Abstract: Method for producing workpieces having polygonal outer and/or inner contours, preferably by machining, wherein the workpiece to be machined rotates at a constant speed about a stationary axis, while the tool is guided on a closed, curved path, with the rate of rotation of the workpiece and the speed at which the tool revolves on its curved path being dependent upon one another and wherein further the tool engages at the workpiece during the entire revolution. The traveling speed of the tool during one revolution is varied according to a law of motion which is defined by the stationary rotation of the workpiece, the path of movement of the tool and the desired polygonal contour. The tool is guided, preferably translatorily, on a circularly cylindrical path.

Abstract: Pistons and cylinders are manufactured to an oval shape, which is defined as being an oval where the ratio of the major axis to the major axis is between 1.1:1 and 3:1. Pistons and cylinders are generally finish machined by relative rotation between the tool and the workpiece and movement of the tool in a defined path to produce a finished profile. In general, however, conventional machine tools cannot machine such oval profiles at commercial production rates because of the excessively high tool accelerations which this would involve and of which the conventional machine tools are not capable. Disclosed are a machine tool for matching such oval pistons in which an oval piston blank is rotated in a path such that, when each part of the piston surface reaches the tool, it is at a constant datum position. Thus the tool considers that it is machining a surface of constant radius and normal tool movements can be performed.

Abstract: A method of machining a workpiece, which is rotatable about a first axis, by a tool pivotable about a second axis parallel to the first axis and drivable about a third axis perpendicular to the second axis. To allow the circumference of the workpiece to be machined off-center without the necessity of moving the first or the second axis transversely to the plane defined by these two axes, the workpiece and the tool are rotated or pivoted about the first or second axis, respectively, at the same time, in the same direction and at the same angular velocity and, simultaneously, the second axis is displaced transversely to the first axis at such a velocity that the equation X.sup.2 =Y.sup.2 +A.sup.2 always applies, wherein X is the distance of the second axis from the first axis, Y is the distance of the first axis from the plane defined by the second and third axes and A is the distance of the second axis from the vertical projection of the first axis onto this plane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming a spherical surface of a hemispherical shell having projections on its inner and outer surfaces and an apparatus for working the hemispherical shell, which are particularly suitably applied to a large-scale spherical pressure resisting shell for forming a control chamber in an abyssal diving research vessel.

Abstract: A cat-head type machine tool is controlled by an electronic control system (28, 31) so as to allow relative movement between the rotating tools (11, 12) and the stationary workpiece (22) within a revolution of the tools, such that non-uniform and/or barrelled or oval profiles may be machined on a cyclindrical workpiece. This is particularly useful for the high speed production of pistons for internal combustion engines where such profiles can give a piston improved performance.

Abstract: An elongate eccentric shaft formed from a cylindrical billet has cylindrical bearing sections at its opposite ends, a cylindrical center section, and cylindrical coupling sections outboard of and eccentric to the center section. The cylindrical sections are of uniform diameter, the bearing and center sections have coincident longitudinal axes, and the longitudinal axes of the coupling sections are coincident with one another and offset from the axes of the other sections. Adjacent each coupling section is an elliptical section having a major axis the length of which is no greater than the diameter of the cylindrical sections and a minor axis the length of which is less than that of the major axis by an amount corresponding to one-half the offset of the aforementioned longitudinal axes.

Abstract: An apparatus for original and improvement machining of the active surfaces of steer cams, mainly of brake spanners, in which the kinematic chain connecting together a work piece being rotation-safely clamped and a basic slide comprises a non-reversing free wheel, the external side of which being secured to the milling headstock. A unilateral claw clutch is coupled with the non-fixed inner part of the free wheel, the claw clutch being reversely operated with the non-reversing free wheel. A gear connectd to an intermediate shaft is in connection with one side of the unilateral claw clutch and elements are coupled with the gear, the elements transforming angular displacement to rectilinear displacement.

Abstract: An apparatus for machining a workpiece to a predetermined contour in accordance with a reference pattern comprises a cam mechanism which defines the reference pattern. The cam mechanism is mounted on a carrier assembly, on which is mounted a rotary workpiece holder for positioning a workpiece in relation to a machining tool. The cam mechanism is coupled to the workpiece holder by drive means and is driven so as to impart an oscillatory pivotal movement to the workpiece holder while rotating the workpiece holder, thereby effecting a predetermined pattern of movement of the workpiece in relation to the tool.

Abstract: A polygon box tool for use with different machine tools by which a cutting and boring operation may be performed simultaneously. The polygon box tool may be used for turning a hexagon shape on the outside diameter of the workpiece while simultaneously turning flats on a smaller diameter in front of the hexagon contour.

Abstract: A method of rapidly making lenticular contact lenses having a flange thinner than the optical section of the lens and of uniform thickness regardless of refractive power.

Abstract: An optical lens having a hyperboloid surface is formed by cutting or grinding a workpiece made of glass or plastics while rotating it about its axis, while a cutting or grinding tool having a linear working edge is rotated or swung about a central axis, the working edge is separated from the center axis by a given distance and is inclined with respect to the central axis by a given angle. The envelope of the working edge forms a hyperboloid of one sheet of revolution along which the workpiece is cut or ground. An eccentricity of the hyperboloid curve can be adjusted by changing the inclined angle of the working edge with respect to the central axis.

Abstract: An aspherical surface generating method and apparatus which optimizes the path of a moving cutting tool tip to fit a given aspherical surface of revolution to be cut on a rotating work piece engaged by the moving tip. The apparatus is a modified spherical generator, the modifications and control of which adapt it to continuously match the curvature of the path of the moving cutting tool tip to that of the given aspherical surface of revolution by adjusting the dynamic machine center in the direction of the evolute of the curve, i.e. along the locus of the radius of curvature of the given surface at the tool tip.

Abstract: A grinding fixture provides for grinding a pair of oppositely positioned complementary ball engaging meridian race grooves in the external surface of the inner race member of a constant velocity universal joint, wherein the race grooves are characterized by offset centers. The fixture, adapted to receive and contain the inner race member for grinding, is engageable with, and rotatable between, headstock and tailstock members of a grinding machine. In a preferred embodiment, the fixture incorporates a slide assembly which is reciprocated between two offset parallel centerlines during grinding of a race member contained within the fixture.

Abstract: An apparatus for the out-of-round circumferential machining of workpieces includes a tool holder, a tool bit carried by the tool holder and a motor having a rotor operatively coupled to the tool holder for a radial feed of the tool bit. The motor can be numerically and electronically controlled dependent upon a desired out-of-round contour of the workpieces. The moment of inertia of the tool holder, the tool bit and any other component moving with the tool holder as a unit during feed motion is at the most equal to the moment of inertia of the rotor.

Abstract: An apparatus for the non-circular peripheral machining of an out-of-round workpiece includes a lathe spindle for rotating the workpiece; a radially displaceable tool holder for carrying a tool to engage a peripheral face of the workpiece; a first and a second setting motor for displacing the tool holder in a radial direction during rotation of the lathe spindle; a first connecting device coupling the output of the first setting motor with the second setting motor and the tool holder for displacing, with incremental steps, the second setting motor and the tool holder as a unit in the radial direction; and a second connecting device coupling the output of the second setting motor with the tool holder for displacing, with incremental steps--that are of different magnitude from those of the first setting motor--the tool holder in the radial direction relative to the first connecting device and the first setting motor.

Abstract: A method of making bifocal contact lenses by cutting the distant power on a lathe having an off center rotation to produce a prism lens, removing the lens from the lathe, coating the lens surface with a protective polymer and replacing the lens on a lathe and cutting the near power segment, polishing the near optical segment before removing the protective polymer and means of stabilizing the lens on the eye.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming non-circular workpieces including a rotatable workpiece carrying element which is laterally displaceable as it rotates to form the desired non-circular workpiece profile. The workpiece carrying element has three cam surfaces at least two of which have a non-circular profile, each bearing against fixed roller bearings to guide the workpiece against a fixed cutting surface to form the desired workpiece profile. The apparatus also is utilized to form at least the two non-circular profile cam surfaces.

Abstract: A rotary cutter holding device for use with a polygon cutting apparatus in a movable spindle-type automatic lathe is provided. The cutter holding device utilizes a pair of angular contact ball bearings in conjunction with a belleville spring to carry the thrust load imposed by the cutter.

Abstract: A method of making bifocal contact lenses by cutting the distant power on a lathe with an off center rotation to produce a prism lens, removing the lens from the lathe, turning the lens 180.degree., replacing the lens on the off center lathe, and cutting the near power segment.

Abstract: A machine for simultaneously milling several grooves in rotating workpieces by means of a rotating one-toothed milling tool, whereby the rotational speeds of the milling tool and workpiece stand in a ratio determined by the number of grooves, and whereby the milling tool in the longitudinal direction from the free end of the workpiece--freely-cutting--is plunged in the workpiece which is advanced in the longitudinal movement. The tool carrier is pivotable about an axis lying perpendicularly to the rotational axis of the workpiece such that the rotational plane of the cutter tool is able to be brought in an acute angle relative to the rotational axis of the workpiece.

Abstract: A sliding headstock automatic lathe includes a cutting tool which rotates in the same direction as the workpiece and at a speed precisely twice that of the workpiece, resulting in two or more flat cuts on the workpiece. The cutting tool is rotated by a connecting shaft driven by the same drive means which also rotates the workpiece. The connecting shaft is telescoping to accommodate the relative longitudinal movement of the lathe spindle nose and is pivotally attached between the drive means and the cutting tool to allow lateral movement of the cutting tool without slippage.

Abstract: A machine for generating surfaces of various characteristics on workpieces. It is similar in overall construction to the usual lathe which has a headstock for rotating the workpiece about its axis and a tool carriage which is mounted on a pivot for swinging movement relative to the headstock so that the tool, when adjusted into engagement with the face of the workpiece, will produce a spherical surface thereon. However, the present invention provides a special eccentric control unit in cooperation with the tool carriage for advancing or retracting it relative to the face of the workpiece, as the tool carriage swings, so that aspherical surfaces will be produced thereon by the tool. This eccentric unit is such that it can be readily set to obtain, accurately, surfaces of various preselected characteristics.

Abstract: Apparatus for machining a desired profile in a continuous mixer agitator and the like includes an attachment for a vertical boring mill or lathe and the like, wherein the attachment comprises a base plate with mounting structure to secure the base plate on the table of the boring mill or face plate of the lathe, and a rotary indexing table is carried by the base plate in an offset position relative to the center of the table or face plate and the like, said indexing table rotatably supporting the agitator on the base plate and the base plate rotatably supporting the indexing table, such that by properly adjusting the offset and speed of rotation of the indexing table, a desired profile is automatically machined in the agitator.

Abstract: Methodwise this disclosure relates to the manufacture of workpieces having polygonal inner or outer contours based upon radii of predetermined inner and outer circles with n being the number of angles of the desired polygon, the method including the steps of rotating a workpiece about its axis, moving the tool along an ellipsoidal path while in contact with the rotating workpiece with tool travel along the ellipsoidal path having velocity varying generally sinusoidally as a function of tool location, said ellipsoidal paht is radially offset from the workpiece axis of rotation and its width generally corresponds to the difference between said inner and outer radii, and rotating the workpiece about its axis for a duration of time longer than the duration of movement of the tool along the ellipsoidal path by said factor n.