liquid crude iron. A reduction gas is produced at the same time which is conveyed out of the head of the fusion gasifier. The discharge devices lead into a dust-blocking container arranged in a lower section of the reduction shaft and to which the pipe connection leading to the fusion gasifier is attached.

Abstract: The production of highly metallized feed, an intermediate product produced solely by gaseous reductants in two stage reduction processes of that kind, encounters sticking problems, which interfere with continuous processing and productivity. This problem has been overcome by exploiting a high volatile carbonaceous material, such as coal, as the reducing agent for the (partially reduced) oxide ore starting material in the solid state prereduction stage of a duplex process, in which the final stage consists of smelting, to produce the final metal (alloy). Intermediate products of the first stage are char from the coal, which avoids the sticking problem, partially reduced ore and CO and H2, which participate in the prereduction. The process has particular application to iron ores, such as haematite and magnetite and similar derivatives, namely, chromite and oxidic nickel ores.

Abstract: A smelting reduction apparatus and a method for producing molten pig iron using the smelting reduction apparatus are disclosed. The molten pig iron is produced by using iron ore, sintered ore or iron pellets, so that the reduced iron discharge operation from a pre-reducing furnace to a melter-gasifier would not give any influence to the operation of the pre-reducing furnace. An iron ore is pre-reduced at a pre-reducing furnace by utilizing a reducing off-gas which is produced from a melter-gasifier. The pre-reduced iron ore is melted and reduced at the melter-gasifier. The reducing gas which is discharged from the melter-gasifier is supplied through an ascending duct and a cyclone into the pre-reducing furnace. The fine iron ore which is collected at the cyclone is spouted through a recycling device and a melter-burner into the melter-gasifier.

Abstract: A method for producing a molten iron from a compact containing a carbonaceous reductant and an iron oxide is carried out extremely efficiently with a simple operation. The compact is supplied to a molten iron bath or a molten slag on the molten iron bath so as to float on the molten iron bath and/or the molten slag such that a part or most of the compact surface is substantially exposed to a high temperature gas atmosphere in the furnace for taking in a reduced iron generated by the reduction of the iron oxide in the compact.

Abstract: A method for injecting fine iron ore in a smelting reducing process is disclosed, in which the carrier gas for the iron ore is the discharge gas from a melter gasifier without the need of separate carrier gas. It includes the steps of pre-reducing iron ore in a pre-reduction furnace, melting and reducing it in the melter gasifier, supplying the discharge gas from the melter gasifier through an ascending tube to a cyclone and to said pre-reduction furnace, directing the cooled and cleaned fine iron ore through a recycling system and a melting burner into the melter gasifier. A part of the discharge gas is supplied through a venturi scrubber, a first compressor and a circulating tube into an ascending tube. A part of the compressed gas circulating through the tube is recompressed by means of a second compressor and fine iron ore from a stored source is injected into ascending the tube by the recompressed gas by means of a pneumatic fine iron ore conveying system.

Abstract: A process for producing pig iron from iron ores involves the iron ores traveling from the top downwards through a reduction unit via a succession of oblique trays which are staggered in a cascade-like manner. A hot reduction gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen flows from the bottom of the reduction unit upwards. A reduction product is drawn off at the bottom end of the reduction unit and is fed to a unit for further treatment thereof. A reduction gas is generated in a gas generator by partial oxidation of carbon carriers or by cracking of natural gas or petroleum. Iron ores having at least a high proportion of dust-like and/or fine granular iron ores are sorted into fractions according to grain size and introduced into the reduction unit in such a way that the course fraction of the iron ore is introduced into the top section of the system and the fine fraction of the iron ore is introduced into the middle zone or into the middle and bottom zones of the system.

Abstract: In a method of producing molten pig iron from lumpy, iron-ore-containing charging substances, the latter are reduced in a reduction shaft furnace by means of a reducing gas, wherein the iron sponge particles obtained are melted in a melter gasifier under supply of coal and oxygen-containing gas under simultaneous formation of the reducing gas, and the reducing gas is returned to the reduction zone of the shaft furnace.To enable charging of larger amounts of fine ore and/or ore particles, such as oxidic iron fine dust incurred in a metallurgical plant, in addition to the charging substances, the fine ore and/or the ore dust is supplied with solid carbon carriers to at least one dust burner working into the melter gasifier and is reacted in a substoichiometric cumbustion reaction.

Abstract: Novel quinoline sulfonamino derivatives having a vessel smooth muscle relaxation activity as well as a platelet agglutination inhibitory activity and inhibitory activity to protein kinase A, myosin light chain kinase, proteinkinase C, and calmodulindependent proteinkinase II, but having little action or cardio function; a process for the production of the derivatives, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the derivative.

Abstract: A process for producing pig iron is described involving the use of a reduction shaft furnace 1 and a melt-down gasifier 2. The sponge iron produced from iron ore in the reduction shaft furnace is fed into the melt-down gasifier and converted into a pig iron melt. The gas produced in the melt-down gasifier is passed as reducing gas into the reduction shaft furnace both via a cyclone separator 11 and a line 12 and directly via a line 13. The top gas leaving the reduction shaft furnace, after passing through a scrubber 4, is largely returned via a CO.sub.2 scrubber 6, in which CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are removed from the gas, in such a way that it can be used for forming the reducing gas in the melt-down gasifier and also as a cooling gas for the reducing gas produced in said gasifier.