Abstract: A method for injecting a solid feed material through a solids injection lance includes creating flow conditions in an injection passageway of the lance so that at least a part of the feed material flowing along the passageway forms a buffer zone between a wall of a tube that defines the passageway and feed material flowing along a central section of the passageway.

Abstract: A rotation-suspension smelting method, in which a powdered sulfide concentrate and an oxygen-containing gas are sprayed into a high-temperature reaction tower. The oxygen-containing gas is divided into two parts: the second oxygen-containing gas is sprayed in the form of an annular direct flow into the reaction tower and forms a bell-shaped wind curtain; and the first oxygen-containing gas is transformed into a rotation-jet and jetted into the center of the wind curtain. In the space between the gas flows, the concentrate entering in a direction deviated towards the center is drawn in the rotation-jet, and a high-temperature off-gas is sucked in, forming a gas-particle mixed two-phase rotation-jet. The sulfide concentrate is ignited, at the same time, a melt containing matte (or metal) and slag is formed; and the matte (or metal) is separated from the slag at the bottom of the reaction tower, completing the metallurgical process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a suspension smelting furnace comprising a reaction shaft (1), an uptake shaft (2), and a lower furnace (3), as well as a concentrate burner (4) for feeding reaction gas and fine solids into the reaction shaft (1) of the suspension smelting furnace. The concentrate burner (4) comprises a fine solids discharge channel (5) that is radially limited by the wall (6) of the solids discharge channel, a fine solids dispersion device (7) in the fine solids discharge channel (5), an annular reaction gas channel (8) that surrounds the fine solids discharge channel (5) and is radially limited by the wall (9) of the annular reaction gas channel (8), and a cooling block (10) that surrounds the annular reaction gas channel (8). The cooling block (10) is a component that is manufactured by a continuous casting method.

Abstract: A motor unit has a tool for engaging a work piece with a frame unit, which has a gripping element for the handheld operation of the device, wherein a mechanical coupling is provided between the motor unit and frame unit, which encompasses at least one dampening element, in such a way that makes it possible to precisely guide the tool while improving the dampening of vibrations between the motor unit and frame unit. The frame unit has at least one abutting element, against which the motor unit abuts when a working force exerted by the work piece on the tool has a value below a minimum value.

Abstract: The invention provides a cathode for an electrochemical cell comprising: a first particulate material having particles comprising a mixture of at least one alkali metal halide and at least one metal; and a second particulate material comprising at least one alkali metal halide, wherein the second particulate material has a particle size smaller than that of the first particulate material.

Abstract: A material supply apparatus and process for co-injecting heated solid metalliferous material and solid carbonaceous material via a solids injection lance into a direct smelting vessel are disclosed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for direct smelting metalliferous material is disclosed. The invention concentrates injection of solid feed materials comprising metalliferous material and carbonaceous material into a direct smelting vessel during the course of the process into a relatively small region within a metal layer in a molten bath in the vessel in order to generate a substantial upward movement of molten material and gas from the metal layer into a region in the vessel that is above the molten bath. In particular, the invention injects the solid feed materials with sufficient momentum and/or velocity via an opposed pair of lances that are oriented within the vessel and arranged to form overlapping plumes of injected material in the molten bath.

Abstract: Offgas containing carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide that is produced in the reduction of ores and other metal oxides in a reactor is treated to reduce its carbon dioxide content and is then contacted with metal oxide to reduce the oxidation state of the metal and oxidize carbon monoxide therein to carbon dioxide, following which the reduced metal is oxidized with steam to produce hydrogen that can be fed to the reactor.

Abstract: A material supply apparatus and process for co-injecting heated solid metalliferous material and solid carbonaceous material via a solids injection lance into a direct smelting vessel are disclosed.

Abstract: A direct smelting process for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material in a direct smelting vessel is disclosed. The process includes using a stream of off-gas from the vessel as a fuel gas in (i) stoves for generating a hot blast of air or oxygen-enriched air for the process and (ii) a waste heat recovery apparatus for generating steam for the process. The process also includes controlling pressure in the vessel by controlling pressure in the off-gas stream while the process is producing molten metal.

Abstract: A direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from metalliferous feed material in a direct smelting process is disclosed. The plant includes a process controller for adjusting the volumetric flow rate of fuel gas supplied to a burner unit of at least one of the unit operations of the plant so as to at least meet selected requirements of the plant to operate the direct smelting process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing and/or refining a metal-containing slag. The aim of the invention is to improve reduction of the slag. For this purpose, calcium carbide (CaC2) is added to the slag as the reducing agent.

Abstract: A direct smelting vessel (3) for operating a molten bath-based direct smelting process under pressure conditions in the vessel is disclosed. The vessel includes a forehearth (67) for tapping molten metal continuously from the vessel. The forehearth includes an open connection (97) that extends through a side wall of the vessel into the interior of the vessel. The open connection is formed to dampen the impact of sudden changes in pressure in the vessel on molten metal flow in the forehearth that could result in an undesirable surge of molten metal from the forehearth. The open connection is also formed so that molten metal does not freeze in the connection for at least 6 hours when molten metal is not being discharged from the vessel into the forehearth via the open connection.

Abstract: A conveying system comprising elements for conveying lumpy, particularly hot, conveying stock and a cover for shielding the conveying stock. Disclosed are measures for inerting the conveying stock. A combined system encompasses a reduction plant for reducing oxides in a continuous process and processing unit for producing liquid metal in a discontinuous process. The reduction product is deliverable from the reduction plant to the processing unit. A method for coupling a reduction method used for reducing oxides in a continuous process and a method used for producing liquid metal in a discontinuous process. A reduction product from the reduction method is fed to the liquid metal production method for processing.

Abstract: A method of recovering the metal from automobile scrap and electronic waste. It includes separating the automobile scrap and the electronic waste to provide some metal pieces, washing and/or shredding and/or selecting said metal pieces to provide some groups of metal pieces having the same metal element, making a full-elemental analysis, comparing the weight of different metal pieces having the same metal element and attaining different combinations of value, weighted averaging the combination of value to calculate the full-elemental weighted average according to the different combinations of value, comparing said different full-elemental weighted averaging to different composite material, and finding a optimal set or some optimal sets, further disposing metal pieces according to the optimal set, and manufacturing alloy. Present invention has a lot of advantages, such as reducing pollution and cost, and processing more waste.

Abstract: A TiCl4 gas is supplied to a molten CaCl2 liquid held in a reactor vessel 6 through a raw material feed pipe 11, TiCl4 is reduced to produce granular metallic Ti by Ca melted in the CaCl2 liquid. The molten CaCl2 liquid in which Ti granules taken out downward from the reactor vessel 6 is mixed is delivered to a separation process 12, the molten CaCl2 liquid is heated in a heating vessel 15, and separation is generated by a difference in specific gravity, whereby the molten CaCl2 liquid 16 is located in an upper layer while a metallic Ti 17 is located in a lower layer. The metallic Ti 17 in the lower layer is taken out from a high-melting-point metal discharge port 18, and the metallic Ti 17 is solidified to yield an ingot. The molten CaCl2 liquid 16 in the upper layer is delivered to an electrolysis process 13 along with the molten CaCl2 liquid taken out from the reactor vessel 6, and Ca generated by the electrolysis and CaCl2 are returned into the reactor vessel 6.

Abstract: Processes comprising: melting a mixture comprising a valve metal precursor and a diluting agent in at least one first vessel under a first set of temperature and residence time conditions; transferring the mixture to at least one second vessel; and initiating, in the at least one second vessel, a reaction of the valve metal precursor to form a valve metal under a second set of temperature and residence time conditions; valve metal powder prepared thereby and uses therefor.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing a molten material from a reservoir of molten material includes a dispensing chamber in communication with the reservoir and a first valve adapted to regulate communication of the dispensing chamber with the reservoir. A riser communicates with the dispensing chamber for dispensing the molten material, and a second valve is adapted to regulate communication of the riser with the dispensing chamber. Also disclosed is a method for reducing the inclusion of oxides in a casting of a molten metal.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for manufacturing molten metal at low cost and high productivity by melt-reducing a metal oxide and/or a metal hydroxide such as iron ore. To do this, at least the metal oxide and/or the metal hydroxide such as iron ore is preliminarily mixed, preliminarily mixed and granulated, or preliminarily mixed and molded with a carbonaceous material to prepare a mixture of raw materials. The mixture of raw materials is preliminarily reduced in a prereduction furnace of rotary hearth type, rotary kiln type, or the like to average metallization degree of the metal oxide and/or the metal hydroxide from 5 to 55%, which is then charged to a melting furnace for metal smelting, where the mixture of the raw materials is melted and finally reduced using the carbonaceous material as the reducing agent and using the combustion heat of the carbonaceous material and of carbon monoxide generated in the furnace as the major heat source.

Abstract: A metal-inorganic particle composite material 1 is heated into a melt 2. Flux 3 is thrown into the melt 2, and both the melt 2 and the flux 3 are brought into contact with each other sufficiently. The resulting melt 2 is then left at rest so as to be separated into an upper layer containing inorganic particles 2a and a lower layer composed of metal 2b. Subsequently the upper layer and the lower layer are recovered individually.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for feeding reaction gas and solids into a suspension smelting furnace, which apparatus comprises at least conduits for receiving reaction gas and solids and for further conducting them into a suspension smelting furnace, and in which apparatus at least the major part of the reaction gas is fed into the suspension smelting furnace through a reaction gas channel surrounding the solids feeding channel. According to the invention, in the reaction gas channel, essentially near to its end on the side of the suspension smelting furnace, there are installed adjusting members whereby the flow rate of the reaction gas fed into the suspension smelting furnace can be adjusted essentially steplessly.

Abstract: A method of reducing metal oxides in a vessel containing a molten bath, the bath comprising a metal layer and a slag layer, wherein metal oxides and carbonaceous material are introduced into the bath, gas is injected into the slag layer to case the eruption of molten slag parts, droplets and/or streams into the gas space above the bath and oxygen-containing gas is injected into the gas space to case post-combustion.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing the pulverous fuel of a furnace, advantageously a flash smelting furnace, by means of a burner, so that the oxidation takes place mainly owing to an effective mixing of two different combustion gases, pulverous fuel and possibly an extra fuel, in the furnace space. The combustion gases are conducted into the furnace space in separate jet flows, so that oxygen is fed in through the center in an at least partly turbulent flow, and the air is fed around it in several separate flows. A burner for mixing pulverous fuel and combustion gas and for burning them in the furnace space is described.

Abstract: In this method for obtaining metals, their compounds, and alloys from mineral raw materials a burden is prepared by mixing a comminuted raw material with additions of chemical elements taken from the chemical composition of the starting raw material, oxidizing roasting is then carried out accompanied by evacuating and utilizing gaseous oxides, and a reduction process proceeds followed by separation of metals and their compounds. According to the invention, in the course of preparing the burden compounds of the above chemical elements containing oxygen are added to the mixture at a ratio of the compounds to the chemical elements ranging from 1:1 to 1:100 and at a total quantity of additions in the burden at least 5%. The oxidizing roasting process proceeds in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a temperature from 1400.degree. to 1600.degree. C. followed by cooling and comminuting solid oxides obtained.

Abstract: A process of pyrometallurgically treating a feed material such as a sulphide ore or concentrate is provided. The process includes the steps of:(a) producing a liquid body of feed material;(b) creating a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone which is in contact with the first reaction zone and is in the liquid body;(c) introducing feed material in particulate form and an oxidising gas into the first reaction zone;(d) allowing in-flight oxidation of feed material to take place in the first reaction zone;(e) allowing at least some of the reaction products of the in-flight oxidation to pass into a second reaction zone; and(f) allowing sulphidation or reduction of the reaction products to take place in the second reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for feeding reaction gases, advantageously oxygen and air or a mixture thereof, into a smelting furnace so that the cross-sectional area wherethrough the reaction gases are fed can be adjusted. Thus the velocity of the gases when they are discharged into the smelting furnace can be maintained sufficiently high while the quantity and quality of the gas varies.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reducing the quantity of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere from carbothermic processes producing metals are described. The method involves rejecting carbon from the process system or using carbon as a reagent to be recycled within the boundaries of the process system as a result of reactions of hydrogen with the carbon monoxide produced by the carbothermic process. Examples of the application of the method are given for the production of aluminum and for the production of a portion of the iron content of steel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for high temperature treatment of particulate metal ore concentrate solids with a cyclone having a tangentially positioned burner directing a jet flame into the cyclone, an ore injecting nozzle positioned to inject a stream of ore with oxygen containing gas into the jet flame of the burner at a location at least one-third of the travel of the flame and into the hottest region thereof so that the particles are melted and do not abrasively impact the walls of the cyclone in an unmelted stage.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a molten metal producing and refining method which does not damage the apparatus, realizes a stable and high second combustion rate, and is capable of effectively recovering heat generated by the second combustion. The method comprises introducing a metal-containing material, a carbonaceous material, a flux and O.sub.2 gas into a furnace. The carbon which dissolves into the metal bath in the furnace from the carbonaceous material is combusted with the O.sub.2 gas to generate heat and CO gas. The CO gas is subjected to the second combustion with the O.sub.2 gas to additionally generate heat, and the metal-containing material is melted and refined by both the generated heat and carbon. The method is characterized in that O.sub.2 gas or O.sub.2 -containing gas is blown into the furnace through large-diameter tuyeres installed near the bottom of the furnace and a part of the O.sub.

Abstract: The specification discloses a process for pre-heating and pre-reducing metal oxide ores. The process comprises introducing particles of an oxide ore entrained in a gas through a port into a treatment chamber. Inside the treatment chamber teh stream of entrained particles combines with a stream of high temperature reducing gas in such a way that the particles are heated rapidly and enter into flow patterns whereby contact with other particles and the internal surface of the treatment chamber is minimized. The stream of entrained particles and the stream of high temperature reducing gas are substantially co-current. A treatment chamber elongated in the direction of co-current flow is described in the specification. The hot off-gases may be derived from a molten bath reactor and comprise a high concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for controlling a flow rate of gas for prereducing ore comprises the steps of prereducing ore in a prereduction furnace having a fluidized bed with a gas generated in a smelting reduction furnace and controlling a pressure of gas generated in the smelting reduction furnace and introduced into the prereduction furnace, thereby controlling the actual flow rate of gas introduced into the prereduction furnace. An apparatus for controlling a flow rate of gas for prereducing ore comprises a flow passage for introducing gas generated in a smelting reduction furnace into a prereduction furnace and a gas pressure control valve positioned in the flow passage.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for producing ferrous or non-ferrous metals from a charge formed by self-reducing agglomerates (comprising pulverized ores, carbonaceous material plus a binder) consisting the apparatus of a shaft furnace, comprising a cylindrical or conical shaft (3), having, at the top portion thereof, loading gates or devices (1) and an outlet for gases through a chimney (19) or a chamber leading the same to heat regenerators (9) to pre-heat blown-in air and also having one or more rows of tuyeres (15) for blowing air; and a cylindrical or conical hearth (5) having a diameter greater than that of shaft (3) by an amount sufficient for positioning fuel feeders (4) directly over a fuel bed; and on the lower part, one or more rows of tuyeres (13) distributed so as to blow air oxygen enriched or not and injecting or not liquid gaseous, or pulverized fuels, this same apparatus being capable of melting 100% metallic charges of any metal and alloys or different proportions of metallic forms and self-reducing

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for feeding reaction substances, i.e. pulverous solid material and reaction gas, into a smelting furnace, particularly into the top part of the reaction space (1) of a smelting furnace. The reaction gas is fed into the reaction space (1) through at least one feed gate (9) so that the solid material supplied through this feed gate (9) are fed into the reaction space (1) from an area in between the two sub-flows (5, 6) of the divided reaction gas supply flow. Roughly 50-90% of the reaction gas supply is fed from outside the solid material supply.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of metals and/or ferro alloys by prereduction of particulate metal oxide co-current with a reducing gas. Reducing gas having a temperature between 650.degree. and 1100.degree. C. and metal oxide particles are supplied at the lower end of a substantially vertical prereduction column which comprises at least two chamber having a substantially circular cross-section, said chambers in their upper and lower ends having a decreasing cross-section and where a ringshaped member for decreasing the cross-section is arranged in the intermediate zone between the chambers. The mixture of reducing gas and prereduced metal oxide particles is collected at the top of the prereduction column, whereafter the prereduced metal oxide particles are transported to a smelting furnace for smelting and final reduction to metallic state by addition of a reduction material.The present invention also relates to a column for treatment of particulate solid materials with a gas.

Abstract: The method for treating the dust entails the following steps:(a) supplying a combination of dust, a reducing agent and flux to a gastight electrothermic smelting furnace,(b) smelting, reducing and volatilizing certain metals in the smelting furnace,(c) tapping of an inert slag phase and a liquid metal phase from the smelting furnace,(d) continuous removal from the smelting furnace of a gas phase containing chiefly CO-gas, metal fumes, sulphur, chlorides and fluorides together with entrained unreacted dust,(e) further treatment of the gas phase.The process produces an inert slag phase which can be safely deposited in a landfill. The process also allows for recovery of valuable metal components from the dust.