Abstract: A dye composition of 99.7% pure glycerin and press cake dye is provided along with an apparatus and method of use for the same. The apparatus sets the dye composition into polyester yarns by heating the composition to 160-190.degree. C. and then cooling the composition to 100-140.degree. C. Prescour, dye scour and post scour vessels are provided to facilitate the dyeing process. The fluids used in the apparatus and process are recycled by recycling units.

Abstract: A method for exhaust dyeing a polyester or polyester blend textile article with a disperse dye is provided whereby the article is first treated with an aliphatic amine to reduce the tensile strength of the polyester fibers, followed by dyeing the fabric in a bath containing from 1.0 to 3.0 weight percent based on the weight of the fabric, of a compound selected from the group consisting of:(a) C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 aliphatic fatty acid ethoxylates having from 5 to 15 ethylene oxide residues;(b) C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 alcohol ethoxylates having from 5 to 15 ethylene oxide residues; and(c) C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 aliphatic amine ethoxylates having from 5 to 15 ethylene oxide residues,to achieve a spot free, level dyed fabric, with reduced pilling tendencies.

Abstract: Synthetic fibers and synthetic fiber textile materials finished with mineral oil finishes, silicone oil finishes or both can be simultaneously stripped of these finishes and dyed in one liquor comprising as essential ingredientsa) anionic and/or amphoteric surfactants,b) dyes, andc) optionally further compounds selected from the group consisting of the nonionic surfactants, the terpene hydrocarbons/alcohols, sorbitol esters and their alkoxylates, fatty acid ethanolamides, alkylpolyglycosides and solvents.The treatment is carried out at pH 4.0 to 7.5 at 80-110.degree. C. and at a liquor ratio of 5:1 to 100:1.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for reducing dyes of the group consisting of sulfur and vat dyes. The reduction is carried out in an aqueous alkali medium using isomaltulose or a mixture containing isomaltulose as the reducing agent.

Abstract: Diiminoisoindoline derivatives or 3-aminoisoindolone derivatives, or tautomeric forms thereof, used as oxidizing-agent-free dye precursors in dyeing keratin fibers, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, without an oxidizing agent, in the presence of compounds containing a primary or secondary amine function; dye compositions containing these compounds and to the dyeing devices and processes used.

Abstract: The use of linear or cyclic silicon compounds containing at least one chromophoric group of quinone or azo type as direct dyes in dye compositions intended for dyeing human keratin fibres and in particular the hair. The invention also relates to novel silicon compounds and dye compositions containing them, as well as to the corresponding direct dyeing process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for dyeing a textile substrate, in particular for dyeing polyester yarns. The substrate to be dyed is placed in an autoclave and a supercritical fluid containing at least one dyestuff is applied to it, i.e. passed through it. The supercritical fluid is pumped continuously via a circulation system allocated to the autoclave, and, in order to terminate the dyeing process, the pressure and/or temperature is lowered and/or the volume is increased. Immediately before and/or during the pressure and/or temperature reduction and/or volume increase, as much as possible of any residual dye which has not been transferred to the substrate is removed from the fluid.

Abstract: The description relates to a process for dyeing a textile substrate in at least one supercritical fluid, preferably for dyeing spools of yarn in supercritical carbon dioxide, where the textile substrate is placed in an autoclave in which the supercritical fluid containing at least one dye is caused to flow over or in it. The at least one dye is brought into contact with the supercritical fluid in loose, molten, solution and/or dispersion form to produce a stable solution of the dye in said fluid, avoiding the originally dissolved dye's deposition from the solution or the formation of dye agglomerates therein having a particle size of over 30 .mu.m and advantageously over 15 .mu.m.

Abstract: A liquid dyestuff composition comprising from 4 to 50 wt % of a basic or cationic water soluble dyestuff, an organic or inorganic acid and 0.1 to 15.0 wt % of a phenolic derivative, the dyestuff having a solubility in water in the presence or absence of a phenolic derivative of at least 1 g/liter at a temperature of 25.degree. C. and the composition being made up to 100 wt % by water and optionally a water-miscible solvent and/or a dissolving auxiliary; a process of dyeing a substrate like paper with such composition; a powder or granulate form of such composition and the use of such a composition or powder or granulate thereof in a dyeing process.

Abstract: Improved dyeing processes for yarn and fabric materials are described. Dye pattern definition on a textile material is enhanced by treating the fabric or the fibers from which it is made with a quaternary ammonium compound and by including in the dye composition a gum which will react with the quaternary ammonium compound to form a viscous gel. The gel minimizes migration of the dye prior to fixation of the dye, and therefore pattern definition is improved. Similar improvements can be obtained when space dyeing yarn that comprises fibers that have been so treated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for dyeing wood veneer. The veneer is immersed in a dye bath. The dye is preferably heated to speed up penetration times. The dye bath containing the veneer is then put into pressurized chamber and pressurized to 50-500 psi. The chamber is pressurized until the wood absorbs the amount of color that is desired. When the color is absorbed the pressure is released and the veneer is removed. The veneer is then washed with water until there is no bleeding and then air dried.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel dyeing assistant preparations comprising, as component (a), at least one amine oxide of the formula ##STR1## in which R is an aliphatic radical having 8 to 24 carbon atoms andR.sub.1 is an aliphatic radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl and has 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms,as component (b), at least one compound of the formulaR.sub.2 --U--(R.sub.3 --O).sub.m --W (2),in whichR.sub.2 is an aliphatic radical having 8 to 24 carbon atoms,R.sub.3 is alkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms,U is --O-- or ##STR2## in which Z is a direct bond, (R.sub.3 --O)).sub.r or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene andW.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl, isocyanato, phenyl, benzyloxymethylene or phenethyloxymethylene, m and r independently of one another are a number from 2 to 25,(R.sub.3 --O).sub.m is m identical or different radicals (R.sub.3 --O) and(R.sub.3 --O).sub.

Abstract: Suede-like artificial leather is described that is treated with at least one dye selected from the group consisting of sulfur dyes, vat dyes and sulfur vat dyes, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxy benzophenone. The suede-like artificial leather has excellent color resistance to light and color fastness to both washing and dry-cleaning.

Abstract: There is described a liquid preparation comprising:a) 10 to 40 % by weight of the fluorescent whitening agent having the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, ammonium or magnesium; b) 10 to 85% by weight of polyethylene glycol having a mean molecular weight in the range of from 150 to 500;c) 0 to 75% by weight of water; andd) 0 to 20% by weight of one or more auxiliary compounds; each based on the total weight of the liquid preparation.The new formulation is suitable for the fluorescent whitening of paper or detergents, and is stable over a wide range of temperature.

Abstract: A built-in cantilevered open topped hollow to allow for the diverse advantage of planted foliage on new or pre-existing vertical wall constructs.

Abstract: A water-reducible composition comprises A) between about 20 and about 50 wt % of a water-insoluble nigrosine, B) between about 25 and about 40 wt % of a solvent having a flashpoint of at least about 141.degree. F. (61.degree. C.) and a boiling point of at least about 280.degree. F. (138.degree. C.), and C) between about 20 and about 40 wt % of a non-ionic surfactant, the weight percentages being based on total weight of A), B), and C).The composition is prepared by dissolving the nigrosine A) in a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkanol to form an alcohol solution, mixing the alcohol solution with the solvent B) and non-ionic surfactant C, and subsequently stripping the C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkanol.

Abstract: Cellulosic textiles are printed or dyed with multiple hook reactive dyes without fabric hand harshening on using a reactive dye preparation containing 0.5 to 10% by weight of a surfactant and 0 to 10% by weight of an antifoaming agent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for printing fibre material by the direct printing process, which process comprises printing the fibre material with a print paste comprising at least one dye, one cellulose derivative or alginate as thickener as well as further customary assistants and wherein the print paste comprises .ltoreq.5% by weight, based on the print paste, of a homopolymer or copolymer based on acrylamide.The novel process makes it possible to obtain strong patterned prints on a white ground which have good levelness, good fastness properties and sharp contours. The print pastes are distinguished by good homogeneity, good storage stability and simple handling.

Abstract: A liquid dyestuff composition comprising a solvent-soluble dyestuff and a water miscible organic solvent, the composition comprising over 25% by weight of dissolved dyestuff.

Abstract: By reducing a sulphur dye (S) in aqueous medium with a reducing carbonyl compound in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide and optionally alkali metal (bi)sulphite at temperatures above 60.degree. C. and drying the reaction mixture, there are obtained very stable leuco sulphur dyes (L), which are practically free of sulphides and polysulphides, are readily and completely soluble in water and are usable for the dyeing of substrates dyeable with sulphur dyes, by which a disturbing development of H.sub.2 S or a disturbing inorganic sulphide occurrance in the waste water can be efficiently avoided; by spray-drying in a drying time <4 minutes as described there are obtained sulphide-free, stable leuco sulphur dyes (L) readily soluble in water and particularly suitable for sulphide-free dyeing, in particular for the dyeing of polyamidic fibrous substrates, especially of wool.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dyeing wool-containing fibre materials with anionic dyes, which comprises dyeing said materials in the presence of a wool protective agent containing at least one compound of formula ##STR1## wherein the variables are as claimed in the claims. Rubfast level dyeings with no impairment of wool quality are obtainable by said process.

Abstract: An acid dye composition for hair containing (i) 0.01-5.0% by weight of at least one silicone, or (ii) 0.001-0.1% by weight of dye and 1% by weight or more of benzyl alcohol based upon the total amount of the composition.

Abstract: A process for dyeing and printing textile materials consisting of cellulose fibers or containing cellulose fibers in a blend with other fibers in an aqueous medium at above pH 12 with vattable dyes in the presence of cyclic compounds which contain at least one instance of the structural unit ##STR1## in the ring of the molecule as reducing agents and finishing the dyeing in a conventional manner.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for applying color to a fabric to create random dye patterns thereon. The method comprises the steps of applying at least one dye accelerant onto the fabric in a random and nonuniform manner so that the resulting fabric has random areas containing dye accelerant and random areas not containing dye accelerant; applying dye to the fabric at a temperature effective to permit rapid absorption of the dye into the dye accelerant containing areas, and less or no absorption of the dye into the areas not containing dye accelerant; and removing unabsorbed dye while inhibiting migration of absorbed dye within the fabric. The present invention also provides a method for applying color to a fabric utilizing an automated dyeing apparatus. The present invention further provides a vat-dyed fabric having differing random patterns of dye intensity of at least one color on opposite sides of the fabric.

Abstract: A low temperature microemulsion dyeing process for polyester fibers includes the steps of microemulsifying a swelling agent in water to form a continuous microemulsion solution, adding dyestuff and a dye solubility assistant agent selected from the group of short chain alcohols, dyeing polyester fibers at room temperature for 1-3 hours, washing the polyester fibers with a nonionic washing agent and thereafter drying the dyed polyester fibers.

Abstract: A process for dyeing textile materials of naturally occurring and synthetic polyamide fibres, in which dyeing is carried out at the boiling point of the dyebath during a short dyeing time which is therefore gentle on the fibres, and level dyeings having good fastness properties are obtained (high temperature rapid dyeing process).The dyeing process is carried out with dyebaths with comprise specific surfactants. A high degree of exhaustion of the dye liquors is achieved, and dyeing from static baths is thus rendered possible.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for tinting hydrogel materials, such as contact lenses, by dissolving a leuco sulfate ester of a vat dye in an compatible monomer solution, adding an oxidizing initiator to the monomer solution, and oxidizing and polymerizing the monomer solution and dye in the same solution. In one aspect, the oxidation and polymerization are conducted simultaneously whereas in another embodiment, the oxidation of the soluble leuco sulfate ester of a vat dye to the insoluble vat dye and polymerization are conducted sequentially in the same reaction medium.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and related dye compositions for dyeing textiles which operates at atmospheric pressures, is open to the atmosphere, and does not require the steaming of the textile to set or fix the dye to the textile; specifically, a multi-temperature textile dyeing method which achieves a more complete and even dyeing of the textile in a shorter period of time.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of fiber materials with water-soluble anionic dyes, in particular those having a fiber-reactive group, is described, according to which dyeing is carried out using low-electrolyte or entirely electrolyte-free and/or low-alkali or entirely alkali-free dye solutions (dye liquors, printing pastes) and in which a fiber material is used which was modified by means of a saturated straight-chain or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compound which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy groups and contains at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amino group or quaternary ammonium group and at least one hydrolyzable ester group, it also being possible for the aliphatic radical in this compound to be interrupted by one or more hetero groups.

Abstract: A dye which is either 2-naphthalenol (phenylazo) phenyl azo alkyl derivatives and 1,4-dialkylamino anthraquinone is added to sufficient non-ionic surfactant to compatibilize it with ethanol and an solvent to produce a homogeneous solution. The homogeneous solution is added to ethanol in an amount to provide a desired amount of coloration to the ethanol.

Abstract: A sulfur dye or sulfurized vat dye is treated in an aqueous reducing medium, preferably an aqueous mixture of alkali and reducing sugar, to form a solution which is then oxidized to form particles of the dye having improved characteristics.

Abstract: Described is a process for dyeing fibrous materials made of or containing wool with anionic dyes, which comprises dyeing these materials in the presence of a wool preservative comprising at least one compound of the formulaR--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 --Y (1),where the variables are each as defined in the claims. The process makes available rub-fast level dyeings without deterioration in the quality of the wool.

Abstract: Polycarbonate materials are dyed by immersion into a mixture of dye or pigment dissolved in a solvent blend. The blend is made up of an impregnating solvent, which attacks the polycarbonate and allows impregnation of the dye or pigment, and a moderating solvent which reduces the aggressiveness of the impregnating solvent. A graded tint is provided by slowly withdrawing the immersed polycarbonate material from the mixture. Polycarbonate materials having a graded tint, especially sheets in the form of lenses and goggles, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acid dye-leveling composition that is useful for imparting a dye-leveling characteristic to fibers, as well as acting as a cleaner for hard surfaces or for fibers. The composition comprises (a) the reaction product of a piperazine compound, a piperazinone compound, an amine compound, or a combination thereof, with an alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonic acid, and (b) an alcohol alkoxylate.

Abstract: A method for dyeing fibrous material is provided. The method includes contacting a fibrous material with a dyebath comprising a mixture of a dye assistant and a dye soluble or dispersed with dye assistant in the dyebath. The dye assistant comprises a salt of a low molecular weight aromatic sulfonic acid, and can include a low molecular weight surfactant. The dye assistant of the present invention can be advantageously utilized for dyeing difficult to dye fibers such as aromatic polyamide fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers and aromatic polyimide fibers.

Abstract: A printing process wherein the surface of a fabric is subjected to lithography or relief printing and subsequently to aftertreatment including steaming, soaping and rinsing and which is characterized in that the process employs an ink comprising:(a) a coloring agent comprising a dye prepared by rendering a fiber-reactive water soluble dye insoluble and/or oleophilic, and(b) a vehicle comprising(I) a lithographic oily varnish and/or(II) a glycol varnish and/or an amino alcohol varnish containing at least one of hydrotroping agent, neutral sodium salt, surfactant, basic material, water and alcohol,(c) the coloring agent (a) and the vehicle (b) being mixed or kneaded together.

Abstract: A marine dye composition comprising a water soluble or dispersible dye, particles of a density controlling material having a bulk density and being present in an amount so as to cause said composition to have a relative density of about 1 and to be capable of floating at the surface of a body of water and a water soluble or dispersible binding agent for binding the dye and particles of density controlling material together.

Abstract: The invention provides for the use of alkanediols of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms as dustproofing agents in solid dye preparations. Dye preparations (powders) which contain such alkanediols are extremely low-dusting.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process and a composition for dyeing polymeric fibers which have limited dye sites and/or difficult to penetrate chemical structures. Briefly stated, the process comprises the steps of contacting polymeric fibers with a dye composition comprising a disperse dye and a swelling agent. The fibers in contact with said dye composition are then preferably heated to a temperature and for a time sufficient to effect dispersion of a portion of said dye into said polymeric fibers. Subsequently, the fibers are treated to remove residual dye composition.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of a fibrous article containing fibers of a polyamide polymer with at least one anionic dye. The process includes immersing the article in a liquid dyeing bath of a substantially nonaqueous solvent medium and heating to a temperature at least equal to the dyeing transition temperature of the fiber. The anionic dye is added to the dyeing bath so that the rate of dye addition is the primary control over the rate of dye uptake by the article.

Abstract: A fire-proof buri filament material making process includes steps of obtaining buri fibers by dipping a smashed rattan buri in a salt and dilute hydrochloric acid solution, drying the buri fibers, dipping the well-dried buri fibers in a heated hydrogen peroxide dilution, boiling the buri fibers in a pigment dye, glycerin and soda water solution, dipping the colored buri fibers in a solution containing ammonium phosphate and borax at the ratio of 3:1 for 30 minutes in forming into buri filaments, drying the buri filaments and cutting them into the desired length and binding them up with iron wires in forming into bunches of buri filaments. The invention also relates to the buri filaments made according to the aforesaid process.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions, which are stable on storage, of certain benzoquinone and naphthoquinone dyestuffs in an anhydrous solvent containing a non-ionic surface-active agent.

Abstract: Liquid dye preparations useful for making color ribbons or ballpoint pen pastes contain at least one dye of the formula ##STR1## where X is hydroxyl, amino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 -monoalkylamino, R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are each a carboxylate group or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 -alkoxy, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen, nitro or chlorine, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 -alkyl, plus as solvent at least one product selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, tridecanol, isotridecanol, glycol ethers, olein, dialkyl phthalates, chloroalkanes, alkanes disubstituted by phenyl, dialkylnaphthalenes and partly hydrogenated terphenyl.

Abstract: A dyeing aid composition containing 1 to 60% by weight of a surfactant selected from (a) C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl alcohol sulfate, C.sub.14-18 alkane sulfonate and C.sub.10-14 alkyl benzenesulfonate; (b) castor oil containing 20-50 mols ethylene oxide, alkoxylated C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl alcohols, and alkoxylated C.sub.8-12 alkylphenols; from about 1 to about 25% by weight of sulfated hydroxyalkyl alkylpolyalkylene glycol ether corresponding to formula I ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl radical, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.6-8 alkyl radical, M is an alkali metal or, ammonium cation, n=2 or 3 and x is a number of about 2 to about 10; and from about 1 to about 30% by weight of C.sub.

Abstract: Concentrated dye solutions of dyes of the formula (1) shown in claim are described.The dye solutions are distinguished by a good storage stability and are suitable, in particular, for dyeing paper.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of printing a cellulose fiber material with a reactive dye or direct dye, which comprises printing the cellulose fiber material with a printing paste containing an emulsion formed by emulsifying a mixture comprising a hydrophobic substance liquid at room temperature, represented by the following general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated monoaliphatic carboxylic acid having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently represent a methyl group, an ethyl group or a phenyl group, and l and m represent zero or a positive integer, with the proviso that the sum of l and m is an integer of from 1 to 300 and when each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, the sum of l and m is an integer of from 6 to 300, and a hydrophobic substance solid at room temperature, represented by the following general formula II:A(OR.sub.5).sub.

Abstract: Aromatic polyamide fibers, which have been dried and/or crystallized, are steam dyed with a water-soluble dye padded onto the surface of fibers, along with a small amount of a carrier.

Abstract: Concentrated, aqueous preparations of 1:2 metal complex dyes which contain 10 to 30% by weight of a 1:2 metal complex dye, 3 to 25% by weight of an anionic dispersant, 1 to 15% by weight of a polyhydroxy compound and 0 to 25% by weight of a customary formulation assistant, in each case based on the total preparation, and water in an amount such that the sum of all the components is 100%, have an excellent stability, are readily pourable and can be diluted with water as desired, and are therefore particularly suitable for the preparation of dyebaths or printing pastes which are employed, in particular, for continuous dyeing or printing of textile fibrous materials of synthetic polyamide.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for tinting plastic material; specifically, polycarbonate and other plastic eyeglass lenses. The dye solution has an elevated boiling point which allows for dyeing of the material at rates and temperatures above 212 degrees F. The dye solution temperature is maintained and controlled within a preselected tolerance by a temperature controlling unit and its associated heater, which is affixed to the dyeing tank. Dye solution is agitated and dispursed by a stirrer and stirring apparatus, and dye solution level is maintained by an automatic fill apparatus.

Abstract: A process for the pre-treatment of natural and regenerated cellulosic fibres and blends thereof with synthetic fibres for the purpose of subsequent transfer printing comprises applying to said fibres a composition comprising a mixture of hexamethoxymethyl melamine and a C.sub.4-8 glycol in the presence of water, and drying said fibres at a temperature below 180.degree. C.The above compositions per se, with or without water and polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride polymer or copolymer emulsions or dispersions, are also claimed.