Abstract: This invention relates to absorbent materials useful in the manufacture of absorbent articles, in particular dressings for the advanced wound care market. The absorbent materials of the present invention are sulfonated polysaccharides, particularly water-insoluble cellulose alkyl sulfonates in which the cellulose is substituted by one type of alkyl sulfonate group. The invention also provides a process for the manufacture of such materials. The preferred cellulose alkyl sulfonate described herein is cellulose ethyl sulfonate. Reinforcing fibers and/or antimicrobial agents are optionally applied to the cellulose alkyl sulfonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to basic bisazo compounds according to formula (I) wherein all substituents are defined as in Claim 1, their production, their use as dyestuffs as well as material dyed with these dyestuffs.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing insecticidally treated textile having improved properties. A novel combination of an insecticide and certain polymeric binder(s) or dye fixatives is used to coat and/or impregnate fabric via a combination of application methods used in the textile industry. The insecticide-binder or insecticide-dye fixative combination and the method by which it is applied to the textile yield a coated fabric and, ultimately, finished goods with improved wash durability of the insecticide over several launderings and prolonged insecticidal efficacy.

Abstract: A method for modifying fibers is provided, which method comprises suspending and dispersing in water under shear force a cellulose ether having such a low degree of substitution that a molar degree of substitution with an alkyl group and/or a hydroxyalkyl group ranges from 0.05 to 1.3, applying the resulting dispersion and a crosslinking agent or an aqueous resin emulsion to fibers, and thermally treating the applied fibers.

Abstract: A modified sorptive lignocellulosic fibre material with hydroxyl groups on the lignocellulosic fibres doubly modified by esterification with a combination of monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acid ester groups. A process for the preparation of the sorptive material. The sorptive fibre material is effective for the removal of oils and other contaminants including heavy metals from a fluid such as contaminated water by a combined sorption of hydrophobic contaminants and ion exchange.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting the burning of natural fibers (e.g., wool, wool fibers, animal hair, cotton), synthetic fibers (e.g., acetate, nylon, polyester, viscose rayon), or blends thereof (e.g., wool/cotton blends), or fabrics or yarns composed of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or blends thereof, involving treating the fibers (or fabrics or yarns) with polyamic acid or at least one polyimidesiloxane (PISi) or mixtures of polyamic acid and at least one polyimidesiloxane. Also products produced by such methods.

Abstract: A thermoplastic cellulose derivative composition of the present invention contains, as a main component, a cellulose ester having an aliphatic polyester side chain having a repeat unit having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein a rate of heating loss at 200° C. is 5 wt % or less, a melt viscosity at 200° C. and 1000 sec?1 is 50 to 300 Pa·sec, and a melt tension at the time of take-up at 200° C. and 100 m/min is 0.1 to 40 mN. The present invention can provide excellent fiber products by melt spinning of the composition.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method for an integrated treatment of cellulose pulp. The method includes the steps: providing said cellulose pulp (1), providing a determined quantity of white liquor (2) including alkali and sulphur components, providing an oxygen-containing gas, oxidizing (5) the sulphur components of the white liquor by the supply of a part of said gas in such a way that at least a part of the sulphur is present in the form of sulphate, transporting the cellulose pulp having a certain kappa number to at least one mixing device (4), and supplying the oxidized white liquor from the oxidizing step to the cellulose pulp, supplying a part of said gas to the cellulose pulp in said mixing device, mixing the cellulose pulp with the oxidized white liquor and said gas in said mixing device, and transporting the cellulose pulp from said mixing device to a delignification reactor (6) for oxygen delignification of said cellulose pulp, wherein the kappa number is reduced.

Abstract: Carboxylated cellulosic fibers are disclosed. The fibers include a polycarboxylic acid covalently coupled to the fibers. Methods for producing the fibers and for producing fibrous products that incorporate the fibers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of rendering cellulosic materials flame resistant, and articles of manufacture including the materials, are disclosed. The compositions include one or more crosslinking agents, and, optionally, one or more phosphorus-based compounds. Dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea, imidazole, imidazolidinones, dialdehydes, and dichlorotriazines are preferred crosslinking agents. The methods involve applying the composition to the material, and covalently linking the crosslinking agent to the material. An advantage of covalently linking the crosslinking agent to the cellulosic material is the lack of any potential toxicity associated with uncrosslinked fire retardants on the cellulosic material and the stability of the bonds between the material and the crosslinking agent to conventional steam cleaning and other carpet cleaning methods. In a preferred embodiment, the fire-retardant cotton-fiber composition is used to prepare cotton carpets, upholstery or raised surface apparel.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of rendering cellulosic materials fire retardant, and articles of manufacture including the materials, are disclosed. The compositions include an amino acid, protein and/or peptide and optionally include one or more crosslinking and/or coupling agents. Enzymes are a preferred protein. The methods involve applying the composition to the material, and optionally involve covalently linking the amino acid, protein and/or peptide to the material, either directly or via a crosslinking agent. An advantage of covalently linking the amino acid, protein and/or peptide to the cellulosic material is the lack of any potential toxicity associated with breathable dust particles of unbound amino acid, protein and/or peptide, and the stability of the bonds between the material and the amino acid, protein and/or peptide to conventional steam cleaning and other carpet cleaning methods.

Abstract: The invention is a method for preparing a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution. The method comprises the steps of:a. Mixing an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite having from about 5 percent to about 70 percent available halogen as chlorine with a water soluble bromide ion source;b. Allowing the bromide ion source and the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite to react to form a 0.5 to 70 percent by weight aqueous solution of unstabilized alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite;c. Adding to the unstabilized solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulfamate in a quantity to provide a molar ratio of alkali metal sulfamate to alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite is from about 0.5 to about 7; and,d. Recovering a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution.

Abstract: A method for finishing a cellulose fiber-containing textile fabric comprises treating a cellulose fiber-containing textile fabric with liquid ammonia, applying a resin finishing agent to said fabric, subjecting subsequently to either or both of a hot calendering treatment and a heat treatment, and finally treating the resultant fabric with hot water. The resultant fabric keeps its shape stability including a crease or shrink resistance when washed, without involving any problem on residual formaldehyde.

Abstract: Disclosed are aminated acetate fiber comprising acetylcellulose and one or more water-insoluble quaternary starch ether esters, said starch ether esters containing ester groups of formulae --O--CO--CH.sub.3 and/or --O--CO--C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and ether groups of the general formula I--O--CH.sub.2 --X--CH.sub.2 --N.sup.+ R.sub.3 A.sup.- (I)whereX is a direct bond or --CH(OH)-- andA.sup.- is an anion or one equivalent of an anion, andR is hydrogen, methyl and/or ethyl,and the degree of substitution of said ether group being within the range from 0.002 to 0.8, the degree of substitution of said ester group being within the range from 0.7 to 2.998 and the overall degree of substitution being within the range from 1.5 to 3, its preparation and its use and also quaternary starch ether esters present therein.

Abstract: A process for the flame-retardant treatment of a cellulosic fabric by impregnating a fabric with an aqueous solution of a tetrakis (hydroxyorgano) phosphonium (THP) and then at least partially drying it. The partially dried impregnated fabric is passed at a speed of 30 to 100 m/minute once through a chamber containing ammonia for a single cure. Both the moisture contained in the fabric and water produced as a by-product of curing are volatilized and condensed on an interior wall of the chamber and flow down the walls to a drain for removal of the condensed water from the apparatus. The process further includes measuring the rate of ammonia in the gas fed into the chamber, determining the ammonia content of the gas and measuring the temperature within the chamber, for maintaining the initial concentration of ammonia in the gas at 70% to 90% by volume and for maintaining the ratio of ammonia input to the THP composition in the range of at least 1.

Abstract: Several new and useful compositions of rare earth oxides and mixtures of rare earth oxides are made into strong flexible fibrous textiles and strands. By varying the mixtures of rare earth metal oxides that make up the textiles and strands, the emission spectra can be matched to the absorption spectra of a variety of semiconductor photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, the addition of between 1-10 mol % of thorium oxide to the rare earth metal oxide fibers inhibits microcrystalline grain growth at high temperatures.

Abstract: The invention is a method for preparing a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution. The method comprises the steps of:a. Mixing an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite having from about 5 percent to about 70 percent available halogen as chlorine with a water soluble bromide ion source;b. Allowing the bromide ion source and the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite to react to form a 0.5 to 70 percent by weight aqueous solution of unstabilized alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite;c. Adding to the unstabilized solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulfamate in a quantity to provide a molar ratio of alkali metal sulfamate to alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite is from about 0.5 to about 7; and,d. Recovering a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing a fibrillated cellulose acetate fiber comprising contacting cellulose acetate fiber with a strong base solution at conditions sufficient to remove greater than about 5% of bulk acetyl groups from said cellulose acetate fiber. Modified cellulose acetate staple fiber comprising an outer layer of regenerated cellulose in which at least about 5% of the acetyl groups are removed on an overall fiber basis are also disclosed. Paper products incorporating said fibers are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein the variables have the meanings given in the claims. The compounds are suitable for use as UV absorbers for the photochemical stabilisation of undyed, dyed or printed textile fiber materials and for enhancing the sun protection factor thereof.

Abstract: Modified cellulosic fibers are formed by (1) esterifying cellulosic fibers with a 1,2-disubstituted alkene that has at least one carboxylic acid group reactive with cellulosic hydroxyl groups and (2) oxidizing the esterified fibers to form aldehyde groups. The modified fibers are useful in paper products, which tend to have temporary wet strength. Strength additives may be included in the paper product to impart a higher level of temporary wet strength or permanent wet strength.

Abstract: The invention is a method for preparing a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution. The method comprises the steps of:a. Mixing an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite with a water soluble bromide ion source;b. Allowing the bromide ion source and the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite to react to form a 0.5 to 30 percent by weight aqueous solution of unstabilized alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite;c. Adding to the unstabilized solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulfamate having a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. in a quantity to provide a molar ratio of alkali metal sulfamate to alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite is from about 0.5 to about 6; and then,d. Recovering a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution.

Abstract: There are provided novel diorganoaminoorganosiloxyterminated polysiloxanes and compositions thereof which provide improved properties to hair and textile fabric treated with them. Methods for treating hair and fabric with the polysiloxanes and compositions containing them are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a series of novel silicone fatty esters. This class of compounds, provide outstanding softening and lubrication when applied to hair, skin, textiles and other fibers. The compounds of the present invention are prepared by reacting a the hydroxyl group in a silicone polymer with a fatty carboxylic acid, ester or anhydride.

Abstract: Insulating materials consisting of artificial mineral fibers are impregnated with water insoluble additives, e.g. dust binders and/or water repellant finishing agents in that they are wetted with an emulsion of the water insoluble additive in an aqueous solution of a cellulose ether. Impregnation takes place easily and is effective and resistant.

Abstract: Thermoplastic fabrics are flame retardant treated and optionally heatset and/or simultaneously dyed in a heated flame retardant liquid in which a disperse or acid dye may be dissolved. Flame-resistant fabrics result.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making individualized, crosslinked fibers which includes the steps of providing cellulosic fibers, contacting the fibers with a solution containing a C.sub.2 -C.sub.9 polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent, mechanically separating the fibers into substantially individual form, drying the fibers and reacting the crosslinking agent with the individualized fibers to form intrafiber crosslink bonds. Preferably, the crosslinking agent is citric acid, and preferably, between about 0.5 mole % and about 10.0 mole % of the crosslinking agent reacts to form the intrafiber crosslink bonds. The individualized, crosslinked fibers are useful in a variety of absorbent structure applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are absorbent structures containing individualized, crosslinked fibers. The individualized, crosslinked fibers preferably have a C.sub.2 -C.sub.9 polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent reacted with the fibers in the form of intrafiber crosslink bonds. Preferably, the crosslinking agent is citric acid, and between about 0.5 mole % and about 10.0 mole % crosslinking agent react to form the intrafiber crosslink bonds. Also preferably, the absorbent structures have actual dry densities greater than their corresponding equilibrium wet densities, and expand upon wetting. The absorbent structures may also contain hydrogel-forming material.

Abstract: A process for graft-polymerizing vinyl monomers onto cellulose fiber materials, by reacting by a fibrous carboxymethyl cellulose peroxide having a degree of substitution for the peroxide groups from 0.02 to 0.11, with a vinyl monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a ferrous iron compound at a temperature from 20.degree. to 95.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating polyester, and acrylic polymer fibers or fibrous structures made thereof to permanently improve the antistatic, hygroscopic, dye receptive, soil release, inter-fiber adhesion and bonding properties of the fibers and structures. The method involves contacting the fibers with an aqueous solution containing at least one unsaturated monomer and having an acid pH and a temperature between about 60.degree. C. and about 100.degree. C. After allowing the solution to uniformly disperse among the fibers, so that the monomer intimately contacts the fiber surfaces, polymerization of the monomer on the fiber surfaces is initiated by a polymerization initiator for the monomer, and the polymerization is continued for a sufficient time to allow substantial graft polymerization of the monomer on the fibers to modify the surface properties of the fibers.

Abstract: A modified fibrous material comprising cellulose fibers substituted at their cellulose anhydroglucose units by anionic moieties of at least one of the formulae: --PO.sub.3 H.sup.(-) ; --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -PO.sub.3 H.sup.(-) ; --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -SO.sub.3.sup.(-) ; or (CH.sub.2).sub.n --COO.sup.(-) ; where n is from 1 to 3; and capped by copper cations to the extent that said cellulose fibers bind from about 0.1 to about 3.0% by weight of copper, based on the weight of said fibers; as well as processes for its production.

Abstract: The treatment of cellulosic fibre materials before or after dyeing or printing with direct or reactive dyestuffs is carried out with aqueous liquors which contain quaternized polyethers which are obtained by condensation of N-2-hydroxyalkylamines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, independently of each other, denote hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radical andR denotes a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radical or one of the hydroxyalkyl groups ##STR2## with the proviso that the amount of N-2-hydroxyalkylamines in which R stands for a hydroxyalkyl group accounts for no more than 20 percent by weight of the hydroxyalkylamines used,if desired by co-condensation with polyols of the formulaA(OH).sub.n IIin whichA denotes a 2-, 3- or 4-valent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical andn is a number from 2 to 4,and subsequent quaternization.

Abstract: Cellulose acetate fibers are treated with hot aqueous or ethanolic solutions of o-phenylenediamine, triethylene tetramine or toluene diamine to improve the wrinkle resistance of fabrics, increase moisture regain, reduce static accumulation, and increase affinity for acid dyes.

Abstract: The method involves treating a cellulose fiber-containing structure with an alkaline agent, coating the structure with an acid chloride having the following formula: ##STR1## (wherein X is --H, --NO.sub.2, --CH.sub.3 or --SO.sub.2 Cl) and subjecting the resultant structure to heat treatment to cause chemical modification. The acid chloride is employed in the form of an emulsion in water. The emulsion may also contain a thickener such as a natural sizing agent or a dye. The method provides a more dyeable cellulose fiber-containing structure.

Abstract: A process for improving the radiation resistance of cellulosic fabrics is disclosed. Fabric is immersed first in a 23% caustic solution for 15 minutes and then in a 5% caustic solution for 15 minutes. The excess caustic is removed and the fabric padded to 105% wet-pickup using neutralized pentafluorobenzoic acid. The fabric is then cured at 130.degree.-140.degree. C. for 6-8 minutes.

Abstract: The isocyanate polyoxyalkylenes having the formula:OCN--(AO).sub.x --(BO).sub.y --(CO).sub.z --DE I.wherein E is --NCO or an amino group; A, C and D represent lower alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; B is alkylene of 2 to 8 carbon atoms; y and z are each integers having a value of 0 to 50 and x is an integer having a value of from 2 to 50, and intermixtures of said polyoxyalkylenes.The above compounds display a wide variety of uses, namely for the control of fungi and bacteria or for the prevention of such infestation. They are also useful dielectric constant depressors for polymeric substances, e.g. polyvinylchloride, polyvinylidene halides, etc., extenders for solids in latices and anti-static agents.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating cellulose ester articles which comprises applying to the surface of the articles a solution of alkylated melamine such as hexamethoxymethylmelamine and an acid catalyst. The solution is applied such as to result in a deposit of alkylated melamine in an amount of between about 1% and about 10% based on the weight of the cellulose ester article and acid in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 1.0% based on the weight of the cellulose ester article. The article is then heated to cause a reaction to occur between the alkylated melamine and the surface of the cellulose ester article to form a crosslinked skin to render the article resistant to attack by solvents.

Abstract: A cellulose fiber derivative is provided, along with methods of its production, in order to give color features to cellulose fiber compositions while using disperse dyes. The cellulose fiber derivative includes an acyl group of formula ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Z are selected individually from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, nitro, methoxy, phenylazo or amino, introduced into said cellulose fiber through chemical reaction with the hydroxyl groups of said cellulose fiber to the extent of a substitution degree of more than 0.10.

Abstract: Certain chemically modified cotton fabrics have been treated with vapors of glycidol at reduced pressures in a heated chamber to impart improved wet and dry wrinkle recovery characteristics.

Abstract: Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Cotton, prepared so that the tertiary amine nitrogens have unshared electrons and are thus in the Lewis-base form, is reacted with an alcoholic solution of an alpha-omega dihaloalkane to quaternize amino groups. The fabric produced by this process is crosslinked between tertiary amine nitrogen groups in cellulose and every alkylene group introduced is connected to two quaternary ammonium ions. The products of this process have strong base anion exchange properties and fabrics of high nitrogen content are imparted both wet and dry crease resistance.

Abstract: Textile fibers are dyed in a dyebath containing the dye and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Generally, the dyeing is conducted at a temperature of about from 110.degree. to 165.degree. C. until the desired level of dyeing is attained. Excellent results are obtained in a very short time period, e.g., from about 2 seconds to 10 minutes.

Abstract: Strong base quaternary ammonium cellulose derivatives prepared under anhydrous conditions are further chemically modified in selected organic solvents by a sequential process that produces a partial cellulose ether in fibrous form that can be used in electro-chemical reactions covering a range of oxidation-reduction potentials. These new derivatives can be prepared such that they stabilize a given anion in the cellulose matrix until such time as its oxidation or reduction power is needed in desired chemical reactions. Although prepared in nonaqueous media, these red-ox cellulosic anion exchangers can be used to regulate oxidation-reduction reactions in aqueous media. Some of these new red-ox anion exchangers are dispersible in water and can be reprecipitated by organic solvents without losing their red-ox abilities during the process. Others are water insoluble.

Abstract: A peroxidic-initiated graft copolymerization process wherein a water-insoluble thiocarbonated or thiocarbamated substrate is exposed to high-frequency microwave energy in the presence of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a perioxidic free radical initiator.

Abstract: Disclosed are epoxy-azido compounds of the formula ##EQU1## WHERE R is a polyvalent organic radical, R' is a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical, A is ##EQU2## and n and m are integers from 1 to 100. Also disclosed is the use of said epoxy-azido compounds in modifying polymers, cross-linking polymers, and adhering polymers to certain substrates, e.g. glass and other polymers.

Abstract: Cellulosic fabric is reacted with a mixture of diethylene glycol, dibasic acid, and either ethylene carbonate (1,3 dioxol-2-one) or propylene carbonate (4-methyl 1,3 dioxol-2-one) in a heated evacuated oven. The resultant product has polyester linear grafts and crosslinks and improved resistance to wrinkling.

Abstract: Partially Aminoethylated cotton fabric is reacted with either propylene carbonate (4-methyl 1,3 dioxol-2-one) or ethylene carbonate (1,3 dioxol-2-one) with potassium carbonate as catalyst. Reaction is carrid out in a heated vacuum oven. The resultant product has urethane crosslinks and improved wrinkle recovery properties.

Abstract: Partially carboxymethylated-cotton fabric prepared by a non-aqueous procedure is reacted with either ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate in a heated, evacuated oven. The product of either reaction is a fabric with high conditioned and high wet wrinkle recovery.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions comprising a class of new chemical compounds which can be applied to a textile material preferably composed of fibers of cellulose, regenerated cellulose or a cellulose ester or ether, to contribute an attractive softening effect. The new compounds possess a hydrophilic solubilising group linked to each of two triazine rings and an average of two hydrophobic groups and two halogen substituents per molecule. After impregnation with the compositions of the invention the compounds are fixed to the textile material by heating at 100.degree.-150.degree.C.