Abstract: A pneumatically operated mechanism for a glass machine comprises a piston and cylinder device, first and second air lines leading to opposite sides of the piston, and first and second control means for controlling the passage of air through the air lines, which control means each comprise an operating valve and a speed control valve. The valves are solenoid operated and by control of the timing of operation of the valves the speed of movement of the piston and the degree of cushioning at the ends of its stroke may be adjusted. In a modified mechanism pressure sensors which sense the pressures in the piston and cylinder device are connected to a processor which is adapted in response to data sensed by the sensors to operate the valves to obtain a desired movement of the piston.

Abstract: In a hydraulic power steering for a motor vehicle with a hydraulic servomotor and a servovalve arrangement in communication with opposite servomotor actuating chambers by way of separate communication conduits through which the actuating chambers can be pressurized or depressurized for the operation of the servomotor depending on a force applied by an operator to a steering means, the communication conduits include valve arrangements permitting, when they are open, the release of hydraulic fluid from the actuating chambers but blocking the release of hydraulic fluid when they are closed thereby hydraulically locking the power steering.

Abstract: A pneumatic circuit for use in causing rapid, upward movement of a piston and cylinder device in a glass machine incorporates a supplementary valve which connects an upper part of the cylinder to exhaust for part of the upstroke, and through a restrictor valve to exhaust towards the end of the upstroke.

Abstract: A pump having a center section including an actuator housing and an air valve is arranged with air chambers to either side of the actuator housing. Diaphragms are associated with the air chambers to create enclosed cavities for alternately pressurizing and venting the diaphragms. The actuator uses a pilot shifting shaft which is shuttled by movement of the diaphragms. An air valve is controlled by the shuttle shifting shaft to control flow to and from the air chambers. The passageways from the air chambers to exhaust find the passage to the outlet being at least as restrictive to air flow as the remainder of the passageways so as to prevent major pressure decreases within the actuator body. A diffuser includes a thin space between two surfaces into which the exhaust is directed. One of the surfaces is associated with a porous block of material. Exhausting air is distributed within the space and then passed through the porous block of material.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system includes a pump, a hydraulic motor and a motor hydraulic circuit interconnecting the pump and the motor. The circuit includes a first hydraulic fluid line extending between the pump and an inlet of the motor and a first control valve located in the fluid line for selectively allowing the flow of fluid between the pump and the motor inlet. A second hydraulic fluid line extends from an outlet of the motor to the first control valve. A circuit is provided for allowing a flow of fluid between the first and second fluid lines. Located in the circuit is a flow control orifice for slowing a flow of fluid between the first and second fluid lines.

Abstract: In a hydraulic apparatus, an operating oil delivered from a fixed delivery hydraulic pump is divided into two parts, one of which is discharged into an oil tank by passing through a serial circuit consisting of a normally open valve and an orifice and the other of which is supplied to a piston-cylinder means by passing through a parallel circuit consisting of a normally closed valve and a check valve. When the normally closed valve is closed and the normally open valve is gradually closed, the piston is raised while gradually increasing in velocity. On the other hand, when the normally open valve is totally opened to stop the piston and the normally closed valve is gradually opened, the piston is lowered while gradually increasing in velocity. When the valves are operated to cause the piston to move vertically, the impact applied thereto at the time when the valve opening is large is largely mitigated by using said orifice.

Abstract: A double-acting user has a first and an oppositely acting second pressure-fluid compartment. A source of pressure fluid receives fluid from a fluid reservoir. A first conduit has one section communicating with the first compartment of the user, and another section communicating with the source of pressure fluid. A second conduit communicates with the reservoir. A control valve is interposed in the first conduit and is movable between a first position in which it connects the sections of the first conduit with one another and a second position in which it connects both of the sections of the first conduit with the second conduit. A pressure-reducing and limiting valve has a first port communicating with the second compartment of the user, a second port communicating with the reservoir, a third port communicating with that section of the first conduit which in turn communicates with the source, and a pressure-limiting arrangement which serves to limit the fluid pressure in the second compartment of the user.

Abstract: A control apparatus for use with cylinder assemblies for cushioning the piston as it reaches the end of its stroke so as to control the speed at which the piston approaches the cylinder ends and to prevent damage to the cylinder assembly. The control apparatus includes a body which has an inlet port that is adapted for connection to the cylinder assembly and an outlet port that is aligned with the inlet port and is adapted to vent to atmosphere or for line connection. An expansion chamber is provided within the body and includes a valve for controllably venting the chamber. A first passageway connects the inlet port, outlet port and expansion chamber, and a second passageway connects the inlet port and the first passageway for controlling flow between the inlet port and expansion chamber.