Abstract: A means of making a multi ply structural panel by eliminating the top liner in the corrugating process. The present invention is made possible through modification to the corrugating rolls of the singlefacer. The design modification to the rolls involves incorporation of slots that run around the circumference of one roll and mating creasing tools incorporated around the circumference of the other of the corrugated roll set. These slots and creasing tools are incorporated across the existing flutes of the corrugating rolls.

Abstract: A means of making a multi ply structural panel by eliminating the top liner in the corrugating process. The present invention is made possible through modification to the corrugating rolls of the singlefacer. The design modification to the rolls involves incorporation of slots that run around the circumference of one roll and mating creasing tools incorporated around the circumference of the other of the corrugated roll set. These slots and creasing tools are incorporated across the existing flutes of the corrugating rolls.

Abstract: A miter saw that includes a base, a worktable arranged on the base and defining a worktable plane, and a cutting head formed with or connected to an operating member operable by a user. The cutting head further includes a circular saw blade operative to rotate around a first axis and a motor operative to drive the circular saw blade. A fence is arranged on the worktable. The cutting head is further connected to a first guiding member configured for guiding chips to be discharged. The fence is formed with a guiding portion. The cutting head is operative to rotate around a second axis parallel to the worktable plane and, when the cutting head rotates around the second axis, the guiding portion is operative to guide the first guiding member to cross the fence.

Abstract: A web-member cutting apparatus for cutting a web member at intervals in a transport direction includes: an intermittent transport mechanism for intermittently transporting the web member in the transport direction; a disc-like rotatable blade member for cutting the web member by moving along an intersecting direction while rotating about a rotation shaft during a suspension period of transport of the web member, and a downstream pressing member for regulating movement of the web member by pressing the web member against the intermittent transport mechanism at a position downstream from a target cut position in the transport direction throughout a period during which the rotatable blade member is cutting the web member.

Abstract: An anti-bounce device (100) for a saw mill, the device including a strut (60) having a first end piece (50), a second end piece (51) and a resilient member (52) therebetween, the first end piece of the strut being moveable relative to the second end piece; an engagement means (40) associated with the strut (60) adapted to move across a surface of a material to be sawn, the engagement means (40) transferring force to the first end piece (50) of the strut and the resilient member (52) of the strut dampening relative movement between the first end piece (50) and the second end piece (51) of the strut thereby restraining movement of the engagement means (40) relative to the surface of the material to be saw, and connection means (70,80) for connecting the strut to the saw mill.

Abstract: A slide lock includes a slide lock base having a plurality of grip element openings; a slide lock handle carried by the slide lock base and positional in a released position and a locked position relative to the slide lock base; and a plurality of grip elements carried by the slide lock handle and disposed in the grip element openings, respectively. The grip elements are retracted in the grip element openings, respectively, when the slide lock handle is in the released position and the grip elements protrude from the grip element openings, respectively, when the slide lock handle is in the locked position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting a vertical window covering are disclosed. One method of operating a window covering cutting machine comprises retaining a window covering in a package such that a first end of the window covering is located at a known first position relative to the package. An engagement element is provided on the package that is located at a known second position on the package. The engagement element is moved a distance from a saw to obtain a final dimension of the window covering where the distance is calculated using the first position and the second position.

Abstract: Provided is a cutter that is applicable to a cutting device with variable structures and that allows exchange of a cutting blade safely and smoothly with a simple structure. The present invention provides a cutter comprising: a slider; a holder member that retains a cutting blade; and a removing-and-installing member that removes or installs the holder member from or into the slider in a condition that the cutting blade is shielded with a cover member, wherein the cover member is provided with a projection portion while the holder member is provided with a groove portion, and when the removing-and-installing member is installed into the slider along with the holder member, the projection portion is adapted to travel in the groove portion so as to expose a cutting edge of the cutting blade through a cutout.

Abstract: A wrap case includes: a case; a support rod which is separably provided inside the case and is formed to be able to support a wrap film roll; and a cutter unit which is provided to the case so as to cut a wrap film which is pulled out to the outside of the case. The cutter unit comprises: a cutter rail which is provided at the outside of the case and elongates in a longitudinal direction of the case; a moving cutter which is connected to the cutter rail to be slidable along the cutter rail; and a mounting/dismounting unit for mounting or dismounting the moving cutter to or from the cutter rail.

Abstract: A multi-cutter cutting device is composed of a chassis having a guide channel, a rotary member rotatably mounted to the chassis and located at one end of the guide channel, and a plurality of cutting units. Each of the cutting units includes a shell mounted to the rotary member, and a cutter rotatably mounted to the shell and having a cutting edge protruding downward from a bottom side of the shell. Each of the cutting units can be moved along with the rotary member and along a radial direction of the rotary member to be separated from the rotary member and then can continue to move along the guide channel. In light of the above, the cutting device is structurally simple and can be easily manufactured and assembled. Besides, the cutting device is flatter to be easily packaged and stored.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a window covering and methods of cutting a window covering are provided. A method of operating a window covering cutting machine comprises a) packaging a window covering comprising components in a package such that first ends of the components extend beyond a first end of the package and second ends of the components extend beyond a second end of the package; b) automatically moving the package and components in a first direction of travel against a first squaring surface such that the first ends of the components are in a common plane; c) cutting the first ends of the components; d) automatically moving the package and components in a second direction of travel against a second squaring surface such that the second ends of the components are in a common plane; and e) cutting the second ends of the components.

Abstract: A power miter saw comprises a saw base having a fence for positioning a work piece, a table rotatably connected to the saw base; a miter arm assembly for angularly positioning the table relative to the saw base, a saw blade and motor assembly operatively connected to the table, a linear guide mechanism attached to the table and being configured to support the saw blade and motor assembly and enable movement of the assembly along a predetermined linear path in either forward or rearward directions, the mechanism having a horizontal shaft about which the assembly is pivotable to move a saw blade vertically into and out of cutting position, the mechanism also having a multiple link hinge pivotally interconnecting the motor assembly and the table with horizontal shafts that are parallel to one another.

Abstract: A supplemental frame and adjustable edge stop assembly are mounted to a front lower edge of a panel saw. A first quick release mount on the supplemental frame cooperates with a second quick release mount on the edge stop assembly to enable quick interchange of assemblies. One form of edge stop assembly includes a movable panel for movement as a unit of multiple edge stops into and out of operative position. A mounting plate for a cutting tool has workpiece rise limiters for pressing the workpiece against the panel saw face. Adjustable hold-downs engage a top edge of the workpiece to hold it down against support rollers. The edge stops, rise limiters and hold-downs form a pocket supporting the workpiece along three mutually perpendicular axes. A stand-off panel removably positioned on a front face of the panel saw supports thin workpieces closer to the cutting tool.

Abstract: A cutting unit (1) for cutting sheet material (13), the cutting unit comprising a sheet support (2) and at least one roll cutting device (4) associated with a sheet support (2), the roll cutting device comprising a support rail (5), at which a cutting carriage (6) is movably supported, the cutting carriage comprising a blade support (20), which is rotatably supported about an axis parallel to the support rail (5) and rotatable by hand, and at which blade support at least two disk blades (36, 37, 38) are supported freely rotatable about blade axes. The support rail has two support bars (56, 57) and the blade support has at least two support grooves (45, 46, 47). The two support bars engage the two support grooves to lock one of the at least two disk blades in a cutting position.

Abstract: A method for constructing a base for holding a moving sawhead along a linear path using a ladder with a carriage base attached thereto is disclosed. A vertical slide is attached to the carriage base and also attached to the powered sawhead so that the blade is capable of cutting in a generally horizontal plane.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a table saw includes a table, a moveable carriage supported by the table, a saw assembly supported by the carriage, and a pull rod coupled to the carriage. The pull rod is configured to move in a linear direction relative to the housing between a back position and a forward position. The carriage and saw assembly move in the linear direction when the pull rod is moved in the linear direction. A collar is positioned on the pull rod and configured to move in the linear direction between a locked position and an unlocked position. The pull rod is configured to move in the linear direction from the back position toward the forward position when the collar is in the unlocked position, and the pull rod is blocked from moving from the back position when the collar is in the locked position.

Abstract: A trimmer that is operable to cut at least one sheet of paper includes a base configured to support the at least one sheet, a rail extending across at least a portion of the base, and a cutting assembly having a carriage slidably coupled to the rail and a blade positioned on the carriage. The trimmer also includes a blade opposing member coupled to the base adjacent to the rail and an indicator operable to display a usable life status of at least one of the blade and the blade opposing member.

Abstract: A material cutting system for trimming sheet material having a base, a blade engageable with the sheet material along a cut line and a material guide including an illuminated surface indicative of the location of the cut line. In one set of embodiments, an illuminating assembly produces light that is internally transmitted through a light guide portion of the material guide to the illuminated surface. The illuminated surface provides for ready and correct orientation of the sheet material to the desired position for cutting by the material trimmer.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a window covering and methods of cutting a window covering are provided. A method of operating a window covering cutting machine comprises a) packaging a window covering comprising components in a package such that first ends of the components extend beyond a first end of the package and second ends of the components extend beyond a second end of the package; b) automatically moving the package and components in a first direction of travel against a first squaring surface such that the first ends of the components are in a common plane; c) cutting the first ends of the components; d) automatically moving the package and components in a second direction of travel against a second squaring surface such that the second ends of the components are in a common plane; and e) cutting the second ends of the components.

Abstract: Embodiments of a power miter saw comprise a saw base, a rotatable table, a miter arm, a saw blade and motor assembly operatively connected to the table, a hinged linear guide mechanism configured to support and move the assembly along a predetermined linear path, the mechanism comprising a first hinge having first and second links pivotably connected together by a first shaft extending through aligned openings therein, and a locking lever having a handle and a locking blade at opposite end portions and a pivot portion with a pivot connection therebetween for pivotably mounting the lever to one of the links, the blade being configured to fit within a gap between adjacent surfaces of the first and second links when the guide mechanism is in one of its extended or retracted positions and the lever is moved into a locked position.

Abstract: A saw with a base assembly, a table pivotably attached to the base assembly, a housing pivotably attached to the table, at least one rail slidably connected to the housing, and a saw assembly disposed on the at least one rail. The saw assembly includes a motor, and a blade driven by the motor. The saw also includes a dust collector attached to the saw assembly, the dust collector having a tube that extends through the housing.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are to a cutter including a carriage, a rotary blade mounted on the carriage, the rotary blade including a second blade edge on an outer circumferential part of the rotary blade, a fixed blade including a first blade edge, and a moving mechanism configured to move the carriage along the first blade edge of the fixed blade. The cutter further includes a rotation driving mechanism configured to drive the rotary blade to rotate in conjunction with the movement of the carriage, in a cutting direction.

Abstract: A portable cutter used for cutting different widths of thin sheet material. The portable cutter includes a right angle measurement bar with scale adapted for receipt against a front side of an open top storage box. The storage box is used for holding a large roll of thin sheet material therein. At least one cutting blade tool is adjustably mounted along a length of the measurement bar. The cutting blade tool includes a cutting blade disposed between a horizontal upper blade guide arm and a horizontal lower blade guide arm. Attached to a portion of the lower blade guide arm is a magnet holder with magnet used for releasable attachment to the measurement bar.

Abstract: A rotary trimmer having multiple rolling blades is provided with a knob for being rotated to drive a blade holder in a blade holder recess to rotate so as to shift the rolling blades. The blade holder recess and the blade holder are mutually positioned by spring elements and positioning recesses. Besides, the knob can be retained from rotating by a latch.

Abstract: A miter saw for cutting a workpiece is disclosed. The miter saw has a base section, a holder section, a saw blade section, a saw blade support section, and a guide bar. The base section has an upper surface for supporting a workpiece to be cut. The holder section stands from the base portion. The saw blade section has a circular saw blade for cutting the workpiece. The saw blade support section pivotably supports the saw blade section. The guide bar slidably supports the saw blade support section. The guide bar is slidably supported by the holder section. The guide bar extends substantially parallel to the upper surface of the base section. The saw blade support portion is slidable along the guide bar.

Abstract: A cutting unit (1) for cutting sheet material (13), the cutting unit comprising a sheet support (2) and at least one roll cutting device (4) associated with a sheet support (2), the roll cutting device comprising a support rail (5), at which a cutting carriage (6) is movably supported, which comprises a blade support (20), which is rotatably supported about an axis parallel to the support rail (5) and rotatable by hand, and at which blade support at least two disk blades (36, 37, 38) are supported freely rotatable about blade axes (39-44), which extend perpendicular to the rotation axis of the blade support (20), wherein the disk blades (36, 37, 38) are configured to be brought from a respective inactive position into a cutting position protruding in the direction towards the sheet support (2) by rotating the blade support (20), and wherein a locking device is provided, which supports the blade support (20) in the cutting position of a disk blade (36, 37, 38), wherein the locking device is configured as form

Abstract: A rotary cutting unit for trimming sheet material has a support plate for receiving the sheet material. The rotary cutting device having a guide bar with a displaceably guided knife carriage. A rotary knife is rotatably mounted on the knife carriage. The guide bar is guided between an initial raised position and a lowered clamping position. The guide bar includes a clamping surface for contact against sheet material. The guide bar has a force impinged upon it by a spring device, in the direction toward the initial position. An actuation device moves the guide bar out of the initial position into the clamping position. The guide bar is clamped in vertically movable fashion between the spring device and a further spring device. The second spring device has a spring action directed oppositely to the first.

Abstract: A cutter for cutting a coiled band includes a main body, and a cutting base installed on the main body, having a rectangular frame and a cutting groove formed in the long bottom side of the frame. Respectively fixed at one side and two ends of the cutting base is a sliding plate that has a sliding rail pivotally connected with two ends of a pressing rod respectively, so as to let the front end of the coiled band pass under the pressing rod to run out of the frame while having the pressing rod lifted up. Then, the pressing rod is released to press on the coiled band so as to let a knife unit pivotally connected with the main body flatly and securely cut the coiled band. The cutter is convenient and safe to use, with a cut band being flat and straight.

Abstract: A tool body for use in scrapbooking includes a groove for accepting a plurality of interchangeable tools therein. The tool body may include two or more separate bodies that may be connected together. The interchangeable tools may include a rotary cutter having one or more offset patterned blades. The housings of the rotary cutter may be attached together to form patterned strips having three different widths. The rotary cutter may be used separately or include an adapter for traveling in the groove of the tool body.

Abstract: A cutting mechanism includes a first cutter assembly, a first cutter assembly sheath, a first guiding shaft, a second cutter assembly, a second cutter assembly sheath, a second guiding shaft, a lead screw, a lead screw sheath, and a connecting element. The first cutter assembly and the second cutter assembly are simultaneously driven by the single lead screw, thereby cutting a sheet-like article.

Abstract: A cutter assembly for cutting printed media in a printer comprises a housing arranged for displacement across a media path, in a cutting direction at right angles to a media advance direction in the printer, a first rotary cutting blade carried on said housing such as to be positioned generally on the printed side of the media, and a second rotary cutting blade carried on said housing such as to be positioned generally on the side of the media opposite the printed side, the cutting blades being engageable with each other such as to cut the media between them, and the first rotary cutting blade being arranged upstream of the second rotary cutting blade in the media advance direction.

Abstract: A cutting system for an installation (A) for producing extruded plastic or laminated tube pipes. A cutting device has a cradle that can be reciprocated relative to a base and on top of which the cutting device rests. The system is characterized in that the cradle on which the cutting device rests is configured as a linear motor and can be displaced relative to the base.

Abstract: A kit for constructing a sawhead comprises a pair of plates adapted to be stacked upon and secured to one another by bolts to form a plate stack. The kit further comprises a pair of elongate guide receivers. Each guide receiver has a longitudinal axis and an interior wall which defines a bore extending through the each guide receiver and through which bore the longitudinal axis extends. The interior wall has a cross-section which is substantially constant along the length of each guide receiver. The guide receivers are adapted to be mounted to the plate stack by bolts at respective operative positions whereat the longitudinal axes are oriented parallel to one another and whereat the guide receivers are spaced from one another in a direction transverse to the axes.

Abstract: A panel saw has a first cutting blade for cutting stock in a first axis and a second cutting blade for cutting the stock in a second axis. The first blade moveable from a cutting position to a position in which stock can be slid between the cutting blade and a supporting frame of the panel saw. The panel saw allows repeated cross cuts and rip cuts without changing the cutting location of the first cutting blade. A control system is configured to retract the first cutting blade from contact with the stock if the current draw exceeds a value. The control system may also retract a cutting blade when it senses the end of a panel being cut.

Abstract: A trimmer having a trimmer housing is disclosed. In accordance with at least some embodiments, the trimmer housing includes a first housing portion and a second housing portion, the first housing portion being pivotally connected at least indirectly to the second housing portion. The trimmer additionally includes a cutting platform having a first platform connected at least indirectly to the first housing portion and a second platform connected at least indirectly to the second housing portion. The trimmer is configured wherein the second housing portion is substantially stationary and the first housing portion rotates approximately in a 180 degree range of motion from a close position to an open position, such that a flat and continuous cutting surface formed by the first and the second platforms is obtained.

Abstract: A cutting workstation which includes a miter gauge. The miter gauge consists of a clamping means whereby the gauge may be fixed to any location upon the length of cutting station work surface. The miter gauge arm is hinged to clamping means by a plate which may be rotated and then fixed at any angle. The arm is extendable and at its distal end exhibits a T shaped plate and fence which itself may be rotated to any angle. The ability to fix the miter gauge at any position along the cutting station work surface along with two means of adjusting angles allows the fence to guide the work piece at virtually any angle.

Abstract: A cutter for cutting elongate material into sections, the cutter including a motor coupled to a blade shaft, wherein said motor selectively rotates said blade shaft, a blade mounted on said blade shaft and rotatable therewith, and an actuator adapted to drive said blade along a drive axis toward the material.

Abstract: A tool trolley or guide for the precise control of hand held power tools such as a circular saw, saber saw, router or other portable power tool to guide the tool along a straight guide path. A chassis upon which the power tool is attached has a trolley like connection with a guide rail releasably secured to a work piece. The chassis has an opening through which the cutters of the tool extend. Tools are mounted on mounting plates which in turn are releasably mounted on the chassis.

Abstract: A cutting unit for arc-shaped and circular trimming of a sheet item has a guide device that comprises a guide bar along which is displaceably guided a knife carriage. The knife carriage comprises at least one cutting knife for trimming the sheet item. The guide device comprises a bearing body that has on the lower side a support which defines a support plane and with which the bearing body (4) is placeable onto the sheet item to be trimmed. The guide bar is mounted on the bearing body rotatably about a rotation axis perpendicular to the support plane, and extending away from the bearing body in a plane parallel to the support plane.

Abstract: A cutting unit for trimming sheet material has a support plate forming a support surface for supporting the sheet material and having a cutting device that comprises a guide bar extending over the support plate. A knife carriage having a cutting knife is displaceably guided on the bar. The bar is mounted in a pivot bearing pivotably about a pivot axis. The pivot axis proceeds perpendicularly to the support surface.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus for cutting sheets of paper, plastic, or the like, has a carriage for sliding along a rail, a cassette holder engageable with the carriage, and a cassette encasing a cutting blade and co-operable with the carriage, when held by the cassette holder, to expose a cutting edge of the cutting blade during engagement of the cassette holder with the carriage. The cassette, which may be separate from the carriage, has a rotary cutting blade and a cover covering the blade.

Abstract: A rotary trimmer for cutting and/or trimming paper and related sheet material is disclosed. The rotary trimmer comprises a trimmer housing having: (i) a first end portion; (ii) a second end portion; and (iii) a cutting platform having: (a) a first platform; (b) a second platform; and (c) a base platform. The first and the second platforms are pivotably connected at least indirectly to (1) the base platform; and/or (2) the first and the second end portions. The rotary trimmer further includes a blade carriage guide disposed between the first and the second end portions and a blade carriage having one or more cutting blades, and slidably mounted to the blade carriage guide wherein the blade carriage can slide along the blade carriage guide to cut and/or trim a sheet or sheet-like material positioned on the cutting platform. A method of using a rotary trimmer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sheet finisher for performing preselected processing with a sheet or a sheet stack conveyed thereto of the present invention includes a cutter unit configured to cut the sheet or the sheet stack in a direction perpendicular to a direction of sheet conveyance. A guide member is positioned upstream of the cutter unit in the direction of sheet conveyance for guiding the sheet or the sheet stack being conveyed. A moving device moves the guide member in a direction parallel to the direction of sheet conveyance.

Abstract: Slide compound saws (1, 100, 150) may include a table (3b) defining a table surface. A saw unit (20) may be pivotable relative to the table surface. A first slide bar (31, 51, 251, 351) may be slidably coupled to the table and may be disposed substantially in parallel with the table surface. The first slide bar may define a first sliding distance (S1) of the saw unit in a direction substantially parallel to the table surface. A sliding device (24, 33, 52, 61, 62, 252, 352) may slidably couple the first slide bar to the saw unit. The sliding device may define a second sliding distance (S2) of the saw unit in the direction substantially parallel to the table surface. Preferably, the saw unit can slide up to a distance S1 plus S2 in the direction substantially parallel to the table surface.

Abstract: A paper cutter includes a base with a rail secured thereon, a slide unit, a cutter seat and at least two blades. The base is provided with the rail for the slide unit to slide thereon. The cutter seat is pivotally connected to the slide unit. The cutter seat is provided with the blades. The slide unit further comprises a one-way locking member therein. The cutter seat comprises locking edges corresponding to the locking member for one-way engagement of the locking member with one of the locking edges. The cutter seat is positioned with respect to the slide unit. By turning the cutter seat towards a reversed direction, the blades are exchangeable. The one-way locking member is a pawl. The pawl is urged by an elastic member towards one-way direction to engage with the locking edge.

Abstract: The combination of a sheet cutting apparatus and a tool. The sheet cutting apparatus has a base with a surface for supporting a sheet material operatively positioned upon the base. A rail assembly on the base has a length. The sheet cutting apparatus further includes a blade assembly. The blade assembly has an operative state in which the blade assembly is movable guidingly in a cutting path along the length of the rail assembly to make a cut in a sheet material operatively positioned upon the base, and is repositionable relative to the rail assembly from the operative state into a separated state. The tool is operable by a user to facilitate repositioning of the blade assembly from the operative state into the separated state.

Abstract: A rotary cutting unit for trimming sheet material has a support plate for receiving the sheet material. The rotary cutting device comprises a guide bar with a knife carriage guided displaceably. A rotary knife is rotatably mounted on the knife carriage. The guide bar is guided in guidance devices between an initial raised position raised and a lowered clamping position. The guide bar includes a clamping surface for contact against sheet material. The guide bar has a force impinged upon it by a spring device, in the direction toward the initial position. An actuation device moves the guide bar out of the initial position into the clamping position. The guide bar is clamped in vertically movable fashion between the spring device and a further spring device. The second spring device has a spring action directed oppositely to the first.

Abstract: A singulation saw for sawing either substrate or wafers includes a pair of counter-rotating saw blades mounted for independent movement in a vertical direction for alternatively engaging with a substrate to be singulated. The singulation saw further includes a transport system including a pair of substrate carriers reciprocates the substrates. While the first substrate is being cut, the second substrate or other substrate carrier sequentially unloads a cut substrate, loads a new uncut substrate and then moves the uncut substrate to a vision system for determining the position of the substrate relative to the second carrier and then positions the second carrier and its substrate in a standby position ready to be cut by the pair of saw blades that are cutting the first substrate. As the first cut substrate is moved to an unload position, the new uncut substrate is moved into a cutting position.

Abstract: A paper cutter comprising a pair of four-joint link array mechanisms disposed in parallel between a paper holding member and a base, wherein pivotal links adjacent between the respective four-joint link array mechanisms are disposed to intersect with each other and to be slanted in directions opposite each other; in association with pivotal movements of the pivotal links, connecting links move in opposition to each other in a longitudinal direction; a downward operation force of the paper holding member acts as a pulling force on the respective connecting links; vertical movement of the paper holding member is constantly maintained in a parallel state with respect to the base; and a substantially uniform pressing force is imparted in a longitudinal direction of the paper holding member in cooperation with the vertical movement of the paper holding member.

Abstract: A miter saw capable of reducing scattering amount of cutting chips at a terminal phase of cutting operation. The miter saw includes a base section for supporting a workpiece, a cutting section, and a support section for supporting the cutting section. The support section includes a slide support part extending from the base section, and a pivot support part for pivotally movably supporting the cutting section. The cutting section includes a cutting chip inflow part. A guard extends from the slide support part. The guard has a slope portion for guiding cutting chips toward the inflow part. The slope portion is positioned on an extension of an intersection line defined between the base section and a saw blade and is movable in the direction of the intersection line.