Abstract: There is provided a process of dyeing yarn or cloth comprising fibres, comprising dyeing at least part of the fibres with at least two types of dyestuff that dye the same fibres substantially the same colour. One of the types of dyestuff chemically bonds with or is at least partially incorporated into the fibre structure and the other type of dyestuff does not chemically bond with or become at least partially incorporated into the fibre structure.

Abstract: Garments are constructed from lyocell fabric which has been resinated using a textile resin having just two groups per molecule which can reactively cross-link with cellulose molecules of the lyocell fabric then causticised by application under tension of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, and the constructed garments are dyed in a garment dyeing operation. Garments can be produced by this route which retain a smooth, evenly-dyed appearance with unpuckered seams and minimal creasing and so present a desired formal look, as distinct from the casual look imparted by the effects of fibrillation normally produced when lyocell garments undergo garment dyeing.

Abstract: A cross-linking agent for cross-linking a binding agent with a pigment for coloring textile fabrics in a continuous padding process including an emulsified mixture of at least 500% by weight of silicone fluid, at least 20% resin, at least 10% water and optional processing enhancers.An embodiment of the method for padding pigment colors onto textile fabrics according to the invention includes the steps of preparing a padding liquor of a cross-linking agent, a textile pigment, a binder and water, wherein the cross-linking agent is an emulsification of at least 50% by weight of silicone fluid, at least 20% resin, and at least 10% water. The padding liquor is then padded onto the textile fabric, and the resin in the padding liquor is cured on the textile fabric to cross-link the pigment and the binder.

Abstract: A method to improve the bleach resistance of a textile fiber is provided by having the steps of:(a) applying a solution or dispersion of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CO.sub.2 R.sub.4, SO.sub.3 H, PO.sub.3 H, CON(R.sup.4).sub.2, OH, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, and halo, where R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylenephenyl, phenyl and COR.sup.5, where R.sup.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, any of which may be substituted with up to two groups from R.sub.2 ; and salts of such compounds; in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alcohol; and(b) drying said textile fiber to evaporate said solvent and deposit a non-volatile coating of said phenolic compound on a surface of said fiber.

Abstract: Clear, abrasion resistant, tintable coating compositions which are based on siloxane/silica hybrid coating resins and which also contain at least about 3 weight percent and up to about 30 weight percent of a tintability enhancing compound comprising at least one alkylated amine formadehyde compound. These coating compositions are especially useful for providing both abrasion resistance and high levels of tinting.

Abstract: A process for the pre-treatment of natural and regenerated cellulosic fibres and blends thereof with synthetic fibres for the purpose of subsequent transfer printing comprises applying to said fibres a composition comprising a mixture of hexamethoxymethyl melamine and a C.sub.4-8 glycol in the presence of water, and drying said fibres at a temperature below 180.degree. C.The above compositions per se, with or without water and polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride polymer or copolymer emulsions or dispersions, are also claimed.

Abstract: Abrasion resistant, tintable coating compositions which are based on siloxane/silica hybrid coating resins and which also contain at least about 3 percent but less than about 20 percent of a tintability enhancing compound selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyl-functional compounds and butylated urea formaldehyde compounds. These coating compositions are especially useful for providing both abrasion resistance and high levels of tinting and, optionally, absorbance of ultraviolet radiation. Tetrahydroxybenzophenone is a preferred tintability enhancing compound that also absorbs UV light.

Abstract: Deep-colored fibrous articles, such as fabrics colored in a deep black shade, having on it surfaces a film coating of a resin mixture comprising at least two resins that are mutually miscible but incompatible and in phase-separated conditions. Color-deepening effect is augmented by forming pits and/or recesses and projections on the surfaces of the film coating by using resins different in solvent-solubility and eluting the resin having a larger solubility with a solvent. The above effect is further augmented by using resins different in plasma etching resistance and subjecting the formed film coating to a low-temperature plasma etching treatment. The plasma etching is effectively conducted by placing the fibrous article within a plasma sheath, preferably contacting with an antenna electrode. The deep color can be made abrasion resistant by further depositing an abrasion resistant resinous film on the pit-formed resinous film coating without filling up the pits.

Abstract: A mixed fabric of hydroxy group-containing fibers and cyano and/or carboxy group-containing fibers, the hydroxy group-containing fibers having been dyed with a reactive dye, is aftertreated with a product of reacting a mono- or polyfunctional amine having one or more primary, secondary and/or tertiary amino groups with cyanamide, dicyandiamide guanidine or bis-guanidine, said product containing at least one reactive hydrogen atom linked to a nitrogen atom, and is then dyed with a basic dye.

Abstract: In a process for printing on leather substrates using the transfer printing method by surface treatment of the substrate, applying an auxiliary carrier which is printed on with sublimable dyes and transferring the dyes to the substrate by dry heat treatment, the surface of the substrate is impregnated with an aqueous solution of a pre-condensate of a urea aldehyde resin or melamine aldehyde resin, the solvent is removed at a temperature which still does not cause condensation of the pre-condensate, and the dyes are transferred at a temperature of between 140.degree. and 250.degree. C. for a sufficiently long time for the pre-condensate to condense out at the same time.

Abstract: A process is provided for direct coloring of textile fibres comprising appropriately pre-treating said fibres, preparing a solution of a cross-linking agent being a solution of a water insoluble technical hexamethoxymethyl melamine in a C.sub.4-8 glycol, adding said solution of the cross-linking agent to a dye liquor or printing paste containing a colorant (excluding cationic dyestuffs) in the presence of an acid donor, applying the resultant mixture to said fibres and drying and curing said fibres.Also provided is a dye liquor or print paste comprising a colorant (excluding cationic dyestuffs), an acid donor and a cross-linking agent being a solution of a water insoluble technical hexamethoxymethyl melamine in a C.sub.4-8 glycol.

Abstract: The transfer printability of fabric materials containing at least a minor proportion of cellulosic or natural proteinaceous fibers such as, for example, cotton, rayon, cellulose acetate, wool, silk, etc. is notably improved by a treatment in which said fabric material is impregnated with certain glycoside reagents. Especially preferred glycoside reagents for use in such treatment are C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkyl monoglucosides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preventing the brightening effect of an optical brightening agent on a textile substrate comprising applying on the textile substrate a water-soluble, cationic, optical brightener quencher either before or together with a resin precursor and submitting the treated substrate to a heat treatment. This method imparts an antibrightening effect to goods when they are washed with an optical brightener containing detergent.

Abstract: Aftertreatment of textile fibres which have been optically brightened or dyed or printed with certain direct dyes, or with basic or sulphur dyes, increases wet-fastness properties. The aftertreatment agent is a polymeric, polybasic amino compound, which is applied under alkaline conditions.

Abstract: A cellulosic fabric is treated with a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of: an adduct from an amide and glyoxal, an acetal derived from a dialdehyde and an aldehyde other than formaldehyde and an acidic catalyst. The catalyst and crosslinking agent is of sufficient amount and concentration to impregnate the fabric and produce wrinkle-resistance and smooth-drying finishes when dried from about 3-10 minutes at from about 60.degree.-100.degree. C. and then cured from about 1-5 minutes at from about 120.degree.-180.degree. C. The resultant fabric is then dyed.

Abstract: A process for improving the fastness properties of a sulphur dyestuff on a substrate comprising hydroxy group-containing fibres by applying to the dyed or printed substrate the reaction product (R) of(A) the product of reacting a mono- or polyfunctional primary or secondary amine with cyanamide, dicyanodiamide, guanidine or bi-guanidine; said product containing reactive hydrogen atoms bound to nitrogen, and(B) an N-methylol derivative of a urea, melamine, guanamine, triazinone, urone, carbamate or acid amidein the presence of (C) a catalyst for the crosslinking of N-methylol compounds of the type (B) above, and subsequently carrying out a heat-curing step.These compounds are useful for the aftertreatment of textile material.

Abstract: A precondensate obtained by reacting(A) the product of reacting a mono- or polyfunctional primary or secondary amine with cyanamide, dicyandiamide, guanidine or biguanidine and(B) an epihalohydrin is obtained in the form of a stable aqueous dispersion by acidifying the reaction product, optionally in the presence of a water-soluble polymer. The product is useful as an after-treatment agent to improve the fastness of dyeings on cotton, wool or silk.

Abstract: Cellulose fiber materials are dyed with a dye represented by a free acid of the formula, ##STR1## wherein W.sub.1 and W.sub.2 are independently a direct linkage or a bridging group, Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 are independently a fiber-reactive group, A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are independently a phenylene or naphthylene group unsubstituted or substituted, D is a residue of 1-amino-8-naphthol mono- or di-sulfonic acid, m and n are independently 0, 1 or 2, provided that they satisfy the formula, 0<m+n.ltoreq.2, and each sulfo group appended to A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 is located at the carbon atom adjacent to the azo group, and then finished with a finishing agent capable of bonding with cellulose through a bridge formation, thereby obtaining dyed and finished products excellent in anticrease and shrinkproofing properties as well as various fastness properties such as light fastness, perspiration light fastness and chlorine fastness without any color change.

Abstract: Dyeings on cellulose with direct or reactive dyestuffs are given improved wet fastness properties by aftertreatment with a reaction product or mixture of a polybasic amino compound (A) with an N-methylol compound (B) or with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde donor and optionally a crosslinking catalyst (C). Particular direct or reactive dyestuffs and polybasic amino compounds are determined to be suitable in the dyeing and aftertreatment when the dyestuff and the polybasic amino compound (A) are such that when mixed together in aqueous solution they give a precipitate which, after washing and drying does not redissolve in aqueous alkali at pH.gtoreq.12 at room temperature.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for fixing direct and reactive dyestuffs on cellulosic fibers. According to the process, a zirconium salt is added to a conventional fixating agent, especially the condensation product of formaldehyde with a compound containing as part of the molecule at least one amino group.

Abstract: The wet fastness properties of direct or reactive dyeings on cellulosic substrates are improved by aftertreatment with a precondensate of(A) the product of reacting a mono- or polyfunctional primary or secondary amine with cyanamide, dicyandiamide (DCDA), guanidine or biguanidine; or ammonia with cyanamide or DCDA; whereby up to 50 mole % of the cyanamide, DCDA, guanidine or biguanide may be replaced with a dicarboxylic acid or a mono- or di-ester thereof, said product (A) containing reactive hydrogen atoms bound to nitrogen, and either(B) an epihalohydrin or a precursor thereof, or(C) formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursor, or(D) a dihydroxyalkyleneurea or a methyl ether thereof,followed by formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursor optionally together with(E) an N-methylol derivative of a urea, melamine, guanamine, triazinone, urone, carbamate or acid amideand, if (A) is used with (C) or (D), or if (E) is present, together with(F) a catalyst for the cross-linking of N-methylol compounds of the type (E) abov

Abstract: Viscose or other regenerated cellulose fibres are prepared for dyeing by cross-linking the fibres, and they are then dyed by a continuous dyeing technique, followed by fixing of the dye in the fibres. The continuous dyeing generally involves impregnating the assembly in one or more impregnation stages with a vat or reactive dye and alkali. The process results in improved dye receptivity. The process is of particular value for the production of dyed fabrics and yarns and novel products comprise cross-linked regenerated cellulose fibres dyed with vat or reactive dyes. Other disclosed processes involve stretching cross-linked viscose fibres during mercerization, and cross-linking crimped fibres.

Abstract: The wet fastness properties of direct or reactive dyeings on cellulosic substrates are improved by aftertreatment with an agent comprising(A) a linear or crosslinked polymer comprising repeating units containing at least two quaternary nitrogen atoms linked by bridging groups connected to the quaternary nitrogen atoms by alkylene or arylene groups; optionally(B) an N-methylol derivative of a urea, melamine, guanamine, triazinone, urone, carbamate or acid amide;and, as an essential component,(C) a catalyst for the cross-linking of N-methylol compounds of the type (B) above,and subsequently carrying out a heat-curing step.Certain of the quaternary polymers (A), containing melamine groups, are novel.

Abstract: The wet fastness properties of direct or reactive dyeings on cellulosic substrates are improved by aftertreatment with a precondensate or mixture of(A) the product of reacting a polyalkylenepolyamine in free base or salt form with an epihalohydrin or a precursor thereofand (B) and N-methylol derivative of a urea, melamine, guanamine, triazinone, urone, carbamate or acid amidein the presence of(C) a catalyst for the cross-linking of N-methylol compounds of the type (B) above,followed by a heat-curing step.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a woven fabric of low air permeability which comprises preparing a woven fabric by use of a composite fiber of a splitting and severing type, which consists of polyester and polyamide and produces extremely fine fibers of 0.001 to 0.8 denier size, as a warp and/or a weft; treating thus obtained woven fabric by use of an aqueous emulsion of a swelling agent for polyester and nylon under the conditions where nylon is mainly allowed to swell and then shrink; scouring and dyeing the woven fabric; and after calendering the woven fabric with the use of heated rollers rotated under pressure.

Abstract: The fastness of direct dyes on cellulose substrates is improved by after-treatment with the reaction product of a quaternary polyalkylene polyamine with an N-methylol resin precursor, and heat curing in the presence of a catalyst. The unfixed portion of reactive dyes substantive to cellulose may also be given improved wet and light fastness by this treatment.

Abstract: The wet fastness properties of direct or reactive dyeings on cellulosic substrates are improved by aftertreatment with a precondensate of(A) the product of reacting a mono- or polyfunctional primary or secondary amine with cyanamide, dicyandiamide (DCDA), guanidine or biguanidine; or ammonia with cyanamide or DCDA; whereby up to 50 mole % of the cyanamide, DCDA, guanidine or biguanidine may be replaced with a dicarboxylic acid or a mono- or di-ester thereof, said product (A) containing reactive hydrogen atoms bound to nitrogen,and either (B) an epihalohydrin or a precursor thereofor (C) formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursoror (D) a dihydroxyalkyleneurea or a methyl ether thereof, followed by formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursoroptionally together with (E) an N-methylol derivative of a urea, melamine, guanamine, triazinone, urone, carbamate or acid amideand, if (A) is used with (C) or (D), or if (E) is present, together with (F) a catalyst for the cross-linking of N-methylol compounds of the type (E) ab

Abstract: The fastness properties of basic dyeings on cellulosic substrates are improved by treating the substrate with a fixing agent comprising a precondensate or mixture of(A) the reaction product of an amine with cyanamide, dicyandiamide, guanidine or biguanidine, or,(B) a quaternary polyalkylene polyamine with(C) formaldehyde and/or,(D) an N-methylol compound optionally together with(E) a catalyst, e.g. MgCl.sub.2.The fixing agents are normally applied as an aftertreatment, with a subsequent heat-curing step.

Abstract: The wet fastness properties of direct or reactive dyeings on cellulosic substrates are improved by aftertreatment with an agent comprising(A) a linear or crosslinked polymer comprising repeating units containing at least two quaternary nitrogen atoms linked by bridging groups connected to the quaternary nitrogen atoms by alkylene or arylene groups;optionally(B) an N-methylol derivative of a urea, melamine, guanamine, triazinone, urone, carbamate or acid amide;and, as an essential component,(C) a catalyst for the cross-linking of N-methylol compounds of the type (B) above,and subsequently carrying out a heat-curing step.Certain of the quaternary polymers (A), containing melamine groups, are novel.

Abstract: The wet fastness of direct dyes on cellulose substrates is improved by after-treatment with the reaction product of an amine with cyanamide, dicyanodiamide, guanidine or biguanidine which is further reacted with an N-methylol resin precursor, and heat curing in the presence of a catalyst. The unfixed portion of reactive dyes substantive to cellulose may also be given improved wet fastness by this treatment, so that washing to remove unfixed reactive dye may not be necessary.

Abstract: A cycloaliphatic diester of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl of 4-20 carbon atoms, polyoxyalkylene of the formula HO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, HO(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.n C.sub.3 H.sub.6 --, HO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.p (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.q C.sub.3 H.sub.6 --, or HO(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.p (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.q C.sub.2 H.sub.4 -- or phosphated polyoxyalkylene, wherein n is 2-22 and the sum of p+q is n, in combination with a high boiling aromatic ester, is useful in fiber treating and textile processing compositions. Corresponding cycloaliphatic diesters wherein R is Ar'COO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, Ar'COO(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.n C.sub.3 H.sub.6 --, Ar'COO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.p (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.q C.sub.3 H.sub.6 --, or Ar'COO(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.p --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.q C.sub.2 H.sub.

Abstract: A process for printing textile materials consisting of cellulosic fibers, or of blends of cellulosic fibers and synthetic fibers, using a print paste which contains a synthetic thickener and a disperse dye, with or without conventional assistants, and, per 1,000 parts by weight of print paste, from 40 to 250 parts by weight of an N-methylol compound or N-methylol-ether compound of urea, of a urea derivative or of a carbamic acid ester, the print being fixed at an elevated temperature. The resulting prints have exceptionally good washfastness.

Abstract: A process for slop-padding textile cellulose material with anionic substantive dyes, which consists in applying to said material an aqueous dye liquor which, in addition to the dye, contains(a) a quaternization product of a polyalkylene oxide adduct of 2 to 100 moles of alkylene oxide and optionally 1 mole of styrene oxide with 1 mole of a fatty amine containing at least 8 carbon atoms,(b) an etherified N-methylolmelamine, and(c) an acid catalyst,if desired drying the impregnated cellulose material and then subjecting it to a heat treatment.

Abstract: A novel process for the continuous dyeing of cellulose textile material with anionic substantive dyes is disclosed. The process consists initially in applying to the cellulose material an aqueous liquor which, in addition to the dye, contains(A) 2.5 to 15 g/l of an etherified N-methylolmelamine,(B) an acid catalyst and at least one of the components(C) an anionic surfactant,(D) a non-ionic surfactant and(E) an organic solvent which boils above 140.degree. C.The material is then dried, if desired, and subsequently subjected to a heat treatment. An increase in dye yield of 100 to 400% is obtained with this process in continuous dyeing, especially in a pad-thermofix process. The dyeings are level and have excellent wetfastness and lightfastness properties.

Abstract: Aqueous dyestuff preparation of water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble dyes are used for the preparation of printing pastes for printing textile material and for printing carriers for transfer printing. These preparations contain at least 10% by weight of water, 25 to 60% by weight of a finely dispersed water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble dye, 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one water-soluble aminoplast precondensate, 0.5 to 5% by weight of a non-ionic copolymer of ethylene oxide with a further olefin, oxide said copolymer containing at least 65% by weight of ethylene oxide and having a molecular weight higher than 12,000, as well as, if desired or necessary, further nonionic ingredients.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymeric mixtures prepared by mixing 1 to 10 parts by weight of a quaternary ammonium polymer with 0.5 to 7 parts by weight of a high molecular weight nonionic and/or cationic vinyl-addition polymer, and 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a nonionic and/or cationic surfactant have utility in many diverse applications.