Abstract: By cutting-machining a side face of a scroll wrap with a non-rotational tool, swells in the perimeter direction have a smaller size. Thus, compressed gas is prevented from leaking between relatively slidable side faces of the respective wraps of the stationary scroll and the slewing scroll. This configuration provides a scroll compressor that has a higher accuracy and thus high compression efficiency and low noise are realized.

Abstract: A process of machining a scroll member of a scroll compressor by using a non-rotary cutting tool. The non-rotary cutting tool is moved relative to a workpiece in a predetermined direction for cutting the workpiece, with its rake face being held substantially perpendicular to the predetermined direction. The cutting tool includes (a) a generally cylindrical shank portion, and (b) a generally semi-cylindrical body portion which has an outer circumferential surface constituted by the rake face and a semi-cylindrical surface. The semi-cylindrical body portion has a cutting edge which is defined by an edge of the rake face and which is covered with a diamond coating. The rake face has a planar surface and a constant width throughout the cutting edge.

Abstract: The wasting of cutting fluid mists and contamination of a machining environment with cutting fluid mists are prevented by feeding optimum amounts of cutting fluid mists in a variety of machining operations.

Abstract: A precision optical element is described, such as is used in thermal imaging systems in the infrared, manufactured by means of single point machining, with both of its surfaces having an aspheric form, with or without the addition of a diffractive optics pattern. The element is produced while held in a novel vacuum chuck, whose support surface has a width in the radial direction significantly less than the size of the element, and which is aspherically machined to match the aspheric first surface of the element. A method whereby such an element can be produced by means of single point machining, such as diamond turning or fly cutting, is also described. Also described are new optical system designs and applications using such double-sided aspheric elements, thereby providing significant improvement over currently available optical systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a substrate for a photosensitive drum, comprising machining a cylindrical stock tube by a turning tool to form a cylindrical substrate having a surface roughness of 0.5 to 5 &mgr;m and being provided on the surface thereof with the streaks extending in the approximately circumferential direction thereof, said turning tool being constituted by monocrystalline diamond and having a cutting edge provided with a saw-like portion along an effective cutting length thereof, and a substrate which is suitable for the production of a photosensitive drum being free from the occurrence of interference fringes and has fine streaks uniformly formed on the surface thereof by machining without burrs, and the substrate capable of producing a higher-quality photosensitive drum.

Abstract: A formed rotary cutting tool including; a generally cylindrical body portion having (a) a plurality of flutes which are formed in the body portion to generally axially extend and which are located around the axis so as to be angularly spaced apart from each other, and (b) cutting edges which cooperate with each other to have a diameter that changes in the axial direction, so that the body portion has a desired configuration. The tool is rotated about the axis to form a groove whose configuration corresponds to the desired configuration, in a solid workpiece. Each of the cutting edges is defined by an intersection of a rake face and a flank face which has a predetermined clearance angle that is constant in the axial direction, irrespective of the change of the diameter.

Abstract: In one form, the disclosure describes a lathe apparatus and method for manufacturing a product with a non-axisymmetric shape from a workpiece, such as a toric contact lens, comprises a spindle for rotating the workpiece about an axis of rotation, a cutting tool, a two-axis bed for supporting the cutting tool and for moving the cutting tool along a predetermined path adjacent the workpiece as the spindle rotates the workpiece, and a mechanism for oscillating the cutting tool along an oscillation axis as the two-axis bed moves the cutting tool along the predetermined path, wherein the oscillation axis is oriented at a non-zero angle with respect to the axis of rotation. Preferably, the non-zero angle is about 45.degree.. In a second form, a lathe apparatus comprises a rotary bed for arcuately moving a cutting tool adjacent a workpiece and a mechanism for translationally reciprocating the cutting tool as the cutting tool is arcuately moved adjacent the workpiece.

Abstract: A cutter plate (20) for a milling tool (10), has a top surface (26) with fastening hole and a bottom surface (28) with a thread cutting profile. Between these two faces (24, 26) and at a side surface (28), a cutting edge (32) is formed which is adjoined in the top surface (24) by a chip guide groove (34) with chip outlet edge (36). The cutting edge (32) and the chip outlet edge (36) are disposed on helicoidal paths (38, 40) which diverge in top view. Tooth edges (42) on the side surface form angles (b) with the top surface (24). The cutter plate (20) can be installed obliquely to the tool axis, for example the shaft of the tool in order to achieve a soft first cut, which has a higher degree of quiet running, longer tool life, and a lower cutting pressure of the tool and to effect higher stability of the tool, in particular with small shaft diameters.

Abstract: A broaching cutter comprises a first shaft coupled to a cutter bit-carrying second shaft in such a way that the second shaft rotates when the first shaft rotates and is also radially displaceable with respect to the first shaft so that the second shaft revolves about the axis of the first shaft in a preselected pattern. A rotor on the end of the first shaft carries a connector in a slot in such a way that the connector is free to slide within the slot. The connector is attached to the second shaft and to a cam follower. As the connector slides, it displaces the second shaft radially with respect to the axis of rotation. The first shaft rotates within a stationary holder that has a cam race encircling the first shaft. The cam follower follows the cam race in the stationary holder, thereby varying the radial displacement of the connector. Thus, square, hexagonal or other shaped holes can be formed in a workpiece depending on the shape of the cam race.

Abstract: A side operated clamp for a resharpenable insert tool holder includes a clamping member movable into a converging recess on the tool holder body to clamp the tool insert against a shelf on the tool holder body. An actuator is movable transversely in a transverse slot extending across the tool holder. A threaded member is rotated to cause the actuator to move. The actuator has a projecting portion fitting into a dovetail keyway on the clamping member. The keyway is inclined to the transverse axis to cause clamping/unclamping movement when the actuator moves in the transverse slot.

Abstract: A precision drill for drilling noncircular bores, comprising a drill bit on a shaft and a holder for the workpiece being drilled, for providing a drill that can operate economically at high speeds. The workpiece holder oscillates translationally in at least one direction at a frequency controlled by the speed of the drill bit, and moves along a path determined by the desired shape of the bore to be drilled.

Abstract: A broaching cutter comprises a first shaft coupled to a cutter bit-carrying second shaft in such a way that the second shaft rotates when the first shaft rotates and is also radially displaceable with respect to the first shaft so that the second shaft revolves about the axis of the first shaft in a preselected pattern. A rotor on the end of the first shaft carries a connector in a slot in such a way that the connector is free to slide within the slot. The connector is attached to the second shaft and to a cam follower. As the connector slides, it displaces the second shaft radially with respect to the axis of rotation. The first shaft rotated within a stationary holder that has a cam race encircling the first shaft. The cam follower follows the cam race in the stationary holder, thereby varying the radial displacement of the connector. Thus, square, hexagonal or other shaped holes can be formed in a workpiece depending on the shape of the cam race.

Abstract: There is provided a method of cutting an ellipse contour in a numerically-controlled machine tool which can to cut a target ellipse precisely while considering the diameter of the tool, and to machine a three-dimensional ellipse surface as well as a rotated ellipse locus. This method is for controlling the coordinate position of a tool T such that the velocity of the contact point of the tool with the workpiece W in a tangential direction becomes constant with an eccentric angle .theta. relative to the major axis of the ellipse E as a parameter. This method comprises the step of controlling the coordinate position (x.sub.n, y.sub.n) of the center of the tool to track along the path being away from the ellipse E in the normal direction by a distance corresponding to the radius r of the tool.

Abstract: A special device for producing by machining a multiplicity of shaped bores or shaped external surfaces, such as squares, hexagons, ellipses, polygons. This is done by superimposing a forced radial motion, produced by purely rolling-action elements, on the rotational motion of a tool holder in such a way that the cutting edge of a tool inserted in the tool holder follows the required path as the tool holder rotates. The device enables shaped bores and external surfaces to be produced not only cleanly and to the required tolerances, but also very rapidly and simply. The form drilling and turning device can be used on normal drilling and machining machines and machining centers, as well as on turning machines and power tools.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted for trimming a plastic covering from a mouth opening of a blow-molded universal urinal includes a retaining block for rigidly holding the urinal in position opposite a trimming apparatus. The apparatus mechanically moves a knife mounted thereon in an oval pattern in one plane while simultaneously moving the knife in an alternately concave and convex pattern in a second plane orthogonal to the first plane. The knife is mounted on a platform which is itself movable in the second plane independently of the movement of the knife. As the platform is moved toward the urinal mouth, the knife is moved in the described pattern, thus smoothly trimming the urinal mouth.

Abstract: A machine tool for resurfacing seats surrounding non-circular openings in members, such as elliptical manways, includes a housing adapted to be mounted in the opening, and a tool bit carried by a slide mechanism mounted on the housing for rotation about a central axis. The slide member is resiliently biased outwardly to urge a tracker wheel into engagement with an inner surface of the opening, whereby the tool bit is constrained to follow the contour of the non-circular opening as it moves across the seat during a resurfacing operation. Movement of the tool bit across the surface being refaced is achieved by a feed screw driven from a feed sprocket that engages a tripper pin upon each revolution of the tool about the central axis.

Abstract: An eccentric-shape machining apparatus as well as an eccentric-shape machining method are provided which can efficiently and accurately bore, contour or thread a workpiece about any position other than the rotational center of the workpiece. The workpiece is rotatably driven while controlling the rotational phase of the workpiece. A rotating tool spindle adapted to mount a cutting tool is rotatably driven while controlling the rotational phase of the rotating tool spindle. The rotating tool spindle is mounted on a cutting head which is controllably fed and positioned in Z-axis extending parallel to X-axis perpendicular to the axis of the rotating tool spindle. During one complete revolution of the workpiece, the rotational phases of the main spindle and rotating tool spindle and the movement of the cutting head in the X-axis direction are simultaneously controlled such that the cutting tool is brought into contact with the inner and outer peripheries of the workpiece by a given depth of cut.

Abstract: A form tool for a rotating workpiece comprising a removable resharpenable tool insert, a tool holder with a recess receiving the insert, and an adjustable tool insert support which will raise and relocate the insert in the tool holder recess after each resharpening. Preferably the tool insert support comprises one or more wedge-shaped members drawn into the recess with bolts, serving to clamp the resharpenable insert against the rear wall and top shelf of the recess. The resharpenable tool insert has a top planar surface adapted to be removed during resharpening, a rear surface and a profiled front form surface parallel to the rear surface. The front form surface intersects the top surface at a first included angle which is the complement of the sum of a preselected top rake angle "R" and a preselected front clearance angle "C".

Abstract: A tool spindle for machining or producing elliptical surfaces, particularly elliptical bores, includes a housing (1) of two parts (31 32), a sleeve (2) rotatable mounted in the housing, a tool carrier shaft (3) rotatably mounted in the interior of the sleeve (2) for carrying a machining tool on the outer end thereof, the tool carrier shaft having an axis of rotation (13) in parallel spaced relationship with respect to the axis of rotation (12) of the sleeve, and a drive mechanism (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 18, 21, 30) for driving the tool carrier shaft and the sleeve at the same speed in opposite directions.

Abstract: A thread cutter has a set thread cutting tip for forming a pitch on a workpiece. The cutting projections that form the cutting edge are staggered by a few radians about the rotational axis of the cutter, so that they do not simultaneously come into cutting engagement with the workpiece surface and instead engages the surface in a predetermined sequence, leading to safe loading and improved machining accuracy.

Abstract: Safe and structurally simple design for a finebore machine with a turning tool (3) mounted on a boring bar (2), whereby the excursion of the turning tool is produced by a piezoelectric servomotor without any magnetic actuation. This is achieved in the following manner: (a) the turning tool (3) is lodged in a spring-mounted tool holder (4) which is made to deflect by a translatory driving servomotor (6); (b) the driving direction of the servomotor (6) is perpendicular to the operating direction of the turning tool (3); (c) the driving strength of the servomotor (6) acts on the one end of a connecting rod (8) which is lodged separately from the servomotor (6); (d) the other end of the connecting rod (8) abuts on the free mobile end of the tool holder (4) in a fixed position relative to the latter. The shape of the bore to be produced can be preset as an electronic image.

Abstract: To manufacture inner and outer parts for a rotary piston machine in which said parts have parallel axes and have interengaging helical engaging surfaces having convolutions in numbers differing by one and are operable to perform relative to each other rotating and eccentric revolving movements, the helical engaging surface of at least one of said parts is machined by a cutting tool, which is rotated about an axis which is parallel to and spaced from the axis of the part that is to be machined.

Abstract: An improved drill for creating oval openings in the jawbone for a tooth to be implanted therein. The drill includes movable cutters that cut an oval shape that matches the cross section of the oval implant by being rotatably driven and performing very fine cuts with movable cutters on an initial pilot hole in the bone.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for circumscribing oval paths, wherein a pivotably mounted element is dynamically oriented so as to maintain a functional axis thereof constantly tangent to the circumscribed path. An orienting arm attached to the mounted element is arcuately reciprocated by an element moving unidirectionally in a circle, the direction of circular movement being opposite to that in which the mounted element proceeds.

Abstract: A thread cutting insert comprises a block having along one edge thereof a plurality of teeth for successively cutting a thread in a workpiece. The teeth are of successively increasing heights from a first to a last of the teeth. The first tooth has a smoothly convexly curved cutting edge, and the remaining teeth have a multi-sided cutting edge defined by three sides of a trapezoid.

Abstract: For high-precision material-removing machining of the lateral surface of a workpiece (1) rotating with the main spindle (3) of a turning lathe, a cutting tool (17) is fixed on a slide (14) which carries out an axial movement synchronized with the rotation of the main spindle by means of a cam assembly (18, 21, 20) control. The shaft (21) of the cam assembly is rotation-tightly coupled to the main spindle by electric means (8, 10).

Abstract: A device for cutting oval or circle shaped forms, as well as irregular or scalloped variations thereof, in picture frame mats or the like. It consists of a cutting unit releasably securable both to a stationary arm or a reciprocating arm. When the cutting mount is secured only to the stationary arm, as the stationary arm rotates, the cutting unit mount turns and a circle or oval form is cut. If the cutting unit mount is only secured to the reciprocating arm, a chain and sprocket or gear arrangement causes the reciprocating arm and cutting unit to move in and out as the oval or circle shaped form is cut. A mechanism for adjusting the desired irregular or scalloped shape is also provided.

Abstract: Process for fabricating work-pieces with polygonal inner and/or outer profile, preferably by removal machining, wherein the work-piece pivots about a fixed axis (4) at constant speed while the tool (5) defines a closed loop path, wherein the rotation speed of the work piece and the rotation speed of the tool (5) on its path (6) are interdependent and wherein the tool (5) bites on the workpiece throughout its path, wherein the tool follows a closed path (6) differing from a circle and which is traversed by the tool (5) with a displacement speed varying in the course of one path by virtue of a predetermined displacement law, and wherein the path (6) is excentric with respect to the rotation axis (4) of the work piece and surrounds the latter.

Abstract: Method for producing workpieces having polygonal outer and/or inner contours, preferably by machining, wherein the workpiece to be machined rotates at a constant speed about a stationary axis, while the tool is guided on a closed, curved path, with the rate of rotation of the workpiece and the speed at which the tool revolves on its curved path being dependent upon one another and wherein further the tool engages at the workpiece during the entire revolution. The traveling speed of the tool during one revolution is varied according to a law of motion which is defined by the stationary rotation of the workpiece, the path of movement of the tool and the desired polygonal contour. The tool is guided, preferably translatorily, on a circularly cylindrical path.

Abstract: Pistons and cylinders are manufactured to an oval shape, which is defined as being an oval where the ratio of the major axis to the major axis is between 1.1:1 and 3:1. Pistons and cylinders are generally finish machined by relative rotation between the tool and the workpiece and movement of the tool in a defined path to produce a finished profile. In general, however, conventional machine tools cannot machine such oval profiles at commercial production rates because of the excessively high tool accelerations which this would involve and of which the conventional machine tools are not capable. Disclosed are a machine tool for matching such oval pistons in which an oval piston blank is rotated in a path such that, when each part of the piston surface reaches the tool, it is at a constant datum position. Thus the tool considers that it is machining a surface of constant radius and normal tool movements can be performed.

Abstract: A cat-head type machine tool is controlled by an electronic control system (28, 31) so as to allow relative movement between the rotating tools (11, 12) and the stationary workpiece (22) within a revolution of the tools, such that non-uniform and/or barrelled or oval profiles may be machined on a cyclindrical workpiece. This is particularly useful for the high speed production of pistons for internal combustion engines where such profiles can give a piston improved performance.

Abstract: A machine for machining brake drums wherein the cutting tool is cyclically retracted axially on its rotating spindle at a rate corresponding to the axial feed rate of the spindle and then quickly advanced on the spindle to the same extent so that the tool marks on the machined surface comprise a series of circular, rather than helical, grooves with relatively short, axially inclined grooves connecting the successive circular grooves.

Abstract: A device for cutting ovals or circles in sheet material. A baseboard is secured adjustably atop a parallel pair of base channels by a combination of screws and coil springs. A base plate secured to one end of the baseboard supports (1) a pair of swivel-mounted hold-down arms and hold-down pads having swivel-mounted, spring-urged pads; (2) a tee bar with a slidably mounted scaled flat shank portion and a crossbar with a center index line; and (3) an upright frame member. The upright frame member supports a horizontal frame member extending forward over the baseboard and having a pair of spaced-apart transverse guide bars with a longitudinal opening extending in between them. A circular disc is mounted for rotation by a handle, within and tangent to the transverse guide bars, and the disc has a slot extending radially from about the center out toward the circumference of the disc.

Abstract: The cutting tool may be employed to shape an internal hole, provide a form to the outer periphery of a workpiece, or shape a hole to a predetermined form while cutting an exterior profile to a desired shape. The tool has a shank with an oval shape flange with a tool-supporting portion having a similar oval shape flange with mating apertures in the flanges. The apertures in the first flange contain a thread while the holes in the second flange are somewhat enlarged. Three set screws are provided in the second flange at each end thereof in engagement with the screws which retain the flanges together. The set screws shift the second flange in any direction relative to the first flange which slopes relative to the axis of the shank so that the tool is offset at an angle to the axis of the shank.

Abstract: A profiling device for use with a machine tool includes a sleeve adapted to be attached to the machine tool and a tool carrier shaft rotatably mounted in the sleeve. The axis of the shaft is offset at a working angle relatively to the axis of the sleeve, so that the shaft carries out an oscillatory movement relatively to the sleeve when the shaft or the sleeve are rotated. The outer end of the shaft is adapted to receive a suitably shaped tool which can cut progressively into a workpiece until the entire profile has been produced when the relative rotational velocity of the workpiece and the tool is substantially zero.