Abstract: A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens having a lens substrate and at least one coating is disclosed. The method includes providing a lens substrate having an uncoated or precoated front surface and an uncoated or precoated back surface, applying at least one coating to at least one of the surfaces of the lens substrate, the surface of the at least one coating being modifiable when contacted with at least one medium able to modify the surface of the at least one coating, contacting the surface of the at least one coating, partially or completely, with the at least one medium, considering the individual peripheral refraction, obtaining the spectacle lens having the lens substrate and the at least one coating, the surface of the at least one coating being modified according to the individual peripheral refraction.

Abstract: A process for using reduced vat dyes in a continuous dyeing process for production of dyed yarns and fabrics of different colors. In the process, dye composition is introduced to a treatment unit for reduction to desired dye composition. The dye concentration in the treatment unit is lower than feeding dye concentration so that dye precipitation does not occur, but significantly higher than the circulating dye concentration so that the dye is reduced efficiently. Although the preferred location for the treatment unit is before the circulation line, it may be at any location before the dip-dye tank.

Abstract: A process for dyeing a fibrous substrate which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing at least one sulfur dye; providing at least one reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye and sulfur dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. Further, it has been surprising to find that these reduction stable direct dyes can be processed without a sulfur dye present. This results in a process for dyeing a fibrous substrate which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing a reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for dyeing a material, comprising (a) treating the material with a dyeing system which comprises one or more reduced vat dyes and/or one or more reduced sulfur dyes; and (b) oxidizing the one or more reduced vat dyes or one or more reduced sulfur dyes adsorbed onto the treated material with an oxidation system comprising (i) an oxygen source and one or more enzymes exhibiting oxidase activity or (ii) a hydrogen peroxide source and one or more enzymes exhibiting peroxidase activity, to convert the one or more reduced dyes to their original oxidized insoluble colored forms; wherein the material is a fabric, yarn, fiber, garment or film made of cotton, diacetate, flax, fur, hide, leather, linen, lyocel, polyacrylic, polyamide, polyester, ramie, rayon, silk, tencel, triacetate, viscose or wool.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for reducing dyes of the group consisting of sulfur and vat dyes. The reduction is carried out in an aqueous alkali medium using isomaltulose or a mixture containing isomaltulose as the reducing agent.

Abstract: Leucoindigo preparations in granule form consisting essentially of leucoindigo and alkali metal hydroxide and production of these preparations and use thereof for dyeing cellulose-containing textile material.

Abstract: Improved processes for the exhaust dyeing of cellulosic fibers with sulphur dyes in the presence of non-sulphide reducing agents wherein the dyeing of the textile substrate is performed in a closed vessel in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen level and then oxidizing.

Abstract: By reducing a sulphur dye (S) in aqueous medium with a reducing carbonyl compound in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide and optionally alkali metal (bi)sulphite at temperatures above 60.degree. C. and drying the reaction mixture, there are obtained very stable leuco sulphur dyes (L), which are practically free of sulphides and polysulphides, are readily and completely soluble in water and are usable for the dyeing of substrates dyeable with sulphur dyes, by which a disturbing development of H.sub.2 S or a disturbing inorganic sulphide occurrance in the waste water can be efficiently avoided; by spray-drying in a drying time <4 minutes as described there are obtained sulphide-free, stable leuco sulphur dyes (L) readily soluble in water and particularly suitable for sulphide-free dyeing, in particular for the dyeing of polyamidic fibrous substrates, especially of wool.

Abstract: A process for dyeing and printing textile materials consisting of cellulose fibers or containing cellulose fibers in a blend with other fibers in an aqueous medium at above pH 12 with vattable dyes in the presence of cyclic compounds which contain at least one instance of the structural unit ##STR1## in the ring of the molecule as reducing agents and finishing the dyeing in a conventional manner.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for tinting hydrogel materials, such as contact lenses, by dissolving a leuco sulfate ester of a vat dye in an compatible monomer solution, adding an oxidizing initiator to the monomer solution, and oxidizing and polymerizing the monomer solution and dye in the same solution. In one aspect, the oxidation and polymerization are conducted simultaneously whereas in another embodiment, the oxidation of the soluble leuco sulfate ester of a vat dye to the insoluble vat dye and polymerization are conducted sequentially in the same reaction medium.

Abstract: A continuous process for dyeing yarns with vattable dyes comprises, in continuous yarn dyeing ranges, metering an aqueous dye dispersion into the circulating chemical liquor.

Abstract: Leuco vat dyes are employed to produce brighter shades from oxidative dyes in oxidative haircoloring systems and processes.

Abstract: A process for reducing vat dyes, such as indigo, into their leuco form by placing a metal, such as aluminum, in water in the presence of a reduction facilitator to form a first solution after which a vat dye having the general structure O.dbd.C(--C.dbd.C--).sub.N C.dbd.O where N=1, 2 or 4 is mixed with the first solution to form a dye solution where substantially all of the vat dye is reduced to its soluble leuco form having the general structure HO--C.dbd.(C--C).sub.N .dbd.C--OH. The process includes dyeing fabric in the dye solution. the reduction facilitator may be a base, for example that produced hydroxide ions in water, and the first solution as well as the dye solution can be a basic solution. The soluble leuco can be isolated from the dye solution and dissolved in a non-aqueous solution. Prior to mixing the vat dye in water, it may first be dissolved in a solvent miscible with water.

Abstract: A method for tinting a water-absorptive contact lens to have a mark tinted thereon, which comprises superimposing on a water-absorptive contact lens in the dry state a screen provided with a tinting pattern corresponding to the mark to be tinted on the contact lens, applying to the contact lens through the tinting pattern of the screen a dye solution containing a vat dye and an alkaline reducing agent, followed by insolubilizing the vat dye.

Abstract: The process for dyeing leather by the exhaust method comprises allowing a pigment dispersion and an aqueous solution of sulfur dye to act on the conventionally pretreated leather in one step or in succession. It affords a high depth of shade and a high brilliance which are not achieved by using the pigment or the sulfur dye on its own.

Abstract: Cellulose fibers are dyed ecologically soundly with sulfur black dyes by the pad-dyeing process by avoiding sulfides as reducing agent by replacing them by a dithionite-based mixture with at least one reducing sugar. A high color yield, a deep black shade and good reproducibility are ensured. The preferred reducing sugar is glucose.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for dyeing cellulosic fibre materials with vat dyes, which comprises adding to the dyebath all or some of the auxiliary chemicals required for the dyeing process, and subsequently, after a pretratment time, adding the vat dye or its leuco form with the aid of a metering device to the dyebath, and dyeing the fiber materials by optionally increasing the temperature of the dyebath.Level dyeings are obtained with the novel process, the cellulosic material having a perfectly level appearance as well as good light- and wetfastness properties.

Abstract: An ink is provided which comprises a liquid medium containing at least water and an organic solvent and containing therein a water-soluble dye oxidizable to be water-insoluble and an antioxidant in combination. The ink can be fixed on a recording medium by oxidation, and is suitable for ink-jet printing. An ink-jet printing process employing the ink also provided.

Abstract: Cellulosic substrates are dyed by a continuous dyeing method with dispersed sulfur dyes using a reducing sugar, especially glucose, as the reducing agent for the dye.

Abstract: A leuco dye having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represent a lower alkyl group; R.sup.5 represents an .alpha.-naphthyl group, .beta.-naphthyl group or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 represents --NHCOR.sup.9, a halogen or an amino group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups which are the same or different; and R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 each represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, provided that when both R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen, R.sup.6 represents --NHCOR.sup.9 or bromine.These dyes absorb in the near-infrared region and yield colored images with a color developer therefor with excellent preservability.

Abstract: Shaped organic polymer hydrogels, especially contact lenses, are provided with opaque or translucent coloring so as to be capable of masking effectively any underlying color, e.g. the natural color of the eye. The hydrogel may be rendered opaque by precipitation in situ of a white or yellow water-insoluble, inorganic or organic material e.g. barium sulphate or an optical brightener and then colored with a suitable dyestuff.

Abstract: In opaquing and tinting a contact lens, an opaquing medium is deposited on the lens anterior surface as discrete randomly sized, randomly positioned droplets from a fine mist spray of the medium so that the ultimately formed opaque covering on the lens will correspond in appearance with the random droplet pattern. Mist spray apparatus also is provided.

Abstract: Liquid compositions of sulfur dyes in reduced form are obtained by reducing a sulfur dye in an alkaline medium to which no sulfide reducing agent has been added, preferably employing a reducing sugar as reducing agent and a sulfur dye which has been washed to remove inorganic salts therefrom.

Abstract: A process for dyeing cellulose fibres or cellulose-containing blend fibres with vat dyes, sulfur dyes, leuco vat ester dyes or azoic dyes by the pad dyeing process without incurring ending, in which an aqueous dyeing liquor is used which, aside from the dye, contains a colorless compound of the formula ##STR1## or of the formula ##STR2## where Q is ##STR3## or .dbd.N--, Y is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkylsulfonyl,V and W, independently of each other, are each R.sub.2 --X.sub.2 --, R.sub.3 --X.sub.3 --, hydroxyl C.sub.1 --C.sub.5 alkoxy or an unsubstituted or C.sub.1 --C.sub.5 alkyl-- or C.sub.5 --C.sub.6 cycloalkyl-monosubstituted or --disubstituted amino group, the alkyl radical being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, cyano, sulfo or sulfato,R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, independently of one another, are each an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical,X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.

Abstract: The wet-fastness properties of cellulose materials dyed with sulfur dyestuffs is improved by treating the cellulose materials, before, during or after dyeing, with a polymer which is a copolymer or homopolymer of a monomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote, for example, hydrogen or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.22)-alkyl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 denote hydrogen or methyl; and Y.sup..crclbar. denotes, for example, a monovalent anion.

Abstract: Polyester-cotton blend textile substrates are dyed with a disperse dye and then with a sulfur dye from the same dyebath which is maintained at a temperature no higher than 105.degree. C. when the sulfur dye is present therein and which preferably contains glucose as the reducing agent for the sulfur dye.

Abstract: A method is provided for tinting a hydrogel contact lens whereby the tinting effect is not appreciably affected by the underlying color of the iris of the wearer's eyes.

Abstract: A naphthalene derivative having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an R.sup.1 O (CH.sub.2).sub.n group, or a benzyl group, R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, and n represents an integer of 2 or 3.This compound in the leuco state can be stably isolated and can produce a strong and fast color upon oxidation under moderate conditions. This compound can be advantageously included in a hair dye composition, which is capable of stably and safely dyeing hair with a good and stable color under moderate conditions.

Abstract: An acidic, aqueous oxidant including ionized bromate, iodate and a soluble vanadium-containing material.

Abstract: Oxidation of dyeings with reduced vat and sulfur dyes, is accomplished in an improved manner with sodium chlorite under acid conditions of preferably pH 4.5-6 at 30.degree.-65.degree. C. in the presence of chelating agents which prevent the release of chlorine or chlorine compounds, such chelating agents being selected from derivatives of amino carboxylic acids, such as EDTA, and hydroxyalkane phosphonic acids.

Abstract: 1:2 Metal complexes of the formula ##STR1## in which each of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2, independently, is --COO-- or --O--,each of B.sub.1 and B.sub.2, independently, is a radical of a coupling component of the benzene or oxyquinoline series,M is a metal capable of forming a 1:2 complex and,each of ##STR2## independently, is the radical of a diazo component of the benzene series, with the proviso that at most one of such diazo component radicals contains a single sulpho group,and mixtures thereof with one or more of the corresponding symmetrical 1:2 metal complexes,which complexes and mixtures of complexes are in free acid or salt form and are useful as anionic dyes for dyeing and printing substrates such as natural and regenerated cellulose, natural and synthetic polyamides, polyurethanes and polymers modified to contain basic groups, especially leather.

Abstract: An acidic, aqueous oxidant including ionized bromate, iodate and a soluble molybdenum-containing material.

Abstract: The invention provides a photographic printing process which consists of impregnating a support with a photosensitive composition comprising a leuco ester of a vat dyestuff, an acid-generating substance and a catalyst, squeezing out the said support, and exposing the latter to light. The invention also provides equipment for carrying out the process continuously comprising an impregnation tank, a cylindrical irradiation drum equipped with a light source of elongated shape, a neutralization tank, a buffering tank and a rinsing tank. The said drum is equipped to receive, on its outer surface, a photographic plate and a strip of impregnated woven fabric. This process makes it possible to produce monochrome or polychrome patterns with permanent colors.