Abstract: A pretensioned cable transmits power along a first support member (link) from a rotary actuator to a rotating output joint, typically an output pulley fixed to a second link arm but rotatable in a coupling between the first and second links. A reducer, typically two sets of coupled idler pulleys of different diameter, is mounted at a point removed from the actuator, and preferably as close as possible to the output joint. An axially split spool mounted on the actuator output wraps the outgoing and returning cable sections on different halves of the spool in opposite directions to provide pretensioning of the cable in the entire cable circuit at one point. To form a differential, a pretensioned cable carried on paired pulleys having smooth outer surfaces parallel to the axis of rotation couples the pulleys. The pulleys have axes of rotation that can intersect and their cable carrying surfaces are closely spaced, preferably by less than half the width of the cable.

Abstract: A precision robot apparatus (10) is disclosed which has an arm supporting cylinder (16) capable of being moved vertically by means of a lead screw (24) which rotates within a lead screw nut (38) attached to the arm supporting cylinder (16). A linear guide rod (44) is positioned parallel to the arm supporting cylinder (16) with an anti-rotation plate (42) therebetween. An arm drive belt (74) transfers rotational power from the linear guide rod (44) to the arm supporting cylinder (16). Rotational motion of the arm supporting cylinder (16) relative to a fixed arm pulley (92) is employed to power an arm portion (14).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device 32 for taking out a grown monocrystal rod 22 from monocrystal pulling up devices 10 to 14 and conveying them to a predetermined position. An object is to simplify the overall structure, which includes a plurality of monocrystal pulling up devices 10 to 14, and reducing the overall cost. A rail 31 is disposed along the monocrystal pulling up devices 10 to 14 and travelling portions 33 and 34 travel along the rail 31. The upper end portion of an upper cylinder 36 is fixed to the travelling portions 33 and 34, the upper portion of an elevational shaft 37 is inserted into the upper cylinder 36, the lower portion of the elevational shaft 37 is inserted into a lower cylinder 39 and a plate 44 is able to approach and move away from the lower cylinder 39. A plate 45 is able to rotate around a shaft 46 with respect to the position of the plate 44. Futhermore, the plate 45 has a receiving finger 53A and a holding finger 54A.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flexible robot arm comprising a plurality of disc-shaped elements arranged in a series so as to consist of a flexible arm, both surfaces of each of the elements being formed in convex having an arched opposed single curve so as to form contact surfaces, and a plurality of wire-like actuating devices for allowing the flexible arm to curve or bend in a desired direction. The flexible robot arm of this invention is directed to make motors for driving the actuating devices compact in size and light in weight and also a drive unit section compact in size and light in weight. The flexible robot arm includes two drive units each interconnected to the proximal ends of respective pairs of actuating devices (e.g. 3a and 3c, and 3b and 3d) disposed oppositely to each other on the diagonal and driven through rotary members (5a, 5b, 9a, 9b or 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) each being rotated by one of the motors (8a, 8 b) in both the clockwise and the anti-clockwise directions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for moving objects along a predetermined movement path, comprising a stand, a slide assembly carried by the stand, and a gripping-device attachment device connected to the slide assembly, the gripping device being intended to hold the object being moved by the arrangement. According to the invention an elongated carrier is displaceably mounted on the stand for reciprocating movement along a first straight path. The slide assembly is displaceably mounted on the elongated carrier for reciprocating movement along a second straight path which is substantially perpendicular to the first path. The slide assembly carries one end of a link system, the other end of which is free and reciprocatingly moveable along a third straight path extending perpendicularly to both the first path and the second path. The free end of the link system carries the attachment device.

Abstract: A gear box (30) housing a reduction gear unit (24) and supporting a drive motor (22), and a elongated screw shaft (12) is fitted over a base plate (14) so that an area of a shaft supporter (10) projected in a plane perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the elongated screw shaft is reduced, which supporter supports both ends of the elongaged screw shaft (12) for moving a movable element such as an arm of an industrial robot in a predetermined direction. Furthermore, a circular boss portion (32b) provided at the lower face of the gear box (30) and a hole (14a) provided at the base plate (14) are used for positioning the gear box on the base plate (14), and the positioning in a height direction is achieved by positioning elements (40) having a predetermined height dimension when the gear box (30) is attached to the base plate (14).

Abstract: A robotic apparatus, and components thereof, which is characterized by a high degree of modularity, enabling complex robotic mechanisms to be assembled on a customized basis from relatively standardized components on an efficient and economical basis. Individual numbers of a multi-axis device may be comprised of inverted channel-like support members, cut to predetermined length and provided at the extremities of their flange walls with opposed, longitudinally extending track strips. A movable carriage mounts series of guide rollers engageable with and guided and confined by the track strips for movement along a predetermined axis defined by the support member. A drive sprocket, driving by a digitally controlled stepping motor, with a drive sprocket, is mounted at one end of the support member and an idler sprocket at the opposite end.

Abstract: A robot of a cylindrical structure with vertical axes of rotation comprises a base for support on a ground surface; a column mounted on the support for rotation about an axis; a support element for linking and for driving, which is flexible and inextensible and closed in a loop, mounted on and along the column; a first assembly including a carriage fixed to one of the vertical sections of the element, a horizontal bracket mounted on the carriage for rotation about a second axis, a head mounted on the bracket for rotation about a third axis; a second assembly including a second carriage fixed to the second section of the element, a second bracket, a second head mounted on the second bracket; and a control arrangement for driving and controlling so that the two assemblies are displaced synchronously along the column in opposite vertical directions to one another.

Abstract: A modified shape memory alloy fibers exhibits a rapid twitch response under timulation by an action potential such as the heating effect of an electromagnetic pulse; in particular the relaxation time of the twitch response is considerably shortened as compared with that of the unmodified fibers; the modification is achieved by simultaneous application of a stretching force and a short, powerful electromagnetic pulse effective to bring about contraction resulting from the shape memory and change material properties; this application is carried out a plurality of times.

Abstract: An improved double capstan drive allows mechanical amplification for increased power output from stepper motors, servo motors, and other control devices. Tensile members are attached to loads, wrapped around two continuously driven capstan drums, and attach to the stepper motors. The stepper motors, when energized, supply tailing forces to the tensile members which then engage frictionally on the capstan drums. Amplification of forces is achieved. Each wrap provides for slightly less than 2 times amplification of the tailing force with no upper limit to the number of wraps. Elastic bands attach to each wrap of the tensile members approximately midway between the two drums to provide for immediate and responsive release when stepper motors deenergize or reverse direction. Grooves or rings on the periphery of the drums provide tracks for wrapping the tensile member.

Abstract: An industrial robot system comprising a plurality of robots for conducting a work in cooperation with each other. A system clock is provided in the system, and clocks are provided in the respective robots. These clocks are counted up at the same cycle time, and are set for original points of the respective robots, which are the waiting positions thereof, and the clock values of the robots located in the respective positions during the drive operation. During the drive of the system, the system clock is advanced by adding a predetermined increment value thereto, and the respective robots held under the enabling condition, start the operations by advancing the robot clocks by adding the same increment value as that of the system clock.

Abstract: An object handling device successively transfers objects such as semiconductor wafers. The object handling device includes first and second collapsible arm units having hands for holding objects, a first drive shaft for selectively extending and contracting the first arm unit, a second drive shaft for selectively extending and contracting the second arm unit, a third drive shaft for turning the first and second arm units while keeping the first and second arm units in a relative positional relationship, the first, second, and third drive shafts being disposed coaxially with each other, and an actuator mechanism for angularly moving the first, second, and third drive shafts about their own axes independently of each other.

Abstract: A mechanical hand comprising a housing with a first sliding actuation member and second sliding actuation member, at least two elongate, bendable members comprising a proximal phalanx and a distal phalanx, a relatively stationary member attached to the housing, a primary tension member projecting through the housing and at least through the second sliding actuation member, and a set of primary tendons and a set of secondary tendons. The primary tendons have first and second ends, with the primary tendon first end secured to the first slidable actuation member, and with the primary tendons extending through the bendable members. The primary tendon second end is secured to the distal phalanx. Each secondary tendon has first and second ends. The secondary tendon first end is secured to the second slidable actuation member. The secondary tendons extend through the bendable members. The secondary tendon second end is secured to the proximal phalanx.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical grasping device that simulates the movements of a human hand suitable for use as an artificial hand prosthesis that is lightweight, agile and includes a firm grasp. A lightweight platform houses a plurality of very small high torque electrical motors, each having its own linear gear rack, all of which is connected by suitable wire-like actuating member to a plurality of jointed members each of which represents a particular digit of the hand. A stiff cable is connected between all the simulated digits and the gear racks, the cables being mounted through eyelets that act as harness guides for providing the proper strength and movement of each of the digits. Control of the artificial hand and the digits may be through the receipt of myogram signals from the human muscles in the appropriate situation while power is received from a small DC battery.

Abstract: This invention relates to an articulated robot comprising at least two control arms (4), (7), and two speed reducers provided at articulated portions of the two control arms (4), (7) on the same axis in opposed relation to each other. The two speed reducers comprises first and second harmonic drive speed reducers which include a common circular spline (60) fixedly secured to the articulated portion of one of the control arms (4), (7), and a bracket (40), (50) mounted on one end of the common circular spline (60) for angular movement relative to the common circular spline (60) and connected to the articulated portion of the control arm (4), (7). The number of component parts can be reduced, the assembling operation can be facilitated, a stable high accuracy can be maintained, and an inexpensive articulated robot can be obtained.

Abstract: An articulated device includes two plates (PI, PS) interconnected by six k members (OLij) disposed in a closed latticework structure, and a control assembly for controlling the relative positions of these two plates. Each link member is of substantially constant length and the control assembly also includes six slider members (OCij) respectively connected to the six link members (OLij) and to the bottom plate (PI), each slider member being suitable for sliding relative to the bottom plate (PI) along a predetermined sliding direction under drive from a motor (MOTij, TFij).

Abstract: An article lifting device includes vertically elongate hollow tubular frame members, one telescopically received within the other for guided vertical movement. The outer member includes a bracket for fixedly mounting the outer member upon a support, which may be a horizontally movable shuttle carriage, and carries a reversible drive motor coupled to a drive gear mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis near the lower end of the outer member. A flexible belt having teeth at one side is fixed at opposite ends to the upper and lower ends of the inner member and a bight portion of the belt is meshed with the drive gear, the bight portion projecting from the inner member between two idler rolls mounted on the outer member and passing around the drive gear. The idler rolls hold those portions of the belt other than the idler rolls in face-to-face engagement with the inner member.

Abstract: A handling apparatus includes a base member having a rotating shaft, of a multijoint arm having one end portion thereof connected to the rotating shaft, a holder mounted at the free end portion of the arm, for holding a wafer, a stepping motor for circling the holder together with the arm about the rotating shaft, and another stepping motor for pivoting the arm joints. The multijoint arm is constituted by a plurality of parallel crank mechanisms arranged on corresponding planes in parallel with the circulating plane. One of the links constituting the first-stage parallel crank mechanism is fixed on the base member. During nonuse of the apparatus, the respective parallel crank mechanism overlap each other on the base member. Pulleys are mounted on joints of the arm, and a wire is wrapped around the pulleys. When at least one of the pulleys is pivoted, the parallel crank mechanisms are displaced, thereby extending or retracting the arm.

Abstract: A pretensioned cable transmits power along a first support member (link) from a rotary actuator to a rotating output joint, typically an output pulley fixed to a second link arm but rotatable in a coupling between the first and second links. A reducer, typically two sets of coupled idler pulleys of different diameter, is mounted at a point removed from the actuator, and preferably as close as possible to the output joint. An axially split spool mounted on the actuator output wraps the outgoing and returning cable sections on different halves of the spool in opposite directions to provide pretensioning of the cable in the entire cable circuit at one point. The links and pulleys of the transmission are long and narrow. This high aspect ratio provides a compact configuration that is conductive to whole arm manipulations where any exterior surface of the links can engage an object. A low inertia, low friction brushless D.C.

Abstract: A wire guide apparatus for a wire driven mechanism includes an arm stem member, an arm end member having a hand section, a joint section for rotatably coupling the arm end member to the arm stem member, a wire guide pulley, and a device for bending the arm end member relative to the arm stem member. The arm stem member is provided with a first drive source for driving the hand section via wires and a second drive source for driving the bending device. The wire guide pulley is rotatably supported at an eccentric position relative to an elbow position of the arm end member for guiding the wires to pass through the arm stem member and arm end member and is displaced toward the arm stem member by an amount corresponding to an extent of bending of the arm end member.

Abstract: The arm includes a supporting member and a plurality of telescoping members located therein and having a subsequently decreasing diameter. The supporting member and the telescoping members are interconnected by means of at least one kinematic train which is formed by endlessly guided pulling members. These pulling members, preferably steel belts, interconnect three respective adjoining telescoping members. The belts are mounted to the respective outer two telescoping members and guided for return at the upper and bottom area of the center member. When displacing the telescoping member having the largest diameter relative to the supporting member any further telescoping member is displaced relative to its outer adjoining member by a corresponding distance. This design leads to a rigid smoothly operating telescoping arm having a small structural height.

Abstract: A reciprocating drive apparatus for an automatic molding removing machine designed to remove a molded product from a molding machine by moving a chuck member, at least, in the longitudinal direction with a traveling member which is supported on a machine frame so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An anthropomorphic robot arm includes a hand section, wrist section and arm section. The hand section comprises a base plate, a plurality of flexible fingers which have a plurality of joints and are rotatably supported by the base plate, and one thumb which has a plurality of joints and is supported by the base plate such that it is able to rotate in a direction so that it is opposable to the flexible fingers. A group of actuators contained within the arm section independently drive each joint of the fingers, giving them the same movements as a human arm.

Abstract: A robotic device has various drives which move a pickup/release mechanism along a compound path of movement between pickup and release positions. Individual drives contribute individually to the compound motion and each is associated with counting unit/memories which control the drives so that the drives initiate motion in rapid mode followed by slow mode and then termination. The apparatus is constructed to minimize inertia forces so that the drives are not required to have high power input and so that the construction may be of light weight.

Abstract: A flexible arm capable of smoothly effecting bending for an extended period and improving positioning accuracy comprises a plurality of vertically stacked units (1) consisting of one disc (5) which has projectingly curved contact surfaces on both sides in an axial direction, one support plate (4) which is fixed to a coaxial center hole of the disc and has a plurality of plate fitting surfaces (4a) disposed on both sides of the peripheral portion in the axial direction with their phases shifted from one another, two torsion plates which have a center hole for loosely accommodating the disc and fitting surfaces (19) around their peripheral portions fixed to the plate fitting surfaces of the support plate, and one intermediate plate (6) which has a center hole for loosely accommodating the disc and whose fitting surfaces (15) around its peripheral portion on both sides in the axial direction are fixed to the fitting surfaces of the torsion plates on the opposite side to the support plate.

Abstract: Apparatus for automatically taking out a molded product, includes an elongated main frame, a laterally movable body supported on the main frame and movable in the longitudinal direction of the main frame, a first drive device for reciprocally moving the laterally movable body relative to the main frame. A frontward-backward movable body is supported on a frontward-backward frame which is connected to the laterally movable body, the frontward-backward movable body being movable in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main frame. A lifting device is provided, which includes a drive member connected to the frontward-backward movable body and having a vertically directed axis, a first driven member connected to the frontward-backward movable body and also connected to a rotary member which is rotatably supported on the movable frame. An attachment frame is supported on the movable frame and is movable in a vertical direction.

Abstract: A manipulator features the use of a single motor and a plurality of flexible cables which are interconnected with the motor via a plurality of clutches which can be selectively engaged and disengaged. The cables transmit rotational energy to elements of the manipulator via translation devices which convert the rotational motion into linear motion.

Abstract: An article transfer and storage system provided with a stationary stocker capable of storing a plural number of articles and a stock handler located movably on the front side of the stationary stocker. The travel drive mechanism for the stock handler is received in a lower portion of the stationary stocker. The stock handler includes an arm mechanism having a drive arm and a follower arm flexibly connected to each other by an intermediate shaft, and an article holder provided at an end of the follower arm. An operating mechanism translates rotation of a drive shaft into horizontal movement of the article holder. Each one of the arms has a hollow box-like shape to accommodate the operating mechanism.

Abstract: An artificial dexterous hand is provided for grasping and manipulating objects. The hand includes left and right thumbs that are operatively connected to an engagement assembly which causes movement of the left and right thumbs. The left thumb has a left thumb base and is movable about three separate first left thumb axes which run through the left thumb base. Correspondingly, the right thumb has a right thumb base and is movable about three separate first right thumb axes which run through the right thumb base. The engagement assembly has a gear assembly which is operatively connected to a motor assembly. Upon actuation by the motor assembly, the gear assembly causes movement of the left and right thumbs about the first left thumb axes and first right thumb axes respectively. The hand can also have a center finger which is operatively connected to the engagement assembly and which is interposed between the left and right thumbs.

Abstract: An industrial robot includes a base body, a hand, first and second horizontal arms rotatably coupled to each other, and a lift shaft provided between the base body and the first horizontal arm. The robot also includes drivers provided on the base body for driving the first and second horizontal arms and the hand, respectively, and transmission mechanisms provided in the base body and the first and second horizontal arms for transmitting the output power of the drivers to each of the first and second horizontal arms and the hand.

Abstract: An artificial dexterous hand is provided for conformally engaging and manipulating objects. The hand includes an articulated digit which is connected to an engagement sub-assembly and has a first shape adaption mechanism associated with it. The digit has a digit base and first and second phalanges. The digit base is operatively interconnected to the first phalange by a base joint having a base pulley. The phalanges are operatively interconnected by a separate first phalange joint having a first phalange pulley. The engagement sub-assembly includes a tendon, which is received by the base pulley and by the first phalange pulley, and an actuation device for selectively tensioning the tendon. The first shape adaption mechanism is responsive to and receives the tendon. It is also situated between the base joint and the first phalange joint and is connected to the first phalange.

Abstract: In a precision operable robot arm comprising four levers pivotally connected with each other into a paralle arranged link form, when one ends of first and second levers aligned vertically, for example, are driven respectively by two motors such that the levers are swung around the alignment axis in a horizontal plane, for example, a work supporting device provided at an outwardly extending end of the fourth lever is also moved in a horizontal plane.A first pulley is fixedly secured to a position aligning with the driving shafts of the two motors, while second and third pulleys, which are integrally rotatable, are rotatably supported by a pivot pin coupling the second and fourth levers, and fourth pulley rotatably supported at the outer end of the fourth lever is fixed to the work supporting device.

Abstract: The invention provides a motorized joint which has a pair of members that are movable relative to one another about a joint. Power to actuate the joint is provided by an inflatable hose inflating to transmit the force due to the expansion thereof via a strap or other elements interconnecting the members. The motorized joint can be covered with artificial flesh which, together with the expansion of the inflatable hose, creates the realistic appearance of a muscle flexing.

Abstract: An agricultural machine comprises a self-propelled chassis (1) and an arrangement for displacement of the working member (9) over the field surface, comprising a hermetic chamber (3) with a port (4), a source (2) of a fluid agent pumped into the chamber (3) under a pressure, and a flexible hose (7) wound onto a drum (5) and internally accommodating a tractive element (8). A section of the tractive element (8) projecting from a free end of the hose (7) mounts an attachment carrying the working member (9) and movably connected with the flexible hose (7). The free end of the hose (7) is passed through the chamber (3), turned inside out and hermetically secured in the port (4) of the chamber (3) so that it forms an annular space (A) communicating with the chamber (3) and by changing its volume under the action of the fluid agent moves the hose (7) over the field, which pushes in front of itself the attachment carrying the working member (9).

Abstract: A linear axis (cantilevered beam) is longitudinally displaceable relative to its support which, in turn, is displaceable laterally along an overhead frame so as to provide X-Y positioning for pick and place spindles and similar tools which are attached to the beam. A particular structural combination for accomplishing this involves a low inertia servomotor driving a speed reducer which, in turn, directly drives a short endless timing belt which, in turn, intermeshes with and drives a toothed rack in order to provide reliable, with zero backlash, high accuracy X-Y positioning of the tools. Features of the structural arrangement allow the use of component parts requiring much less precision, and thus much less cost, of manufacture than prior art, zero backlash, linear axis positioning systems.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a wrist capable of the range of motion and function of a human wrist, composed of a basic ball and socket joint, with the ball portion segmented vertically into as many flat portions as there are fingers to allow the first segment of each finger to attach to each ball segment, allowing independant up-down motion of the fingers, while retaining dependant motion of the fingers in the back-and-forth direction.

Abstract: Work-handling apparatus, such as may be used in automatically loading and unloading a press in the manufacture of metal pressings, is arranged to reciprocate a work-handling attachment substantially linearly. The attachment is pivotally mounted on a crank lever, which is pivotally mounted on a crank arm, which is pivotally mounted on mounting means, the pivot axes of the crank arm, which is pivotally mounted on mounting means, the pivot axes of the crank arm and the attachment being substantially equi-distant from that of the crank lever. By means of geared connections between the mounting means and the crank lever (in the ratio of substantially 2:1), and between the crank arm and the attachment (in the ratio of substantially 1:2) the attachment is caused to maintain a substantially constant orientation during linear movement resulting from the coordinated rotations of the crank lever and the crank arm.

Abstract: A robotic hand having a plurality of fingers, each having a plurality of joints pivotally connected one to the other, with actuators connected at one end to an actuating and control mechanism mounted remotely from the hand and at the other end to the joints of the fingers for manipulating the fingers and passing externally of the robot manipulating arm in between the hand and the actuating and control mechanism. The fingers include pulleys to route the actuators within the fingers. Cable tension sensing structure mounted on a portion of the hand are disclosed, as is the covering of the tip of each finger with a resilient and pliable friction enhancing surface.

Abstract: A manipulator is disclosed which includes first and second interconnected limb sections, the second section of which is elongated and flexible in at least one direction normal to the longitudinal axis. The first limb section is connected to a base, and the second limb section is connected to an end effector. Relative to a reference frame with origin at the first limb section, the stiffness matrix of the second limb section is variable, and is under motor control. In one embodiment, the second limb section is inflexible in a direction orthogonal to the one direction and the longitudinal axis, and is supported by the first limb section for rotation about the longitudinal axis. In another embodiment, the second limb section is flexible in all directions normal to the longitudinal axis, and a plurality of adjustable-tension stays attached to the second limb section adjacent opposite ends thereof are used to control the stiffness matrix thereof. Methods of damping vibration of the flexible beam are shown.

Abstract: A modular wafer processing machine is provided which is based on interconnected handling units having wafer handling arms. Each unit can pass a wafer to another unit in the same vacuum environment to a processing module.

Abstract: Strips (20), housed in the slave arms (10) of a remote handling device and used for transmitting to the pair of gripping pliers borne by this arm orientation and tightening movements remote controlled by an operator, rotate pinions (26a) mounted at the extremity of the slave arm (10). These pinions (26a) are normally geared onto pinions (30a) mounted in a ball and socket joint (16) inserted between the pliers and the slave arm. When the ball and socket joint is dismounted, any attempt to remove the strips (20) is made impossible by the locking devices (60a) which come to rest onto the flanks of the pinions (26a) under the action of the spring (72). Any breakage of the strips due to their being pulled during dismantling of the ball and socket joint is thus avoided.

Abstract: A pretensioned cable transmits power along a first support member (link) from a rotary actuator to a rotating output joint, typically an output pulley fixed to a second link arm but rotatable in a coupling between the first and second links. A reducer, typically two sets of coupled idler pulleys of different diameter, is mounted at a point removed from the actuator, and preferably as close as possible to the output joint. An axially split spool mounted on the actuator output wraps the outgoing and returning cable sections on different halves of the spool in opposite directions to provide pretensioning of the cable in the entire cable circuit at one point. To form a differential, a pretensioned cable carried on paired pulleys having smooth outer surfaces parallel to the axis of rotation couples the pulleys. The pulleys have axes of rotation that can intersect and their cable carrying surfaces are closely spaced, preferably by less than half the width of the cable.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flexible robot arm structure utilizing an elongate skeletal frame member which can be controlled to assume any of a number of curved shapes as in the performance of automated operations. The arm functions somewhat like the body of a snake or an elephant's trunk. The skeletal frame defines a plurality of similar elemental segments disclosed in the form of disc-like structures as well as turns in a helical loading configuration. The helical form includes interleaved flexible helix members interconnected in a chain-link form. Displacement of sections in the arm is accomplished by the action of two separate mechanisms. A deflection mechanism provides power to flex or curve an arm section while a distribution mechanism distributes the curvature along the length of the arm to seek a smooth, circular curve. Illustrative embodiments use hydraulic actuators integral with the frame; however, equivalents are disclosed. The resulting arm is a highly repetitive, mechanical structure.

Abstract: A robot arm in which a hand or end effector placed at the end of, and pivotally joined to first and second pivotally coupled arms is caused to experience linear, straight line motion in response to a single rotary actuator at the far end of the further most arm. A series of belts and pulleys of different sizes coordinate the motion of the two arms and the hand in order to produce straight line or radial motion in response to a single rotary actuator. The robot arm has particular application in semiconductor wafer handling systems in such capacity as transferring wafers between storage cassettes and test platforms and in this application is married to Z and .theta. motion drives.

Abstract: A digital position and velocity feedback system is provided for a multiaxis robot control and it employs an LSI chip to process incremental position signals for position change and velocity computations. At low speeds, velocity is computed from the reciprocal of elasped time. At higher speeds, velocity is computed from the rate at which incremental position signals are generated.

Abstract: A driving mechanism having a spindle which is provided with a first helical threaded portion having a lefthand direction of rotation and with a second helical threaded portion having a righthand direction of rotation. A pair of spindle guides each engage a respective spindle threaded portion for rotating the spindle and translating the spindle in an axial direction. Each spindle guide has three pairs of runner rollers on a sleeve for centering and supporting the spindle within the sleeves. The three pairs of runner rollers on each sleeve kinematically constrain the six degrees of freedom of the spindle without overconstraint to reduce friction and binding of the spindle in the spindle guides.

Abstract: Lifter for loads, in particular a palletizer for stackable objects, comprising a load carrier which can be moved up and down, in particular an articulated swivel arm (16) on whose free end an element is arranged for seizing the objects, the up and down or lifting and lowering movements of the load carrier being effected along a vertical guide, in particular along upright columns (19), and a drive (13)for the lifting and lowering movement of the load carrier at the upper or lower end of the vertical guide (columns 19), the connection between the drive (13) and the load carrier (swivel arm 16) being made by a toothed belt (14) which on one side is passed around a pinion (15) allocated to the drive (13) and on the other side is passed around a toothed disc (17) rotatably mounted on the end of the vertical guide (columns 19) opposite the drive side and whose free ends are each attached to the load carrier or a guide block (26) of the same.

Abstract: Improved robotic fingers are disclosed. The present invention provides a novel three joint, two actuator robotic finger. The finger disclosed is self-contained, lighter and requires less computational overhead than designs requiring one actuator for each joint, while providing greater versatility than simple grippers. The fingers of the present invention are constructed using a series of pulleys and tendons to couple the motion of two joints. In a preferred embodiment, a novel tendon configuration is disclosed which provides human-like enclosure and grasping capabilities. Also, other useful tendon configurations are disclosed. Robotic hands comprised of a group of one or more of the fingers of the present invention and methods of utilizing them to manipulate objects are also disclosed.

Abstract: Application of tension simultaneously to three cords extending through respective coil springs and attached off the axes of the springs causes movement of tactile members on the ends of the springs to grasp, lift and rotate a workpiece. A capacity sensitive sensor positions the coil assembly relative to the object so that the tactile members will grasp the workpiece in a uniform manner irrespective of workpiece size.

Abstract: This invention relates particularly to a drive mechanism for converting rotary to unidirectional linear movement for use in actuation of hinged members of robotic, prosthetic, and other like devices. The twisted cord actuator includes a motor with an axial shaft to which, by a coupling, the single free end of two or more cords are attached. The opposing ends of the cords are attached to the moveable member. As the shaft rotates the cords are twisted around each other in helical fashion. Thus their combined length is shortened. In this invention the rotating device represents the muscle and the twisting of the cords, the tendons. The twisting pair of cords may then be threaded through a sheath to act as a pull cable for use as a tendon for an artifical finger or robotic arm. The values of this invention are low cost, ease of use and variability of design.