Abstract: A process for using reduced vat dyes in a continuous dyeing process for production of dyed yarns and fabrics of different colors. In the process, dye composition is introduced to a treatment unit for reduction to desired dye composition. The dye concentration in the treatment unit is lower than feeding dye concentration so that dye precipitation does not occur, but significantly higher than the circulating dye concentration so that the dye is reduced efficiently. Although the preferred location for the treatment unit is before the circulation line, it may be at any location before the dip-dye tank.

Abstract: A process for tinting of articles molded from a polymeric resin is disclosed. Preferably, the article is molded from polycarbonate and the process entails immersing the molded article in a dye bath that contains water, dye, a carrier and an optional surfactant.

Abstract: A dye composition of 99.7% pure glycerin and press cake dye is provided along with an apparatus and method of use for the same. The apparatus sets the dye composition into polyester yarns by heating the composition to 160-190.degree. C. and then cooling the composition to 100-140.degree. C. Prescour, dye scour and post scour vessels are provided to facilitate the dyeing process. The fluids used in the apparatus and process are recycled by recycling units.

Abstract: The present invention is a fully automated modified batch dyeing process that provides a process that reduces water consumption, reduces environmental pollution, and reduces the energy and chemical consumption of the conventional batch dyeing process through efficient reuse of spent dyebath. The invention provides a holding tank which stores the spent dyebath, and an analysis system which allows for the analysis of the dyebath in the holding tank so that the dyebath may be reconstituted and used in the batch dyeing process.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of a fibrous article utilizing closed-loop metered dosing of one or more dyes and one or more chemicals that are adjusted in real time as a function of selected monitored parameters of the dyeing bath. The process includes immersing the fibrous article in a heated liquid bath of a solvent medium for the dye wherein the bath has a predetermined pH. Acid is added to the dyeing bath to reduce the pH according to a predetermined profile that is responsive to real-time measurements of dyeing bath pH. Dye is also added to the dyeing bath during dyeing as a liquid concentrate and responsive to real-time calculations of dye uptake by the fibrous article. Dye uptake is calculated periodically by determining in real time during dyeing (1) the solution concentration of the dye in the dyeing bath and (2) the amount of the dye added to the dyeing bath, and then calculating the uptake of dye by the fibrous article therefrom.

Abstract: A continuous process for dyeing yarns with vattable dyes comprises, in continuous yarn dyeing ranges, metering an aqueous dye dispersion into the circulating chemical liquor.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and related dye compositions for dyeing textiles which operates at atmospheric pressures, is open to the atmosphere, and does not require the steaming of the textile to set or fix the dye to the textile; specifically, a multi-temperature textile dyeing method which achieves a more complete and even dyeing of the textile in a shorter period of time.

Abstract: A method for dyeing nylon filaments for use in wear-indicating toothbrushes includes immersing a batch of a first nylon filament for between 10 minutes and 80 minutes in an aqueous solution containing between 0.01% and 0.19% weight to volume of Indigotine dye, said solution having a pH between 1 and 7 and having a temperature between 50.degree. C. and 90.degree. C., the dye penetrating into the filament to color an outer cross-sectional region and not penetrating into an inner cross-sectional region of the filament; removing the batch of the first nylon filament from the solution, and repeating the steps for a batch of a second nylon filament, reusing the same solution.

Abstract: A process for the subsequent dyeing of cellulose fibre materials with reactive dyestuffs by the exhaust method from a single bath is characterized in that the exhausted bath used for the previous dyeing is reused without any further purification operation after the volume, salt content and initial pH value have each been brought to the level required for the next dyeing.

Abstract: A continuous process for treating a web of material by the wet-in-wet application of two serially arranged treatment baths includes the steps of: applying a first treatment bath to the web; squeezing off excess moisture from the web to a specified moisture content; applying a second treatment bath to the web while it is still wet from the first treatment bath such that the web is in contact with a quantity of the second bath that is no greater than that quantity that can be continually absorbed by the web; replenishing the second treatment bath; and reducing the moisture content of the web to a specified moisture content immediately after application of the second treatment bath.

Abstract: A process is described for dyeing hydrophobic fibre material with unfinished disperse dyes from an aqueous liquor, which comprises dissolving one or more such dyes in water at a temperature of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. by means of a surfactant or surfactant mixture with a hydrotroping or solubilizing action on disperse dyes, bringing the dye solution together with the substrate in a dyeing apparatus, then heating the dyeing liquor to the dyeing temperature and completing the dyeing at that temperature and then removing the substrate and restoring the exhausted dyeing liquor to the original composition by adding water, surfactant and dye and using it again for dyeing.